TradeMark Security System

From Sega Retro

Tmss.png

The TradeMark Security System (TMSS) is a feature of Sega Mega Drive motherboards. It is the first thing to be executed when turning on the console, displaying a copyright notice before executing the currently inserted cartridge. Early Mega Drive models generally do not have this feature.

Purpose

Evidence suggests TMSS was originally intended as a region lockout system for the Mega Drive to keep Japanese games from running on foreign systems: the only games that intentionally omitted TMSS support were many early Japanese games (and two later ones); the few international games that omitted support did so due to development issues. Sega's official developer manual also refers to the system as the "US security code". However, this notion appears to have been dropped quickly, as early international models lack the feature and Japanese ROMs started shipping TMSS-compliant in mid-1989 (though the Sega Channel BIOS is an anomaly). TMSS was eventually implemented into Japanese Mega Drive consoles beginning around late 1991/early 1992.

In the US, it was eventually used to ensure games which were unlicensed by Sega (and thus not receiving the Sega Seal of Quality, which was attainable through a fee paid to Sega) were not playable. Though TMSS was not produced in whole until late 1992/early 1993, the necessary code was in programmer documentation as far back as 1989. Some early games that did not implement TMSS in full consequently did not work in newer board revisions.

TMSS works by simply requiring instances of the SEGA trademark to appear in various memory locations (see below). Should an unlicensed game appear on the market, Sega could exert its rights over the SEGA trademark and sue the developer for trademark infringement.

The legality of this system was challenged in the United States by Accolade in the court case SEGA vs. Accolade, which ruled in Accolade's favor. The verdict set a precedent that copyrights do not extend to non-expressive content in software that is required by another system to be present in order for that system to run the software. While the system was never challenged elsewhere, Sega did not enforce it after the Accolade case, and consequently several unlicensed game developers started popping up.

In order for software to run on a Mega Drive/Genesis with TMSS, the software must do two things:

  1. Have either the longword whose bytes represent ASCII string "SEGA" in big endian at ROM address 100 OR the five bytes "SEGA" at the same address — this is checked by the TMSS ROM and is the source of the "Produced By or Under License From Sega Enterprises Ltd." message.
  2. Write a long word containing "SEGA" (all caps) to address 00A14000 before accessing the VDP data port (00C00000). If the game fails to do this, the next VDP data port access will cause the 68000 to lock up — this is done by the I/O controller.
    • The sample code in the official programmer documentation has this part skipped on boards that report themselves as revision 0 (byte at 00A10001 & F); the effect of doing this write on a revision 0 board is unknown.

However, there are ways that the user can bypass TMSS for software that don't support it, such as by using a pass-through cartridge like the Game Genie.

Absolute Entertainment, for some reason, faked the TMSS screen if it detected a non-TMSS board on all their Mega Drive games (including BattleTech, which was published under the Extreme Entertainment Group label which they had recently purchased from Micronet).

Patents

Known games without support

This list is incomplete; please add to it if you find something missing.

Official

Unofficial/unlicensed games

Hidden content

Main article: TradeMark Security System/Hidden content.

Screenshots

Technical information

ROM dump status

System Hash Size Build Date Source Comments
Sega Mega Drive
CRC32 3f888cf4
MD5 d3293ebaaa7f4eb2a6766b68a0fb4609
SHA-1 3f50b76b0529db7f79c396b5e808cc0786ffc311
2kB 1990-05 Sega Mega Drive
Sega Mega Drive
 ?
CRC32 424a9d11
MD5 9f567d86705317eedd7d5bf2a729ff1b
SHA-1 1c470a9a8d0b211c5feea1c1c2376aa1f7934b16
4.1kB 1990-11 Teradrive

References


Sega Mega Drive
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