Difference between revisions of "Sega Dreamcast"

Revision as of 20:24, 27 May 2016

Sega Dreamcast

Manufacturer: Sega

Variants: Sega NAOMI, Atomiswave, Sega Aurora

Release	Date	RRP	Code
JP	1998-11-27	¥29,80029,800	HKT-3000
US	1999-09-09	$199.99199.99	HKT-3020
DE	1999-10-14	DM 499499	HKT-3030
ES	1999-10-14		HKT-3030
FR	1999-10-14		HKT-3030
UK	1999-10-14 ^[1]	£199.99199.99 ^[2]	HKT-3030
AU	1999-11-30	$499.00499.00
BR	1999-10-04 ^[3]	R$899.00899.00
KR	1998-11		HKT-3010
AS	1998-11		HKT-3010

The Sega Dreamcast (ドリームキャスト) is a home video game console manufactured by Sega as a successor to the Sega Saturn. It was originally released in November 1998, becoming first machine to be released in what is now known as the sixth generation of video game consoles, sharing a platform with the PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube and the Xbox.

The Dreamcast was Sega's last home console, developed primarily to detoxify the Sega brand and rekindle the trust and market success seen in the days of the Sega Mega Drive. However, faced with significant competition going into 2001, the Dreamcast project was cancelled, with Sega pulling out of the console hardware business it had been persuing for nearly twenty years. Roughly 10.6 million Dreamcast consoles have been sold worldwide.

An arcade counterpart to the Dreamcast exists as the Sega NAOMI.

Hardware

The Dreamcast is a small, white box with aesthetics designed to appeal to a wide-ranging audience. It was envisioned as an "128-bit" "super console", designed to leapfrog "32-bit" and "64-bit" contemporaries in the form of the PlayStation and Nintendo 64, respectively (although from a technical standpoint, its main processor deals in 32-bit or 64-bit instructions, with the 128-bit figure coming from the graphics hardware). Incidentally the Dreamcast was the last home console to use "bits" as a selling point, with processing capabilities now typically measured in other ways.

Taking design cues from the Nintendo 64 and the Sega Saturn, the Dreamcast contains four control ports, a removable modem, disc drive and an extension port (as well as the expected AV and power inputs). It is not backwards compatible with any prior Sega hardware or software (although its controller derives from the Saturn's 3D Control Pad), and operates in much the same way as the Saturn (and PlayStation) does, with a configurable settings and memory management accessed through a BIOS screen.

The Dreamcast uses a proprietary format of storage called GD-ROMs for games in order to circumvent software piracy, a strategy that ultimately backfired when the first run of discs had a high rate of defects. The format was also cracked fairly quickly (and in some cases, the pirated games were released before the legitimate versions). Sega largely had themselves to blame for the high levels of Dreamcast piracy—their use of the GD-ROM format was completely undermined by the console's support for the Mil-CD format, which allowed the console to boot from a standard CD-R. Mil-CD support was removed from the final Dreamcast revisions toward the end of the console's life.

The GD-ROM format also put the console at a disadvantage when competing against the PlayStation 2 - the PS2 used DVDs, and could therefore run DVD videos making it an inexpensive DVD player as well as a video game console. DVD-ROMs also have more storage space, allowing for bigger games (though the initial run of PS2 games used a blue CD-ROM format). Sega looked into DVD technology during the Dreamcast's development but claimed it was too expensive.

The Dreamcast was the first video game console to ship with a built-in 56k modem, with broadband adapters being made available later on in certain regions. This allowed the system to connect to the internet using a custom, fully-functional web browser and e-mail client. Many games released for the Dreamcast shipped with online play modes, the most popular being Phantasy Star Online and the Sega Sports lineup (now published under the ESPN label). Although other consoles before the Dreamcast had network gaming support, such as the Sega Saturn's NetLink and the Sega Mega Drive's XB∀ND, the Dreamcast was the first game console to include this ability out of the box and is therefore considered the first internet-enabled home game system.

The Dreamcast has a modest hacking enthusiast community. The availability of Windows CE software development kits on the Internet—as well as ports of Linux (LinuxDC) and dreamcast NetBSD operating systems to the Dreamcast—gave programmers a selection of familiar development tools to work with, even though they do not really support the high speed graphics. A homebrew minimal operating system called Kallistios offers support for most hardware, while not offering multi-tasking, which is superfluous for games. Many emulators and other tools (MP3, DivX players, and image viewers) have been ported to or written for the console, taking advantage of the relative ease with which a home user can write a CD which is bootable by an unmodified Dreamcast.

Sega released an arcade board, using the same technology as the Dreamcast, called Sega NAOMI, leading to many Dreamcast-exclusive games with a high level of arcade quality. They later packaged the Dreamcast into an arcade board as the Atomiswave.

Models

Main article: Dreamcast consoles.

Japanese model
North American model
European model

Japanese Dreamcasts can be identified by the triangle at the front of the unit. Though the power LED is identical across all regions, the piece of plastic attached to the lid of the Japanese model is transparent, while in North America it is grey.

For a full list of special edition Dreamcasts, see Special Dreamcast Models.

Technical specifications

Processors

Main CPU: Hitachi SH-4 (RISC, 2‑way Superscalar) ^[4]^[5]
- Operating frequency: 200 MHz
- Units: 128‑bit SIMD vector unit with graphic functions, 64‑bit floating‑point unit, 32‑bit fixed‑point unit
- 128‑bit SIMD @ 200 MHz: Vector unit, geometry processor, graphic functions, DMA controller, interrupt controller ^[6]
- 128‑bit graphic computational engine: Calculates geometry and lighting of polygons, creates display lists of polygons for tiling, DMA allows SH4 access to VRAM and PowerVR2 access to Main RAM, store queue mechanism (allowing high‑speed packet transfers between Main RAM and VRAM) ^[7]
- Bus width: 128‑bit internal, 64‑bit external
- Bandwidth: 3.2 GB/s internal, 1.6 GB/s external
- Fixed‑point performance: 360 MIPS
- Floating‑point performance: 1.4 GFLOPS (7 MFLOPS per 16 MB/s)
- Geometry performance: More than 10 million polygons/sec, with lighting calculations (140 FLOPS per polygon)

Graphics

Graphical specifications of the Dreamcast: ^[8]^[7]^[9]

GPU: 2 core processors (SH‑4 SIMD, PowerVR2)
- Core units: 5 units (SH‑4 SIMD, 4 PowerVR2 cores)
GPU Geometry Processor: Hitachi SH‑4 SIMD @ 200 MHz
GPU Rasterizer: NEC‑VideoLogic PowerVR2 CLX2 (PVR2DC/HOLLY) @ 100 MHz
PowerVR2 Cores: Tile Accelerator (TA), Image Synthesis Processor (ISP), Texture & Shading Processor (TSP), RAMDAC
- TA: Tile renderer, partitions infinite strip polygon data, divides polygons into tiles, performs tile clipping, generates object lists, retrieves display lists from SH4 (through store queues and DMA), generates ISP/TSP parameters
- ISP: Rasterizer, depth‑sorting, RLE tile/polygon compression, parallel‑processing of tiles/polygons at high speeds (1 clock cycle per vector, 32 pixels per clock cycle)
- TSP: Shader and texture‑mapping unit, avoids shading/texturing overdrawn pixels/tiles and back‑facing polygons to maximize bandwidth for on‑screen pixels/tiles and front‑facing polygons
- RAMDAC: 230 MHz ^[10]
PowerVR2 Capabilities:
- Texture mapping: Perspective‑correct mipmapping, environment mapping, 1×1 to 2048×2048 texture sizes, VQ texture compression ^[11] (12.52% to 37.5% compression ratios), texture clamping/wrapping/mirroring, multi‑texturing, bump mapping (2‑pass), normal mapping (Dot3 bump mapping)
- Filtering: Point filtering, bilinear filtering,^[4] trilinear filtering, anisotropic filtering
- Anti‑aliasing: Super‑sampling anti‑aliasing (up to 4× SSAA), full‑scene anti‑aliasing (FSAA), edge anti‑aliasing
- Alpha blending: 256 levels of transparency, multi‑pass blending, per‑pixel translucency sorting
- Shading: Perspective‑correct ARGB Gouraud shading, flat shading, shadows
- Rendering: ROP (render output unit), 32‑bit floating‑point Z‑buffering (on‑chip), 256 fog effects, vertex fog. per‑pixel table fog, hardware clipping to viewport
- Lighting: Specular highlighting,^[12] per‑pixel lighting ^[13]
- Tiled rendering: Screen partitioning into 32×32 tiles, tile/strip/line buffer (framebuffer compression), each tile rendered in internal 32×32 buffer in register memory before being copied to main framebuffer, increases fillrate significantly ^[14]
- Deferred rendering: Hidden surface removal (32‑bit floating‑point), back‑face culling, culling of tiny polygons
- Polygons: Triangle polygons, quad polygons, sprite polygons, effective performance of more than 10 million polygons/sec (including overdrawn and back‑facing polygons), capable of drawing 7 million front‑facing polygons/sec on screen (geometry data storage for polygon models reduce VRAM available for textures), purely opaque polygons drawn at high speed (32 pixels per clock cycle) ^[4]
- GMV (general modifier volumes): Light beams, shadows, lasers, glowing suns ^[15]
Display Resolution: 320×240 to 800×608 pixels, interlaced and progressive scan, TV and VGA
- Internal resolution: 320×240 to 1600×1200 pixels ^[10]
Color Depth: 16‑bit RGB to 32‑bit ARGB, 65,536 colors (16‑bit color) to 16,777,216 colors (24‑bit color) with 8‑bit (256 levels) alpha blending, YUV and RGB color spaces, color key overlay ^[16]
Framebuffer:
- Full framebuffer: 320×240×16‑bit (150 KB) to 1600×1200×32‑bit (7500 KB)
- Strip/Tile buffer: 32×32×16‑bit (4 KB) to 32×1024×32‑bit (256 KB) ^[7]
Geometry Performance: 23 million vertices/sec (60 FLOPS per polygon) ^[17]
Polygon Geometry: Effective performance, including overdrawn and back‑facing polygons not drawn on screen
- 11 million polygons/sec (130 FLOPS per polygon)
- More than 10 million polygons/sec: Lighting (140 FLOPS per polygon) ^[4]
Rendered On‑Screen Polygons: Front‑facing polygons drawn on screen, not including overdrawn and back‑facing polygons (including them, effective performance is more than than 10 million polygons/sec) ^[4]^[18]
- 7 million polygons/sec: Lighting, textures, shadows,^[10] trilinear filtering ^[19]
- 6 million polygons/sec: Lighting, textures, trilinear filtering, Gouraud shading (243 FLOPS per polygon)
- 3.3 million polygons/sec: Lighting, textures, trilinear filtering, Gouraud shading, bump mapping (430 FLOPS per polygon) ^[20]
Rendering Fillrate: ^[4]^[7]
- 3.2 GPixels/s: Opaque polygons (32 pixels per clock cycle)
- 200–500 MPixels/s: Average fillrate ^[21]
- 100 MPixels/s: Translucent polygons with maximum hardware sort depth of 60 (1 pixel per clock cycle)
- 100 MPixels/s to 3.2 GPixels/s, depending on opacity/translucency of polygons (1–32 pixels per clock cycle) ^[9]
Texture Fillrate:
- 200–500 MTexels/s: Effective fillrate (including overdrawn and back‑facing textures)
- 100 MTexels/s: Front‑facing textures drawn on screen
VRAM: 8 MB (unified framebuffer/polygon/texture memory) ^[7]^[22]
- Framebuffer: 4 KB to 7500 KB
- Polygons: Up to 6511 KB (10 million polygons/sec, 32‑bit precision, 40 bytes per polygon)
- Textures: Up to 8188 KB (63.8 MB with maximum compression)
- Note: Main RAM can also be used to store textures and polygon display lists
Full Motion Video: MPEG decoding, video compression, 320×240 to 640×320 and 320×480 video resolutions, 3D polygons can be superimposed over FMV video ^[4]

Sound

Sound Card: Super Intelligent (Yamaha) Sound Processor with 47 MHz 32‑Bit RISC ARM7 CPU core built‑in (64 channel PCM/ADPCM)
- Sound engine: Yamaha AICA Super Intelligent Sound Processor @ 67 MHz ^[4]
- Internal CPU: 32‑bit ARM7 RISC CPU @ 45 MHz
- CPU performance: 40 MIPS ^[23]
- Features: DSP, sound synthesizer, MIDI,^[7] PCM sampling, ADPCM
PCM/ADPCM: 16‑bit depth, 48 kHz sampling rate (DVD quality), 64 channels ^[7]
Middleware: Audio compression, voice recognition ^[4]

Memory

System RAM: 26.125 MB
- Main RAM: 16 MB SDRAM (Hyundai HY57V161610D)
  - Can be used for storing textures and polygon display lists, accessible by SH4 and PowerVR2 (via SH4 DMA) ^[7]
- VRAM: 8 MB SDRAM (unified framebuffer/polygon/texture memory)
  - Accessible by Power VR2 and SH4 (via DMA and store queues)
- Sound RAM: 2 MB SDRAM
- GD-ROM buffer RAM: 128 KB ^[8]
System ROM: 2 MB ^[8]
Flash Memory: 128 KB ^[7]
Internal Processor Memory: 65,232 bytes (63.703 KB) ^[7]
- SH4: 26,178 bytes (8 KB instruction cache, 16 KB data cache, 64 bytes store queue cache,^[24] 1538 bytes registers)
- PowerVR2: 6274 bytes (128 bytes ISP cache, 1 KB texture cache, 509 bytes fog table, 4093 bytes palette RAM, 256 bytes FIFO buffer, 264 bytes registers)
- AICA: 32,780 bytes (32 KB sound registers, 8 bytes RTC registers,^[8] 4 bytes FIFO buffer)
GD-ROM Drive: 12× maximum speed (when running in Constant Angular Velocity mode) ^[8]^[7]
- Disc formats: GD‑ROM, CD‑ROM, CD‑DA, , Photo CD, Video CD, CD Extra, CD+G, CD+EG
- Storage capacity: 1 GB per GD‑ROM, 656 MB per CD‑ROM

Bandwidth

System RAM Bandwidth: 1.8 GB/s ^[8]
- SH4 <‑> Main RAM — 800 MB/s (64‑bit, 100 MHz)
- PVR2 <‑> VRAM — 800 MB/s (64‑bit, 100 MHz, 7 ns) ^[25]
- AICA <‑> Sound RAM — 132 MB/s (16‑bit, 66 MHz)
- SH4 <‑> GD‑ROM buffer — 13.3 MB/s (16‑bit)
System ROM Bandwidth: 20 MB/s (16‑bit, 10 MHz)
Internal Processor Memory Bandwidth: 2.7 GB/s
- SH4: 1.6 GB/s (64‑bit, 200 MHz)
- PowerVR2: 800 MB/s (64‑bit, 100 MHz)
- AICA: 256 MB/s (32‑bit, 67 MHz)
GD‑ROM Drive: 1.8 MB/s transfer rate, 250 milliseconds access time

BIOS

BIOS Revisions
BIOS Version	Machine	Download
1.004	Sega Dreamcast (Commercial-Early)	1.004 (Japan) ^(info) ("Jp_dc_1.004.7z" does not exist)
1.01d	Sega Dreamcast (Commercial)	1.01d (North America) ^(info) ("Us_dc_1.01d.zip" does not exist)
		1.01d (Europe) ^(info) ("Eu_dc_1.01d.zip" does not exist)
		1.01d (Japan) ^(info) ("Jp_dc_1.01d.zip" does not exist)
1.011	Sega Dreamcast (HKT-0120 Devbox)	1.011 (HKT-0120 Devbox) ^(info) ("Jp_dc_1.011(dev).7z" does not exist)

Other specifications

Operating Systems:
- Sega native operating system
- Custom Windows CE, with DirectX 6.0, Direct3D and OpenGL support
Inputs: Four ports that can support a digital and analog controller, steering wheel, joystick, keyboard, mouse, and more
Dimensions: 189mm x 195mm x 76mm (7 7/16" x 7 11/16" x 3")
Weight: 1.9kg (4.4lbs)
Modem: Removable; Original Asia/Japan model had a 33.6 Kbytes/s; models released after 9 September 1999 had a 56 Kbytes/s modem
Sega Dreamcast Broadband Adapter: these adapters are available separately and replace the removable modem
- HIT-400: "Broadband Adapter", the more common model, this used a RealTek 8139 chip and supported 10/100mbit
HIT-300: "Lan Adapter", this version used a Fujitsu MB86967 chip and supported only 10mbit
Storage: "Visual Memory Unit" (VMU) 128 Kb removable storage device
Input devices: (4 custom controller ports)
- Standard Dreamcast gamepad with two add‑on ports
  - Add-ons: VMU, 4x Memory Card, Jump Pack
- Sega Dreamcast Keyboard
- Sega Dreamcast Mouse
- Sega Dreamcast Fishing Controller
- Sega Dreamcast Microphone (bundled with Seaman)
- VMU MP3 Player (Unreleased)
- Swatch Access for Dreamcast (Unreleased)
Output devices:
- Sega Dreamcast RF Unit
- Sega Dreamcast AV cables (composite)
- Sega Dreamcast VGA Adapter
Add-ons:
- Sega Dreamcast Karaoke System (Japan only)
- Dreameye (Japan only)
- Sega Dreamcast Zip Drive (Unreleased)

History

Main article: History of the Sega Dreamcast.

Games

List of games

Main article: List of Dreamcast games.

Launch titles

Japan

North America

Europe

Blue Stinger
Dynamite Cop
Incoming
Millennium Soldier: Expendable
Monaco Grand Prix: Racing Simulation 2
Power Stone
Ready 2 Rumble Boxing
Sega Rally 2
Sonic Adventure
Tokyo Highway Challenge
Trick Style
Virtua Fighter 3tb

^[26]

Brazil

^[3]

Magazine articles

Main article: Sega Dreamcast/Magazine articles.

Promotional material

Print advertisements

Dreamcast US PrintAdvert.jpg

US (pre-launch 1)
Dreamcast US PrintAdvert 2.jpg

US (pre-launch 2)
Dreamcast US PrintAdvert 3.jpg

US (pre-launch 3)
Dreamcast US PrintAdvert 4.jpg

US (pre-launch 4)
DC UK PrintAdvert 2.jpg

UK (pre-launch)
DC UK PrintAdvert Rex.jpg

UK
DC DE PrintAdvert.jpg

DE (1)
DC DE PrintAdvert 2.jpg

DE (2)
Dreamcast BR PrintAdvert.jpg

BR (1)
Dreamcast BR PrintAdvert2.jpg

BR (2)
Dreamcast BR PrintAdvert3.jpg

BR (3)
UK (the British)
UK (the French)
UK (the Germans)
UK (the Spanish)
DCInternet DC FR PrintAdvert British.jpg

FR (the British)
DCInternet DC FR PrintAdvert Germans.jpg

FR (the Germans)
DCInternet DC FR PrintAdvert Spanish.jpg

FR (the Spanish)

Television advertisements

UK (launch)
UK (the British)
UK (the French)
UK (the Germans)
JP (Campaign)

Other advertisements

Artwork

Hardware diagrams

Logos

Japanese/North American logo
European/Australian logo

References

↑ File:CVG UK 216.pdf, page 52
↑ File:CVG UK 215.pdf, page 59
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 http://www.tectoy.com.br/unshock/prop.htm (Wayback Machine: 2000-03-03 16:07)
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 ^4.7 ^4.8 Sega Dreamcast: Implementation (IEEE) (Wayback Machine: 2000-08-23 20:47)
↑ File:SH-4 Software Manual.pdf
↑ File:SH-4 datasheet.pdf
↑ ^7.00 ^7.01 ^7.02 ^7.03 ^7.04 ^7.05 ^7.06 ^7.07 ^7.08 ^7.09 ^7.10 File:DreamcastDevBoxSystemArchitecture.pdf
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 ^8.5 File:Dreamcast Hardware Specification Outline.pdf
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 File:PowerVR2DCFeaturesUnderWindowsCE.pdf
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 http://segatech.com/technical/gpu/index.html
↑ Hideki Sato Sega Interview (Edge)
↑ Tiling Accelerator Notes
↑ Zombie Revenge (21 January 2000)
↑ PowerVR (Dreamcast Hardware)
↑ Dreamcast Comparison
↑ Neon 250 Specs & Features (Wayback Machine: 2007-08-11 10:20)
↑ Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice (Page 868)
↑ Floating-Point Calculations
↑ Vintage Game Consoles: An Inside Look at Apple, Atari, Commodore, Nintendo, and the Greatest Gaming Platforms of All Time (Page 277)
↑ File:PowerVR2DCFeaturesUnderWindowsCE.pdf, page 11
↑ File:Edge UK 067.pdf, page 11
↑ Polygon Calculations
↑ Dreamcast & Saturn Specifications
↑ File:SH-4 Software Manual.pdf, page 25
↑ File:Dreamcast Hardware Specification Outline.pdf, page 6
↑ File:DreamcastMagazine UK 03.pdf, page 7

83	84	85	86	88	90	91	93	94	98	06
Sega Home Video Game Systems
SG-1000	SG-1000 II			Mega Drive			Mega Drive II
SC-3000						Mega-CD	Mega-CD II		Genesis 3
		Sega Mark III						32X	Dreamcast
			Master System		Master System II
			AI Computer		Game Gear
								Saturn
							Pico			Beena

Sega Dreamcast
Topics	Technical specifications (Hardware comparison) \| History (Development \| Release \| Decline and legacy \| Internet) \| List of games \| Magazine articles \| Promotional material \| Merchandise
Hardware	Japan (Special) \| Western Europe \| Eastern Europe \| North America \| Asia \| South America \| Australasia \| Africa
Add-ons	Dreamcast Karaoke \| Dreameye
Controllers	Controller \| Arcade Stick \| Fishing Controller \| Gun (Dream Blaster) \| Race Controller \| Maracas Controller (Third-party) \| Twin Stick \| Keyboard \| Mouse \| Third-party
Controller Add-ons	Jump Pack (Third-party) \| Microphone \| VMU (4x Memory Card \| Third-party)
Development Hardware	Dev.Box \| Controller Box \| Controller Function Checker \| Sound Box \| GD-Writer \| C1/C2 Checker \| Dev.Cas \| GD-ROM Duplicator
Online Services/Add-ons	Dreamarena \| SegaNet \| WebTV for Dreamcast \| Modem \| Modular Cable \| Modular Extension Cable \| Broadband Adapter \| Dreamphone
Connector Cables	Onsei Setsuzoku Cable \| RF Adapter \| Scart Cable \| S Tanshi Cable \| Stereo AV Cable \| VGA Box Dreamcast MIDI Interface Cable \| Neo Geo Pocket/Dreamcast Setsuzoku Cable \| Taisen Cable
Misc. Hardware	Action Replay CDX \| Code Breaker \| Kiosk \| MP3 DC \| MP3 DC Audio Player \| Official Case \| Treamcast
Third-party accessories	Controllers \| Controller converters \| Miscellaneous
Unreleased Accessories	DVD Player \| Zip Drive \| Swatch Access for Dreamcast \| VMU MP3 Player
Arcade Variants	NAOMI \| Atomiswave \| Sega Aurora

[:File:CVG_UK_216.pdf_p52-1] File:CVG UK 216.pdf, page 52

[:File:CVG_UK_215.pdf_p59-2] File:CVG UK 215.pdf, page 59

[http:.2F.2Fweb.archive.org.2Fweb.2F20000303160725.2Fhttp:.2F.2Fwww.tectoy.com.br.2Funshock.2Fprop.htm-3] 3.0 ^3.1 http://www.tectoy.com.br/unshock/prop.htm (Wayback Machine: 2000-03-03 16:07)

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fweb.archive.org.2Fweb.2F20000823204755.2Fcomputer.org.2Fmicro.2Farticles.2Fdreamcast_2.htm_Sega_Dreamcast:_Implementation_.28IEEE.29.5D-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 ^4.7 ^4.8 Sega Dreamcast: Implementation (IEEE) (Wayback Machine: 2000-08-23 20:47)

[:File:SH-4_Software_Manual.pdf_p-5] File:SH-4 Software Manual.pdf

[:File:SH-4_datasheet.pdf_p-6] File:SH-4 datasheet.pdf

[:File:DreamcastDevBoxSystemArchitecture.pdf_p-7] 7.00 ^7.01 ^7.02 ^7.03 ^7.04 ^7.05 ^7.06 ^7.07 ^7.08 ^7.09 ^7.10 File:DreamcastDevBoxSystemArchitecture.pdf

[:File:Dreamcast_Hardware_Specification_Outline.pdf_p-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 ^8.5 File:Dreamcast Hardware Specification Outline.pdf

[:File:PowerVR2DCFeaturesUnderWindowsCE.pdf_p-9] 9.0 ^9.1 File:PowerVR2DCFeaturesUnderWindowsCE.pdf

[http:.2F.2Fsegatech.com.2Ftechnical.2Fgpu.2Findex.html-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 http://segatech.com/technical/gpu/index.html

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Ffarm6.staticflickr.com.2F5471.2F12172411045_18bfc5912f_c.jpg_Hideki_Sato_Sega_Interview_.28Edge.29.5D-11] Hideki Sato Sega Interview (Edge)

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fwww.ludd.luth.se.2F.7Ejlo.2Fdc.2Fta-intro.txt_Tiling_Accelerator_Notes.5D-12] Tiling Accelerator Notes

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fign.com.2Farticles.2F2000.2F01.2F22.2Fzombie-revenge-3_Zombie_Revenge_.2821_January_2000.29.5D-13] Zombie Revenge (21 January 2000)

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fmc.pp.se.2Fdc.2Fpvr.html_PowerVR_.28Dreamcast_Hardware.29.5D-14] PowerVR (Dreamcast Hardware)

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fwww.gamepilgrimage.com.2FDCPScompare.htm_Dreamcast_Comparison.5D-15] Dreamcast Comparison

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fweb.archive.org.2Fweb.2F20070811102018.2Fwww3.sharkyextreme.com.2Fhardware.2Freviews.2Fvideo.2Fneon250.2F2.shtml_Neon_250_Specs_.26_Features.5D-16] Neon 250 Specs & Features (Wayback Machine: 2007-08-11 10:20)

[.5Bhttps:.2F.2Fbooks.google.co.uk.2Fbooks.3Fid.3D-4ngT05gmAQC.26pg.3DPA868_Computer_Graphics:_Principles_and_Practice_.28Page_868.29.5D-17] Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice (Page 868)

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fwww.segatech.com.2Fgamecube.2Foverview.2F_Floating-Point_Calculations.5D-18] Floating-Point Calculations

[.5Bhttps:.2F.2Fbooks.google.co.uk.2Fbooks.3Fid.3DwZnpAgAAQBAJ.26pg.3DPA277_Vintage_Game_Consoles:_An_Inside_Look_at_Apple.2C_Atari.2C_Commodore.2C_Nintendo.2C_and_the_Greatest_Gaming_Platforms_of_All_Time_.28Page_277.29.5D-19] Vintage Game Consoles: An Inside Look at Apple, Atari, Commodore, Nintendo, and the Greatest Gaming Platforms of All Time (Page 277)

[:File:PowerVR2DCFeaturesUnderWindowsCE.pdf_p11-20] File:PowerVR2DCFeaturesUnderWindowsCE.pdf, page 11

[:File:Edge_UK_067.pdf_p11-21] File:Edge UK 067.pdf, page 11

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fsegatech.com.2Ftechnical.2Fconsolecompare2.2F_Polygon_Calculations.5D-22] Polygon Calculations

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fwww.segatech.com.2Ftechnical.2Fsaturnspecs.2F_Dreamcast_.26_Saturn_Specifications.5D-23] Dreamcast & Saturn Specifications

[:File:SH-4_Software_Manual.pdf_p25-24] File:SH-4 Software Manual.pdf, page 25

[:File:Dreamcast_Hardware_Specification_Outline.pdf_p6-25] File:Dreamcast Hardware Specification Outline.pdf, page 6

[:File:DreamcastMagazine_UK_03.pdf_p7-26] File:DreamcastMagazine UK 03.pdf, page 7

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

@@ Line 57: / Line 57: @@
 ===Models===
 {{MainArticle|Dreamcast consoles}}
 <gallery widths="250px" heights="160px">
 Dreamcast JP.jpg|Japanese model
@@ Line 68: / Line 69: @@
 ===Technical specifications===
-====CPU====
+====Processors====
 {{multicol|
-*CPU: [[Hitachi]] [[SuperH|SH-4]] ([[RISC]], 2&#8209;way [[wikipedia:Superscalar|Superscalar]]) {{ref|[http://web.archive.org/web/20000823204755/computer.org/micro/articles/dreamcast_2.htm Sega Dreamcast: Implementation (IEEE)]}}{{fileref|SH-4 Software Manual.pdf}}
+* Main CPU: [[Hitachi]] [[SuperH|SH-4]] ([[RISC]], 2&#8209;way [[wikipedia:Superscalar|Superscalar]]) {{ref|[http://web.archive.org/web/20000823204755/computer.org/micro/articles/dreamcast_2.htm Sega Dreamcast: Implementation (IEEE)]}}{{fileref|SH-4 Software Manual.pdf}}
-** Operating frequency: 200&nbsp;MHz
+** Operating frequency: 200 MHz
 ** Units: 128‑bit [[wikipedia:SIMD|SIMD]] vector unit with graphic functions, 64‑bit [[wikipedia:Floating-point unit|floating‑point unit]], 32‑bit fixed‑point unit
-** 128‑bit [[wikipedia:SIMD|SIMD]] @ 200&nbsp;MHz: Vector unit, geometry processor, graphic functions, [[wikipedia:Direct memory access|DMA]] controller, interrupt controller {{fileref|SH-4 datasheet.pdf}}
+** 128‑bit [[wikipedia:SIMD|SIMD]] @ 200 MHz: Vector unit, geometry processor, graphic functions, [[wikipedia:Direct memory access|DMA]] controller, interrupt controller {{fileref|SH-4 datasheet.pdf}}
 ** 128‑bit graphic computational engine: Calculates geometry and lighting of polygons, creates [[wikipedia:Display list|display lists]] of polygons for tiling, DMA allows SH4 access to VRAM and PowerVR2 access to Main RAM, store queue mechanism (allowing high‑speed packet transfers between Main RAM and VRAM) {{fileref|DreamcastDevBoxSystemArchitecture.pdf}}
 ** Bus width: 128‑bit internal, 64‑bit external
-** Bandwidth: 3.2&nbsp;GB/s internal, 1.6&nbsp;GB/s external
+** Bandwidth: 3.2 GB/s internal, 1.6 GB/s external
-** Fixed‑point performance: 360&nbsp;[[wikipedia:Instructions per second|MIPS]]
+** Fixed‑point performance: 360 [[wikipedia:Instructions per second|MIPS]]
-** Floating‑point performance: 1.4&nbsp;[[wikipedia:FLOPS|GFLOPS]] <small>(7&nbsp;MFLOPS per 16&nbsp;MB/s)</small>
+** Floating‑point performance: 1.4 [[wikipedia:FLOPS|GFLOPS]] <small>(7 MFLOPS per 16 MB/s)</small>
-** Geometry performance: More than 10&nbsp;million polygons/sec, with lighting calculations <small>(140&nbsp;FLOPS per polygon)</small>
+** Geometry performance: More than 10 million polygons/sec, with lighting calculations <small>(140 FLOPS per polygon)</small>
 }}
@@ Line 86: / Line 87: @@
 {{multicol|
-* GPU: 2&nbsp;core processors (SH‑4&nbsp;SIMD, PowerVR2)
+* GPU: 2 core processors (SH‑4 SIMD, PowerVR2)
-** Core units: 5&nbsp;units (SH‑4&nbsp;SIMD, 4 PowerVR2 cores)
+** Core units: 5 units (SH‑4 SIMD, 4 PowerVR2 cores)
-* GPU Geometry Processor: Hitachi SH‑4 SIMD @ 200&nbsp;MHz
+* GPU Geometry Processor: Hitachi SH‑4 SIMD @ 200 MHz
-* GPU Rasterizer: [[NEC]]‑[[wikipedia:Imagination Technologies|VideoLogic]] PowerVR2 CLX2 (PVR2DC/HOLLY) @ 100&nbsp;MHz
+* GPU Rasterizer: [[NEC]]‑[[wikipedia:Imagination Technologies|VideoLogic]] PowerVR2 CLX2 (PVR2DC/HOLLY) @ 100 MHz
 * PowerVR2 Cores: Tile Accelerator (TA), Image Synthesis Processor (ISP), Texture & Shading Processor (TSP), RAMDAC
 ** TA: Tile renderer, partitions infinite strip polygon data, divides polygons into tiles, performs tile clipping, generates object lists, retrieves display lists from SH4 (through store queues and DMA), generates ISP/TSP parameters
-** ISP: Rasterizer, depth‑sorting, [[wikipedia:Run-length encoding|RLE]] tile/polygon compression, parallel‑processing of tiles/polygons at high speeds <small>(1 clock cycle per vector, 32&nbsp;[[pixel]]s per clock cycle)</small>
+** ISP: Rasterizer, depth‑sorting, [[wikipedia:Run-length encoding|RLE]] tile/polygon compression, parallel‑processing of tiles/polygons at high speeds <small>(1 clock cycle per vector, 32 [[pixel]]s per clock cycle)</small>
 ** TSP: Shader and texture‑mapping unit, avoids shading/texturing overdrawn [[pixel]]s/tiles and back‑facing polygons to maximize bandwidth for on‑screen pixels/tiles and front‑facing polygons
-** [[wikipedia:RAMDAC|RAMDAC]]: 230&nbsp;MHz {{ref|http://segatech.com/technical/gpu/index.html}}
+** [[wikipedia:RAMDAC|RAMDAC]]: 230 MHz {{ref|http://segatech.com/technical/gpu/index.html}}
 * PowerVR2 Capabilities:
 ** [[wikipedia:Texture mapping|Texture mapping]]: [[wikipedia:Texture mapping#perspective correctiveness|Perspective‑correct]] [[wikipedia:Mipmap|mipmapping]], [[wikipedia:Environment mapping|environment mapping]], 1×1 to 2048×2048 texture sizes, [[wikipedia:Vector quantization|VQ]] [[wikipedia:Texture compression|texture compression]] {{ref|[http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5471/12172411045_18bfc5912f_c.jpg Hideki Sato Sega Interview (Edge)]}} (12.52% to 37.5% compression ratios), texture clamping/wrapping/mirroring, [[wikipedia:Multitexturing|multi‑texturing]], [[wikipedia:Bump mapping|bump mapping]] (2‑pass), [[wikipedia:Normal mapping|normal mapping]] (Dot3 bump mapping)
 ** [[wikipedia:Texture filtering|Filtering]]: [[wikipedia:Nearest-neighbor interpolation|Point filtering]], [[wikipedia:Bilinear filtering|bilinear filtering]],{{ref|[http://web.archive.org/web/20000823204755/computer.org/micro/articles/dreamcast_2.htm Sega Dreamcast: Implementation (IEEE)]}} [[wikipedia:Trilinear filtering|trilinear filtering]], [[wikipedia:Anisotropic filtering|anisotropic filtering]]
-** [[wikipedia:Spatial anti-aliasing|Anti‑aliasing]]: [[wikipedia:Supersampling|Super‑sampling anti‑aliasing]] (up to 4×&nbsp;SSAA), [[wikipedia:FSAA|full‑scene anti‑aliasing]] (FSAA), edge anti‑aliasing
+** [[wikipedia:Spatial anti-aliasing|Anti‑aliasing]]: [[wikipedia:Supersampling|Super‑sampling anti‑aliasing]] (up to 4× SSAA), [[wikipedia:FSAA|full‑scene anti‑aliasing]] (FSAA), edge anti‑aliasing
 ** [[wikipedia:Alpha blending|Alpha blending]]: 256 levels of transparency, multi‑pass blending, per‑pixel translucency sorting
 ** [[wikipedia:Shading|Shading]]: Perspective‑correct ARGB [[Gouraud shading]], flat shading, [[wikipedia:Shadow mapping|shadows]]
@@ Line 105: / Line 106: @@
 ** [[wikipedia:Tiled rendering|Tiled rendering]]: Screen partitioning into 32×32 tiles, tile/strip/line buffer (framebuffer compression), each tile rendered in internal 32×32 buffer in register memory before being copied to main framebuffer, increases [[fillrate]] significantly {{ref|[http://mc.pp.se/dc/pvr.html PowerVR (Dreamcast Hardware)]}}
 ** [[wikipedia:Deferred shading|Deferred rendering]]: [[wikipedia:Hidden surface determination|Hidden surface removal]] (32‑bit floating‑point), [[wikipedia:Back-face culling|back‑face culling]], culling of tiny polygons
-** Polygons: [[wikipedia:Triangle mesh|Triangle polygons]], [[wikipedia:Polygon mesh|quad polygons]], [[sprite]] polygons, effective performance of more than 10&nbsp;million polygons/sec (including overdrawn and back‑facing polygons), capable of drawing 7&nbsp;million front‑facing polygons/sec on screen (geometry data storage for polygon models reduce VRAM available for textures), purely opaque polygons drawn at high speed <small>(32&nbsp;pixels per clock cycle)</small> {{ref|[http://web.archive.org/web/20000823204755/computer.org/micro/articles/dreamcast_2.htm Sega Dreamcast: Implementation (IEEE)]}}
+** Polygons: [[wikipedia:Triangle mesh|Triangle polygons]], [[wikipedia:Polygon mesh|quad polygons]], [[sprite]] polygons, effective performance of more than 10 million polygons/sec (including overdrawn and back‑facing polygons), capable of drawing 7 million front‑facing polygons/sec on screen (geometry data storage for polygon models reduce VRAM available for textures), purely opaque polygons drawn at high speed <small>(32 pixels per clock cycle)</small> {{ref|[http://web.archive.org/web/20000823204755/computer.org/micro/articles/dreamcast_2.htm Sega Dreamcast: Implementation (IEEE)]}}
 ** GMV (general modifier volumes): Light beams, shadows, lasers, glowing suns {{ref|[http://www.gamepilgrimage.com/DCPScompare.htm Dreamcast Comparison]}}
 * Display [[Resolution]]: 320×240 to 800×608 [[pixel]]s, interlaced and progressive scan, TV and [[Dreamcast VGA Adapter|VGA]]
 ** Internal resolution: 320×240 to 1600×1200 pixels {{ref|http://segatech.com/technical/gpu/index.html}}
-* Color Depth: 16‑bit RGB to 32‑bit [[wikipedia:RGBA color space|ARGB]], 65,536&nbsp;colors (16‑bit color) to 16,777,216&nbsp;colors ([[wikipedia:24-bit color|24‑bit color]]) with 8‑bit (256&nbsp;levels) [[wikipedia:Alpha compositing|alpha blending]], [[wikipedia:YUV|YUV]] and [[wikipedia:RGB color space|RGB color spaces]], [[wikipedia:Chroma key|color key]] overlay {{ref|[http://web.archive.org/web/20070811102018/www3.sharkyextreme.com/hardware/reviews/video/neon250/2.shtml Neon 250 Specs & Features]}}
+* Color Depth: 16‑bit RGB to 32‑bit [[wikipedia:RGBA color space|ARGB]], 65,536 colors (16‑bit color) to 16,777,216 colors ([[wikipedia:24-bit color|24‑bit color]]) with 8‑bit (256 levels) [[wikipedia:Alpha compositing|alpha blending]], [[wikipedia:YUV|YUV]] and [[wikipedia:RGB color space|RGB color spaces]], [[wikipedia:Chroma key|color key]] overlay {{ref|[http://web.archive.org/web/20070811102018/www3.sharkyextreme.com/hardware/reviews/video/neon250/2.shtml Neon 250 Specs & Features]}}
 * [[wikipedia:Framebuffer|Framebuffer]]:
-** Full framebuffer: 320×240×16‑bit (150&nbsp;KB) to 1600×1200×32‑bit (7500&nbsp;KB)
+** Full framebuffer: 320×240×16‑bit (150 KB) to 1600×1200×32‑bit (7500 KB)
-** Strip/Tile buffer: 32×32×16‑bit (4&nbsp;KB) to 32×1024×32‑bit (256&nbsp;KB) {{fileref|DreamcastDevBoxSystemArchitecture.pdf}}
+** Strip/Tile buffer: 32×32×16‑bit (4 KB) to 32×1024×32‑bit (256 KB) {{fileref|DreamcastDevBoxSystemArchitecture.pdf}}
-* Geometry Performance: 23&nbsp;million vertices/sec <small>(60&nbsp;FLOPS per polygon)</small> {{ref|1=[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-4ngT05gmAQC&pg=PA868 Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice (Page 868)]}}
+* Geometry Performance: 23 million vertices/sec <small>(60 FLOPS per polygon)</small> {{ref|1=[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-4ngT05gmAQC&pg=PA868 Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice (Page 868)]}}
 * Polygon Geometry: Effective performance, including overdrawn and back‑facing polygons not drawn on screen
-** 11&nbsp;million polygons/sec <small>([[Sega NAOMI 2#Technical Specifications|130&nbsp;FLOPS]] per polygon)</small>
+** 11 million polygons/sec <small>([[Sega NAOMI 2#Technical Specifications|130 FLOPS]] per polygon)</small>
-** More than 10&nbsp;million polygons/sec: Lighting <small>(140&nbsp;FLOPS per polygon)</small> {{ref|[http://web.archive.org/web/20000823204755/computer.org/micro/articles/dreamcast_2.htm Sega Dreamcast: Implementation (IEEE)]}}
+** More than 10 million polygons/sec: Lighting <small>(140 FLOPS per polygon)</small> {{ref|[http://web.archive.org/web/20000823204755/computer.org/micro/articles/dreamcast_2.htm Sega Dreamcast: Implementation (IEEE)]}}
-* Rendered On‑Screen Polygons: Front‑facing polygons drawn on screen, not including overdrawn and back‑facing polygons <small>(including them, effective performance is more than than 10&nbsp;million polygons/sec)</small> {{ref|[http://web.archive.org/web/20000823204755/computer.org/micro/articles/dreamcast_2.htm Sega Dreamcast: Implementation (IEEE)]}}{{ref|[http://www.segatech.com/gamecube/overview/ Floating-Point Calculations]}}
+* Rendered On‑Screen Polygons: Front‑facing polygons drawn on screen, not including overdrawn and back‑facing polygons <small>(including them, effective performance is more than than 10 million polygons/sec)</small> {{ref|[http://web.archive.org/web/20000823204755/computer.org/micro/articles/dreamcast_2.htm Sega Dreamcast: Implementation (IEEE)]}}{{ref|[http://www.segatech.com/gamecube/overview/ Floating-Point Calculations]}}
-** 7&nbsp;million polygons/sec: Lighting, textures, shadows,{{ref|http://segatech.com/technical/gpu/index.html}} trilinear&nbsp;filtering {{ref|1=[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wZnpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA277 Vintage Game Consoles: An Inside Look at Apple, Atari, Commodore, Nintendo, and the Greatest Gaming Platforms of All Time (Page 277)]}}
+** 7 million polygons/sec: Lighting, textures, shadows,{{ref|http://segatech.com/technical/gpu/index.html}} trilinear filtering {{ref|1=[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wZnpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA277 Vintage Game Consoles: An Inside Look at Apple, Atari, Commodore, Nintendo, and the Greatest Gaming Platforms of All Time (Page 277)]}}
-** 6&nbsp;million polygons/sec: Lighting, textures, trilinear&nbsp;filtering, Gouraud&nbsp;shading <small>(243&nbsp;FLOPS per polygon)</small>
+** 6 million polygons/sec: Lighting, textures, trilinear filtering, Gouraud shading <small>(243 FLOPS per polygon)</small>
-** 3.3&nbsp;million polygons/sec: Lighting, textures, trilinear&nbsp;filtering, Gouraud&nbsp;shading, bump&nbsp;mapping <small>(430&nbsp;FLOPS per polygon)</small> {{fileref|PowerVR2DCFeaturesUnderWindowsCE.pdf|page=11}}
+** 3.3 million polygons/sec: Lighting, textures, trilinear filtering, Gouraud shading, bump mapping <small>(430 FLOPS per polygon)</small> {{fileref|PowerVR2DCFeaturesUnderWindowsCE.pdf|page=11}}
 * Rendering [[Fillrate]]: {{ref|[http://web.archive.org/web/20000823204755/computer.org/micro/articles/dreamcast_2.htm Sega Dreamcast: Implementation (IEEE)]}}{{fileref|DreamcastDevBoxSystemArchitecture.pdf}}
-** 3.2&nbsp;[[Pixel|GPixels/s]]: Opaque polygons <small>(32&nbsp;pixels per clock cycle)</small>
+** 3.2 [[Pixel|GPixels/s]]: Opaque polygons <small>(32 pixels per clock cycle)</small>
 ** 200–500 [[Pixel|MPixels/s]]: Average fillrate {{fileref|Edge UK 067.pdf|page=11}}
-** 100&nbsp;MPixels/s: Translucent polygons with maximum hardware sort depth of 60 <small>(1&nbsp;pixel per clock cycle)</small>
+** 100 MPixels/s: Translucent polygons with maximum hardware sort depth of 60 <small>(1 pixel per clock cycle)</small>
-** 100&nbsp;MPixels/s to 3.2&nbsp;GPixels/s, depending on opacity/translucency of polygons <small>(1–32 pixels per clock cycle)</small> {{fileref|PowerVR2DCFeaturesUnderWindowsCE.pdf}}
+** 100 MPixels/s to 3.2 GPixels/s, depending on opacity/translucency of polygons <small>(1–32 pixels per clock cycle)</small> {{fileref|PowerVR2DCFeaturesUnderWindowsCE.pdf}}
 * Texture Fillrate:
 ** 200–500 [[Texel|MTexels/s]]: Effective fillrate (including overdrawn and back‑facing textures)
-** 100&nbsp;MTexels/s: Front‑facing textures drawn on screen
+** 100 MTexels/s: Front‑facing textures drawn on screen
-* [[VRAM]]: 8&nbsp;MB (unified framebuffer/polygon/texture memory) {{fileref|DreamcastDevBoxSystemArchitecture.pdf}}{{ref|[http://segatech.com/technical/consolecompare2/ Polygon Calculations]}}
+* [[VRAM]]: 8 MB (unified framebuffer/polygon/texture memory) {{fileref|DreamcastDevBoxSystemArchitecture.pdf}}{{ref|[http://segatech.com/technical/consolecompare2/ Polygon Calculations]}}
-** Framebuffer: 4&nbsp;KB to 7500&nbsp;KB
+** Framebuffer: 4 KB to 7500 KB
-** Polygons: Up to 6511&nbsp;KB (10&nbsp;million polygons/sec, 32‑bit precision, 40&nbsp;bytes per polygon)
+** Polygons: Up to 6511 KB (10 million polygons/sec, 32‑bit precision, 40 bytes per polygon)
-** Textures: Up to 8188&nbsp;KB (63.8&nbsp;MB with maximum compression)
+** Textures: Up to 8188 KB (63.8 MB with maximum compression)
 ** Note: Main RAM can also be used to store textures and polygon display lists
 * Full Motion Video: MPEG decoding, video compression, 320×240 to 640×320 and 320×480 video resolutions, 3D polygons can be superimposed over FMV video {{ref|[http://web.archive.org/web/20000823204755/computer.org/micro/articles/dreamcast_2.htm Sega Dreamcast: Implementation (IEEE)]}}
@@ Line 139: / Line 140: @@
 ====Sound====
 {{multicol|
-*Sound Card: Super Intelligent ([[Yamaha]]) Sound Processor with 47&nbsp;MHz 32&#8209;Bit [[RISC]] ARM7 CPU core built‑in (64&nbsp;channel PCM/ADPCM)
+*Sound Card: Super Intelligent ([[Yamaha]]) Sound Processor with 47 MHz 32&#8209;Bit [[RISC]] ARM7 CPU core built‑in (64 channel PCM/ADPCM)
-** [[wikipedia:Sound chip|Sound engine]]: [[Yamaha Super Intelligent Sound Processor|Yamaha AICA Super Intelligent Sound Processor]] @ 67&nbsp;MHz {{ref|[http://web.archive.org/web/20000823204755/computer.org/micro/articles/dreamcast_2.htm Sega Dreamcast: Implementation (IEEE)]}}
+** [[wikipedia:Sound chip|Sound engine]]: [[Yamaha Super Intelligent Sound Processor|Yamaha AICA Super Intelligent Sound Processor]] @ 67 MHz {{ref|[http://web.archive.org/web/20000823204755/computer.org/micro/articles/dreamcast_2.htm Sega Dreamcast: Implementation (IEEE)]}}
-** Internal CPU: 32&#8209;bit [[wikipedia:ARM7|ARM7]] RISC CPU @ 45&nbsp;MHz
+** Internal CPU: 32&#8209;bit [[wikipedia:ARM7|ARM7]] RISC CPU @ 45 MHz
 ** CPU performance: 40 MIPS {{ref|[http://www.segatech.com/technical/saturnspecs/ Dreamcast & Saturn Specifications]}}
 ** Features: DSP, sound [[wikipedia:Synthesizer|synthesizer]], [[MIDI]],{{fileref|DreamcastDevBoxSystemArchitecture.pdf}} PCM sampling, ADPCM
-* [[Pulse-code modulation|PCM/ADPCM]]: 16&#8209;bit [[wikipedia:Audio bit depth|depth]], 48&nbsp;kHz [[wikipedia:Sampling rate|sampling rate]] ([[wikipedia:DVD-Audio|DVD quality]]), 64&nbsp;channels {{fileref|DreamcastDevBoxSystemArchitecture.pdf}}
+* [[Pulse-code modulation|PCM/ADPCM]]: 16&#8209;bit [[wikipedia:Audio bit depth|depth]], 48 kHz [[wikipedia:Sampling rate|sampling rate]] ([[wikipedia:DVD-Audio|DVD quality]]), 64 channels {{fileref|DreamcastDevBoxSystemArchitecture.pdf}}
 * Middleware: Audio compression, voice recognition {{ref|[http://web.archive.org/web/20000823204755/computer.org/micro/articles/dreamcast_2.htm Sega Dreamcast: Implementation (IEEE)]}}
 }}
@@ Line 150: / Line 151: @@
 ====Memory====
 {{multicol|
-* System [[RAM]]: 26.125&nbsp;[[Byte|MB]]
+* System [[RAM]]: 26.125 [[Byte|MB]]
-** Main RAM: 16&nbsp;MB SDRAM ([[:file:HY57V161610D datasheet.pdf|Hyundai HY57V161610D]])
+** Main RAM: 16 MB SDRAM ([[:file:HY57V161610D datasheet.pdf|Hyundai HY57V161610D]])
 *** Can be used for storing textures and polygon display lists, accessible by SH4 and PowerVR2 (via SH4 DMA) {{fileref|DreamcastDevBoxSystemArchitecture.pdf}}
-** [[VRAM]]: 8&nbsp;MB SDRAM (unified framebuffer/polygon/texture memory)
+** [[VRAM]]: 8 MB SDRAM (unified framebuffer/polygon/texture memory)
 *** Accessible by Power VR2 and SH4 (via DMA and store queues)
-** Sound RAM: 2&nbsp;MB SDRAM
+** Sound RAM: 2 MB SDRAM
-** [[GD-ROM]] buffer RAM: 128&nbsp;KB {{fileref|Dreamcast Hardware Specification Outline.pdf}}
+** [[GD-ROM]] buffer RAM: 128 KB {{fileref|Dreamcast Hardware Specification Outline.pdf}}
-* System [[ROM]]: 2&nbsp;MB {{fileref|Dreamcast Hardware Specification Outline.pdf}}
+* System [[ROM]]: 2 MB {{fileref|Dreamcast Hardware Specification Outline.pdf}}
-* Flash Memory: 128&nbsp;KB {{fileref|DreamcastDevBoxSystemArchitecture.pdf}}
+* Flash Memory: 128 KB {{fileref|DreamcastDevBoxSystemArchitecture.pdf}}
-* Internal Processor Memory: 65,232&nbsp;[[byte]]s (63.703&nbsp;KB) {{fileref|DreamcastDevBoxSystemArchitecture.pdf}}
+* Internal Processor Memory: 65,232 [[byte]]s (63.703 KB) {{fileref|DreamcastDevBoxSystemArchitecture.pdf}}
-** SH4: 26,178&nbsp;bytes (8&nbsp;KB instruction cache, 16&nbsp;KB data cache, 64&nbsp;bytes store queue cache,{{fileref|SH-4 Software Manual.pdf|page=25}} 1538&nbsp;bytes registers)
+** SH4: 26,178 bytes (8 KB instruction cache, 16 KB data cache, 64 bytes store queue cache,{{fileref|SH-4 Software Manual.pdf|page=25}} 1538 bytes registers)
-** PowerVR2: 6274&nbsp;bytes (128&nbsp;bytes ISP cache, 1&nbsp;KB texture cache, 509&nbsp;bytes fog table, 4093&nbsp;bytes palette RAM, 256&nbsp;bytes FIFO buffer, 264&nbsp;bytes registers)
+** PowerVR2: 6274 bytes (128 bytes ISP cache, 1 KB texture cache, 509 bytes fog table, 4093 bytes palette RAM, 256 bytes FIFO buffer, 264 bytes registers)
-** AICA: 32,780&nbsp;bytes (32&nbsp;KB sound registers, 8&nbsp;bytes RTC registers,{{fileref|Dreamcast Hardware Specification Outline.pdf}} 4&nbsp;bytes FIFO buffer)
+** AICA: 32,780 bytes (32 KB sound registers, 8 bytes RTC registers,{{fileref|Dreamcast Hardware Specification Outline.pdf}} 4 bytes FIFO buffer)
 * [[GD-ROM]] Drive: 12× maximum speed (when running in Constant Angular Velocity mode) {{fileref|Dreamcast Hardware Specification Outline.pdf}}{{fileref|DreamcastDevBoxSystemArchitecture.pdf}}
 ** Disc formats: GD&#8209;ROM, CD&#8209;ROM, CD&#8209;DA, , Photo CD, Video CD, CD Extra, CD+G, CD+EG
-** Storage capacity: 1&nbsp;GB per GD&#8209;ROM, 656&nbsp;MB per CD&#8209;ROM
+** Storage capacity: 1 GB per GD&#8209;ROM, 656 MB per CD&#8209;ROM
 }}
 =====Bandwidth=====
 {{multicol|
-* System RAM Bandwidth: 1.8&nbsp;[[Byte|GB]]/s {{fileref|Dreamcast Hardware Specification Outline.pdf}}
+* System RAM Bandwidth: 1.8 [[Byte|GB]]/s {{fileref|Dreamcast Hardware Specification Outline.pdf}}
-** SH4 <‑> Main RAM — 800&nbsp;MB/s <small>(64‑bit, 100&nbsp;MHz)</small>
+** SH4 <‑> Main RAM — 800 MB/s <small>(64‑bit, 100 MHz)</small>
-** PVR2 <‑> VRAM  — 800&nbsp;MB/s <small>(64‑bit, 100&nbsp;MHz, 7&nbsp;[[wikipedia:Nanosecond|ns]])</small> {{fileref|Dreamcast Hardware Specification Outline.pdf|page=6}}
+** PVR2 <‑> VRAM  — 800 MB/s <small>(64‑bit, 100 MHz, 7 [[wikipedia:Nanosecond|ns]])</small> {{fileref|Dreamcast Hardware Specification Outline.pdf|page=6}}
-** AICA <‑> Sound RAM — 132&nbsp;MB/s <small>(16‑bit, 66&nbsp;MHz)</small>
+** AICA <‑> Sound RAM — 132 MB/s <small>(16‑bit, 66 MHz)</small>
-** SH4 <‑> GD‑ROM buffer — 13.3&nbsp;MB/s <small>(16‑bit)</small>
+** SH4 <‑> GD‑ROM buffer — 13.3 MB/s <small>(16‑bit)</small>
-* System ROM Bandwidth: 20&nbsp;MB/s <small>(16‑bit, 10&nbsp;MHz)</small>
+* System ROM Bandwidth: 20 MB/s <small>(16‑bit, 10 MHz)</small>
-* Internal Processor Memory Bandwidth: 2.7&nbsp;GB/s
+* Internal Processor Memory Bandwidth: 2.7 GB/s
-** SH4: 1.6&nbsp;GB/s <small>(64‑bit, 200&nbsp;MHz)</small>
+** SH4: 1.6 GB/s <small>(64‑bit, 200 MHz)</small>
-** PowerVR2: 800&nbsp;MB/s <small>(64‑bit, 100&nbsp;MHz)</small>
+** PowerVR2: 800 MB/s <small>(64‑bit, 100 MHz)</small>
-** AICA: 256&nbsp;MB/s <small>(32‑bit, 67&nbsp;MHz)</small>
+** AICA: 256 MB/s <small>(32‑bit, 67 MHz)</small>
-* GD‑ROM Drive: 1.8&nbsp;MB/s transfer rate, 250&nbsp;milliseconds access time
+* GD‑ROM Drive: 1.8 MB/s transfer rate, 250 milliseconds access time
 }}
@@ Line 216: / Line 217: @@
 * Dimensions: 189mm x 195mm x 76mm (7 7/16" x 7 11/16" x 3")
 * Weight: 1.9kg (4.4lbs)
-* Modem: Removable; Original Asia/Japan model had a 33.6&nbsp;Kbytes/s; models released after 9 September 1999 had a 56 Kbytes/s modem
+* Modem: Removable; Original Asia/Japan model had a 33.6 Kbytes/s; models released after 9 September 1999 had a 56 Kbytes/s modem
 *[[Sega Dreamcast Broadband Adapter]]: these adapters are available separately and replace the removable modem
 ** HIT-400: "Broadband Adapter", the more common model, this used a RealTek 8139 chip and supported 10/100mbit
 * HIT-300: "Lan Adapter", this version used a Fujitsu MB86967 chip and supported only 10mbit
-*Storage: "Visual Memory Unit" ([[VMU]]) 128&nbsp;Kb removable storage device
+*Storage: "Visual Memory Unit" ([[VMU]]) 128 Kb removable storage device
 *Input devices: (4 custom controller ports)
 **[[Dreamcast Controller|Standard Dreamcast gamepad]] with two add‑on ports
@@ Line 244: / Line 245: @@
 ==Games==
+===List of games===
 {{MainArticle|List of Dreamcast games}}