Difference between revisions of "VCO Object"

From Sega Retro
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===VCO Object===
 
===VCO Object===
 
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−
* Board composition: CPU Board, Sound Board, P-ROM Board{{fileref|Turbo Schematics.pdf}}{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp}}
+
* Board composition: CPU Board, Sound Board, P-ROM Board{{fileref|Turbo Schematics.pdf}}{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp Sega Z80-3D system (MAME)]}}
 
* [[wikipedia:Central processing unit|CPU]]: [[Zilog Z80]] @ 5 MHz (8/16-bit instructions, 0.725 [[wikipedia:Instructions per second|MIPS]])
 
* [[wikipedia:Central processing unit|CPU]]: [[Zilog Z80]] @ 5 MHz (8/16-bit instructions, 0.725 [[wikipedia:Instructions per second|MIPS]])
 
* [[wikipedia:Sound card|Sound board]]: Sega Sound Board
 
* [[wikipedia:Sound card|Sound board]]: Sega Sound Board
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====Graphics====
 
====Graphics====
 
{{multicol|
 
{{multicol|
−
* Graphics chipset:{{ref|1=[http://www.basementarcade.com/arcade/library/manuals/t/turbo.pdf#page=106 Turbo: Operating Instructions and Service Manual (page 103)]}}
+
* Graphics chipset:{{ref|1=[http://www.basementarcade.com/arcade/library/manuals/t/turbo.pdf#page=106 Turbo: Operating Instructions and Service Manual (page 106)]}}
 
** 315-0138: Custom Chip PA-06R ([[wikipedia:Programmable array logic|PAL16R4MJ]])
 
** 315-0138: Custom Chip PA-06R ([[wikipedia:Programmable array logic|PAL16R4MJ]])
 
** 315-0139: Custom Chip PA-06L (PAL16L8MJ)
 
** 315-0139: Custom Chip PA-06L (PAL16L8MJ)
 
** Video scaling hardware: 8× Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCOs){{ref|1=[http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=690 Sega VCO Object Hardware (System 16)]}}
 
** Video scaling hardware: 8× Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCOs){{ref|1=[http://www.system16.com/hardware.php?id=690 Sega VCO Object Hardware (System 16)]}}
−
* Video resolution:{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp}}{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/includes/turbo.h}}
+
* Video clock rate: 9.984 MHz{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/includes/turbo.h Sega Z80-3D system (data) (MAME)}}
−
** Standard resolution:
+
** Pixel clock rate: 4.992 MHz{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp Sega Z80-3D system (MAME)]}}
−
*** Horizontal: 256×224 (display), 320×264 (overscan)
+
* Video resolution:{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp Sega Z80-3D system (MAME)]}}
−
*** Vertical: 224×256 (display), 264×320 (overscan)
+
** Horizontal: 256×224 (display), 320×264 (overscan)
−
** Analog scaling resolution:
+
** Vertical: 224×256 (display), 264×320 (overscan)
−
*** Horizontal: 512×224 (display), 640×264 (overscan)
+
* Analog scaling resolution:{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/includes/turbo.h}}
−
*** Vertical: [[wikipedia:480p|224×512]] (display), [[wikipedia:576p|264×640]] (overscan)
+
** Horizontal: 512×224 (display), 640×264 (overscan)
−
* [[wikipedia:Refresh rate|Refresh rate]]: 60 Hz ([[wikipedia:V-sync|V-sync]]){{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp}}
+
** Vertical: [[wikipedia:480p|224×512]] (display), [[wikipedia:576p|264×640]] (overscan)
−
** [[wikipedia:Frame rate|Frame rate]]: 60 frames per second
+
* [[wikipedia:Refresh rate|Refresh rate]]: 59.090909 Hz ([[wikipedia:V-sync|V-sync]]){{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp Sega Z80-3D system (MAME)]}}
−
* [[Palette|Color palette]]: 832{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp}}
+
** [[wikipedia:Frame rate|Frame rate]]: 59.090909 frames per second
 +
* [[Palette|Color palette]]: 832{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp Sega Z80-3D system (MAME)]}}
 
** [[wikipedia:Color depth|Colors on screen]]: 256
 
** [[wikipedia:Color depth|Colors on screen]]: 256
 
* Background planes:
 
* Background planes:
−
** [[wikipedia:Tile engine|Tilemap]] layer: 8×8 [[pixel]] tiles, 4 colors per tile, [[wikipedia:Scrolling|scrolling]], tile flipping{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp}}
+
** [[wikipedia:Tile engine|Tilemap]] layer: 8×8 [[pixel]] tiles, 4 colors per tile, [[wikipedia:Scrolling|scrolling]], tile flipping{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp Sega Z80-3D system (MAME)]}}
−
** [[wikipedia:Bitmap|Bitmap]] layer{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/turbo.cpp}}
+
** [[wikipedia:Bitmap|Bitmap]] layer{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/turbo.cpp Sega Z80-3D system (video hardware) (MAME)]}}
−
* [[Sprite]] capabilities: Pseudo-3D [http://www.giantbomb.com/sprite-scaling/3015-7122/ sprite-scaling] (analog scaling), [[wikipedia:Framebuffer|line buffer]], 64 sprites on screen, 16 sprites per [[wikipedia:Scan line|scanline]], 4 to 8 colors per sprite{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/turbo.cpp}}{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp}}
+
* [[Sprite]] capabilities: Pseudo-3D [http://www.giantbomb.com/sprite-scaling/3015-7122/ sprite-scaling] (analog scaling), [[wikipedia:Framebuffer|line buffer]], 64 sprites on screen, 16 sprites per [[wikipedia:Scan line|scanline]], 4 to 8 colors per sprite{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/turbo.cpp Sega Z80-3D system (video hardware) (MAME)]}}{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp Sega Z80-3D system (MAME)]}}
−
** Pixel clock cycles: 4.992 MHz (standard) to 9.984 MHz (scaling){{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/includes/turbo.h}}
+
** Sprite sizes: 8×8 to 16×16 [[texel]]s
−
** [[wikipedia:Fillrate|Fillrate]]: 4.992 million (standard) to 9.984 million (scaling) pixels/texels per second, 83,200 (standard) to 166,400 (scaling) pixels/texels per frame
+
** [[Fillrate]]: 4.992 [[Pixel|MPixels/s]] (84,480 [[pixel]]s per frame)
−
** [[wikipedia:Texel (graphics)|Sprite pixels/texels]] per scanline: 315 (standard) to 630 (scaling)
+
** Sprites per scanline: 16 sprites, 322 texels
 
}}
 
}}
  
 
====Memory====
 
====Memory====
 
{{multicol|
 
{{multicol|
−
* [[RAM]]: 12 [[Byte|KB]]{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp}}
+
* [[RAM]]: 12 [[Byte|KB]]{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp Sega Z80-3D system (MAME)]}}
 
** Main RAM: 4.25 KB (2 KB main, 2 KB analog reset, 256 [[byte]]s input)
 
** Main RAM: 4.25 KB (2 KB main, 2 KB analog reset, 256 [[byte]]s input)
 
** [[VRAM]]: 7.75 KB (2 KB video, 256 bytes sprite line buffer, 1 KB sprite position, 2 KB characters, 512 bytes collision, 2 KB collision clear)
 
** [[VRAM]]: 7.75 KB (2 KB video, 256 bytes sprite line buffer, 1 KB sprite position, 2 KB characters, 512 bytes collision, 2 KB collision clear)
−
* [[ROM]]: 153.90625 KB{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp}}{{ref|[http://mamedb.com/game/turbo Turbo (MAME)]}}
+
* [[ROM]]: 153.90625 KB{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp Sega Z80-3D system (MAME)]}}{{ref|[http://mamedb.com/game/turbo Turbo (MAME)]}}
 
** Main ROM: 24 KB main
 
** Main ROM: 24 KB main
−
** VROM: 129.875 KB
+
** [[VRAM|VROM]]: 129.875 KB
 
** Sound ROM: 32 bytes
 
** Sound ROM: 32 bytes
−
* RAM [[Byte|bandwidth]]: 3.333333 [[Byte|MB/s]] ([[Fujitsu]] MB8128 [[SRAM]], 8-bit, 3.333333 MHz, 300 ns){{fileref|Turbo Schematics.pdf|page=19}}{{ref|[http://www.datasheetspdf.com/PDF/MB8128/501365/1 MB8128 Datasheet]}}
+
* [[Byte|Bandwidth]]:{{fileref|Turbo Schematics.pdf|page=19}}{{ref|1=[http://www.basementarcade.com/arcade/library/manuals/t/turbo.pdf#page=106 Turbo: Operating Instructions and Service Manual (page 106)]}}
−
* ROM bandwidth: 5 MB/s ([[EPROM]], 8-bit, 5 MHz){{fileref|Turbo Schematics.pdf|page=19}}
+
** RAM: 3.333333 [[Byte|MB/s]] ([[Fujitsu]] MB8128 [[SRAM]], 8-bit, 3.333333 MHz, 300 ns){{ref|[http://www.datasheetspdf.com/PDF/MB8128/501365/1 MB8128 Datasheet]}}
−
** Main ROM: 5 MB/s (2764, 8-bit, 5 MHz, 200 ns){{ref|[http://www.cnic.ro/ed/ic/NTE2764.pdf NTE2764 Datasheet]}}
+
** ROM: 5 MB/s ([[EPROM]], 8-bit, 5 MHz, 200 ns){{ref|[http://www.cnic.ro/ed/ic/NTE2764.pdf NTE2764 Datasheet]}}
−
** VROM: 2.222222 MB/s (2716, 8-bit, 2.222222 MHz, 450 ns){{ref|[http://ee-classes.usc.edu/ee459/library/datasheets/2716.pdf M2716 Datasheet]}}
 
 
}}
 
}}
  
 
===''SubRoc-3D''===
 
===''SubRoc-3D''===
−
''[[SubRoc-3D]]'' featured the following hardware changes and upgrades in mid-1982:{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp}}
+
''[[SubRoc-3D]]'' featured the following hardware changes and upgrades in mid-1982:{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp Sega Z80-3D system (MAME)]}}
  
 
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===''Zoom''===
 
===''Zoom''===
−
''[[Zoom 909]]'' and ''[[Buck Rogers: Planet of Zoom]]'' featured the following hardware upgrades in late 1982:{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp}}
+
''[[Zoom 909]]'' and ''[[Buck Rogers: Planet of Zoom]]'' featured the following hardware upgrades in late 1982:{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/turbo.cpp Sega Z80-3D system (MAME)]}}
  
 
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Revision as of 02:02, 16 October 2016

Notavailable.svg
VCO Object
Manufacturer: Sega
Release Date RRP Code

VCO Object arcade hardware was used by Sega for a brief period between 1981 and 1983. It was Sega's second attempt at creating hardware specifically designed for sprite scaling (after the Sega Fonz hardware in 1976), something that would be widely used in the Super Scaler series of arcade hardware (Sega Hang-On, Sega OutRun, X Board, Y Board, System 32), and a handful of Sega System boards in between.

The hardware debuted with the release of Turbo, and is also known as the Turbo Hardware because of this. It is also known as the Sega Z80-3D system.[1]

All VCO Object games rely on external LED displays for parts of the HUD. This means extra precautions must be taken when attempting to emulate VCO Object games.

Hardware

It was the first system specifically designed for pseudo-3D sprite-scaling graphics, using an analog scaling technique, with Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCOs) generating clock signals controlling the data fetched from the sprite/object ROM; the slower the clock signal, the larger the sprite on screen.[2]

In 1982, SubRoc-3D also introduced an active shutter 3D system, jointly developed by Sega with Matsushita (now Panasonic).[3]

Technical Specifications

VCO Object

Graphics

Memory

  • RAM: 12 KB[5]
    • Main RAM: 4.25 KB (2 KB main, 2 KB analog reset, 256 bytes input)
    • VRAM: 7.75 KB (2 KB video, 256 bytes sprite line buffer, 1 KB sprite position, 2 KB characters, 512 bytes collision, 2 KB collision clear)
  • ROM: 153.90625 KB[5][10]
    • Main ROM: 24 KB main
    • VROM: 129.875 KB
    • Sound ROM: 32 bytes
  • Bandwidth:[11][6]

SubRoc-3D

SubRoc-3D featured the following hardware changes and upgrades in mid-1982:[5]

  • RAM: 14.75 KB
    • Main: 6.25 KB (2 KB main, 2 KB analog reset, 256 bytes input, 2 KB handle)
    • Video: 8.5 KB (2 KB video, 1 KB sprite line buffer, 1 KB sprite position, 2 KB characters, 512 bytes collision, 2 KB collision clear)
  • Frame rate: 30 frames per second
  • Color palette: 768
  • Stereoscopic 3D: Sega-Matsushita active shutter 3D system

Zoom

Zoom 909 and Buck Rogers: Planet of Zoom featured the following hardware upgrades in late 1982:[5]

  • Board composition: CPU board, Sound board, ROM board
  • CPU: 2x Z80 @ 5 MHz (1.45 MIPS)
    • Zilog Z80 @ 5 MHz
    • Sega 315-5014 (Z80) @ 5 MHz
  • RAM: 104 KB (96 KB DRAM, 8 KB high-speed SRAM)
    • Main: 39.5 KB (2 KB main, 2 KB analog reset, 256 bytes input, 2 KB handle, 2 KB CPU 2 mirror, 31.25 KB other)
    • Video: 64.5 KB (2 KB video, 1 KB sprite line buffer, 1 KB sprite position, 2 KB characters, 512 bytes collision, 2 KB collision clear, 56 KB bitmap)
  • Frame rate: 60 frames per second
  • Color palette: 1536
    • Colors on screen: 1024

List of VCO Object Games

Only three games make use of VCO Object hardware:

References

  1. ↑ https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/turbo.cpp
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sega VCO Object Hardware (System 16)
  3. ↑ Subroc-3D, The Arcade Flyer Museum
  4. ↑ File:Turbo Schematics.pdf
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 Sega Z80-3D system (MAME)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Turbo: Operating Instructions and Service Manual (page 106)
  7. ↑ [https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/includes/turbo.h Sega Z80-3D system (data) (MAME)
  8. ↑ https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/includes/turbo.h
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Sega Z80-3D system (video hardware) (MAME)
  10. ↑ Turbo (MAME)
  11. ↑ File:Turbo Schematics.pdf, page 19
  12. ↑ MB8128 Datasheet
  13. ↑ NTE2764 Datasheet


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