Difference between revisions of "Sega Model 1"

Revision as of 15:36, 9 September 2016

Sega Model 1

Manufacturer: Sega

Release	Date	RRP	Code

The Sega Model 1 is an arcade system board that was released by Sega in 1992. It is the successor to the Sega System 32 (released in 1990), and was succeeded by the Sega Model 2 (released in 1993). While earlier Sega hardware was capable of handling 3D polygons (such as the Mega Drive, released in 1988), the Model 1 was Sega's first hardware specifically designed for 3D polygon graphics.

Originally, the Model 1 was simply known as the CG Board, but was retroactively given the Model 1 name after work on the Model 2 began.

Hardware

It began development in 1990,^[1] with Yu Suzuki's Sega AM2 team involved in its development from the drawing board.^[2] The Model 1 was intended to compete with Namco's System 21; Namco was then the market leader in polygonal 3D video games, with titles such as Galaxian³ and Starblade.^[3] The Model 1 was eventually released in 1992, debuting with Virtua Racing. While it was a significant improvement over the System 21, the Model 1 hardware was expensive, and only a few games were developed for the platform.

Contrary to popular opinion, Lockheed Martin was not involved with the development of the Model 1, but it was developed internally at Sega, before Lockheed Martin became involved with the development of the Sega Model 2, according to former Lockheed Martin employee, Real3D's Jon Lenyo, in 1998.^[1]

According to Yu Suzuki:^[4]

“	dedicated 3D processors didn’t exist yet, and so I had to manually write a 3D graphics engine that would compress and process things faster. Just using assembly language. Now, of course, everyone writes in C++, but back then there was no other choice than machine code, otherwise we wouldn't be able to make everything fast enough.	„
— Yu Suzuki

Technical Specifications

Technical specifications for Sega Model 1 hardware:^[5]

Board composition: Main Board, Video Board, Memory Board, I/O Board, Communication Board, Sound Board, Motor Board, Audio Mix Board, Amp Board
- Board revisions: CPU Board 837‑8886171‑6298C (40 MHz), Video PCB 837‑7894 (36 MHz), Memory Board 837‑7893, I/O PCB 837‑8950‑01 (32 MHz), Motor PCB SJ25‑0155‑01 (8 MHz), Communication Board 837‑8842, Sound Board 837‑8679 (20 MHz), Audio Mix PCB 839‑0542, Amp PCB 838‑10018
Main CPU: NEC V60 @ 16 MHz^[6]^[7]
- Fixed‑point arithmetic: 32‑bit RISC instructions @ 3.5 MIPS
- Floating‑point unit: 32‑bit & 64‑bit operations @ 16 MFLOPS
- Bus width: 32‑bit
Additional CPU: 3× Zilog Z80 @ 4 MHz (8‑bit & 16‑bit instructions @ 1.74 MIPS)
- CPU for I/O Board, Comm Board and Motor Board
DMA controllers: Fujitsu MB89237A DMAC, Fujitsu MB89374 Data Link Controller^[8]^[9]

Sound

Sound CPU: Toshiba TMP68000N‑10 (68000) @ 12 MHz
Sound chips: 2× Sega 315‑5560 Custom MultiPCM
- Audio capabilities: 28 PCM channels per chip (one for music, one for sound effects), 56 PCM channels total
Sound timer: Yamaha YM3834 @ 8 MHz

Graphics

Graphical capabilities of the Sega Model 1:^[10]

GPU: 5× Fujitsu TGP MB86233 DSP, Sega 837‑7894 171‑6080D Video PCB
GPU Geometrizer coprocessors: 5× Fujitsu TGP MB86233 DSP @ 16 MHz^[11]^[12]
- Coprocessor abilities: Floating decimal point operation function, axis rotation operation function, 3D matrix operation function, ALU, DMA controller, T&L (transform, clipping, lighting)^[13]
- Fixed‑point arithmetic: 32‑bit instructions @ 80 MIPS (16 MIPS each)
- Floating‑point unit: 32‑bit operations @ 80 MFLOPS (16 MFLOPS each)
- Bus width: 32‑bit
- DSP coprocessors located on Main Board
GPU Video Board: Sega 837‑7894 171‑6080D Video PCB @ 36 MHz
- Sega Custom rasterizer chipset: 315‑5422 (31 MHz), 315‑5423 (31 MHz), 315‑5424 (36 MHz), 315‑5425 (36 MHz)
- Sega System 24 tilemap engine: 315‑5292 tilemap generator (32 MHz)^[14]
Display resolution: 496×384 pixels, 24 kHz H‑Sync, progressive scan (non‑interlaced)
- Overscan resolution: 656×496 pixels
Color palette: 16,777,216 (16‑bit color, 256 luminance levels),^[10] 65,536 (16‑bit color)
Graphical capabilities: Shading, flat shading, diffuse reflection, specular reflection, 2 layers of background scrolling, alpha blending, alpha channel, lighting^[10]
Geometric performance:
- 540,000 vectors/sec
- 180,000 polygons/sec, with all effects
Rendering fillrate: 68 MPixels/s
- Polygon fillrate: 36 MPixels/s
- Tilemap fillrate: 32 MPixels/s

Memory

Memory: Up to 39,166 KB (7008 KB main, 23,646 KB video, 8512 KB audio)
System RAM: 2776 KB (1896 KB high‑speed SRAM)
- Main RAM: 480 KB (at least 156 KB SRAM)
  - Main Board: 324 KB (320 KB main, 4 KB comm)
  - Comm Board: 12 KB SRAM (8 KB SRAM, 4 KB Dual‑Port SRAM)^[15]^[16]
  - Other boards: 144 KB SRAM (128 KB Memory Board, 8 KB I/O Board, 8 KB Motor Board)
- VRAM: 2232 KB (at least 1464 KB SRAM)
  - Main Board: 768 KB (128 KB display lists, 576 KB tiles, 64 KB color)
  - Video Board: 1464 KB SRAM
- Audio RAM: 64 KB (16 KB SRAM)
Internal DSP cache: 30 KB (6 KB per DSP)^[12]
System ROM: 1 MB EPROM (768 KB Memory Board, 64 KB I/O Board, 64 KB Motor Board, 128 KB Comm Board)
Game ROM: Up to 35,336 KB (5504 KB main EPROM/MROM, 21,384 KB video MROM,^[17] 8.25 MB audio MROM)^[18]

Bandwidth

System RAM bandwidth: 654.224 MB/sec
- Main RAM: 76 MB/sec
  - V60: 64 MB/sec (32‑bit, 16 MHz)^[19]
  - Z80: 12 MB/sec (3× 8‑bit, 4 MHz)^[20]^[21]^[16]
- VRAM: 558.223776 MB/sec
  - DSP: 320 MB/sec (5× 32‑bit, 16 MHz)^[19]
  - Video Board: 238.223776 MB/sec
    - 315‑5422 & 315‑5292: 30.769232 MB/sec (2× 16‑bit, 7.692308 MHz)^[22]
    - 315‑5423: 62 MB/sec (16‑bit, 31 MHz)^[19]
    - 315‑5424 & 315‑5425: 145.454544 MB/sec (2× 32‑bit, 18.181818 MHz)^[23]
- Audio RAM: 20 MB/sec (16‑bit, 10 MHz)^[20]
Internal processor bandwidth: 384 MB/sec
- V60: 64 MB/sec (32‑bit, 16 MHz)
- DSP cache: 320 MB/sec (5× 32‑bit, 16 MHz)
System ROM bandwidth: 64 MB/sec (32‑bit, 16 MHz)^[24]
Game ROM bandwidth: 211 MB/sec (3× 32‑bit)
- EPROM: 64 MB/sec (32‑bit, 16 MHz)^[24]
- MROM: 147 MB/sec (2× 32‑bit, 20 MHz & 16.666667 MHz, 50/60 ns)^[25]^[26]

List of Sega Model 1 games

Virtua Racing (1992)
Star Wars Arcade (1993)
Virtua Fighter (1993)
Wing War (1994)
Dennou Senki Net Merc (1995)

Gallery

Unit
Amplifier PCB
Communication PCB
CPU
Input/Output PCB
Sound PCB
Video PCB

References

Sega arcade boards
Originating in arcades
77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 VIC Dual G80 Zaxxon VCO Object System 1 LaserDisc Appoooh Hang-On System 2 System 16 OutRun Gigas X Board Y Board System 24 System 18 System 32 Model 1 Model 2 H1 Board Model 3
Console-based hardware
84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 SG-1000 System E System C Mega-Tech System Mega Play Sega Titan Video NAOMI Hikaru NAOMI 2 Atomiswave System SP Chihiro Triforce
PC-based hardware
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Lindbergh Europa-R RingEdge RingWide RingEdge 2 Nu Nu 1.1 Nu 2 ALLS

[http:.2F.2Fwww.thg.ru.2Fsmoke.2F19991022.2Fprint.html-1] 1.0 ^1.1 http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html

[http:.2F.2Fwww.1up.com.2Ffeatures.2Fdisappearance-suzuki-part-1-2] ttp://www.1up.com/features/disappearance-suzuki-part-1

[:File:MeanMachinesSega19UK.pdf_p51-3] File:MeanMachinesSega19UK.pdf, page 51

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fwww.shenmuedojo.net.2Fforum.2Fviewtopic.php.3Ft.3D46577_Yu_Suzuki_Interview.5D.2C_.27.27.5B.5Bwikipedia:Strana_Igr.7CStrana_Igr.5D.5D.27.27.2C_November_2013-4] Yu Suzuki Interview, Strana Igr, November 2013

[https:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fmamedev.2Fmame.2Fblob.2Fmaster.2Fsrc.2Fmame.2Fdrivers.2Fmodel1.cpp-5] ttps://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp

[:File:Overview_of_32-bit_V-Series_Microprocessor.pdf_p-6] File:Overview of 32-bit V-Series Microprocessor.pdf

[:File:UPD70616ProgrammersReferenceManual.pdf_p-7] File:UPD70616ProgrammersReferenceManual.pdf

[:File:MB89396_datasheet.pdf_p-8] File:MB89396 datasheet.pdf

[:File:MB89374_datasheet.pdf_p-9] File:MB89374 datasheet.pdf

[https:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fmamedev.2Fmame.2Fblob.2Fmaster.2Fsrc.2Fmame.2Fvideo.2Fmodel1.cpp-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/model1.cpp

[http:.2F.2Fmembers.iinet.net.au.2F.7Elantra9jp1.2Fgurudumps.2Fm2status.2Findex.html-11] ttp://members.iinet.net.au/~lantra9jp1/gurudumps/m2status/index.html

[:File:MB86232_datasheet.pdf_p-12] 12.0 ^12.1 File:MB86232 datasheet.pdf

[http:.2F.2Fwiki.mamedev.org.2Findex.php.2FTGP:Index-13] ttp://wiki.mamedev.org/index.php/TGP:Index

[.5Bhttps:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fbji.2Flibmame.2Fblob.2Fmaster.2Fold.2Fsrc.2Fmame.2Fvideo.2Fsegaic16.c_Sega_16.E2.80.91Bit_Common_Hardware.5D.2C_.5B.5BMAME.5D.5D-14] Sega 16‑Bit Common Hardware, MAME

[:File:MB8421_datasheet.pdf_p-15] File:MB8421 datasheet.pdf

[:File:MB8431_datasheet.pdf_p-16] 16.0 ^16.1 File:MB8431 datasheet.pdf

[http:.2F.2Fmamedb.com.2Fgame.2Fvformula-17] ttp://mamedb.com/game/vformula

[http:.2F.2Fmamedb.com.2Fgame.2Fvf-18] ttp://mamedb.com/game/vf

[:File:M5M5178AP_datasheet.pdf_p-19] 19.0 ^19.1 ^19.2 File:M5M5178AP datasheet.pdf

[:File:MB8464A_datasheet.pdf_p-20] 20.0 ^20.1 File:MB8464A datasheet.pdf

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fwww.alldatasheet.com.2Fdatasheet-pdf.2Fpdf.2F120631.2FFUJITSU.2FMB8432.html_MB8432_Datasheet.5D.2C_.5B.5BFujitsu.5D.5D-21] MB8432 Datasheet, Fujitsu

[:File:HM658128A_datasheet.pdf_p-22] File:HM658128A datasheet.pdf

[:File:HM65256B_datasheet.pdf_p-23] File:HM65256B datasheet.pdf

[:File:HN27C1024_datasheet.pdf_p-24] 24.0 ^24.1 File:HN27C1024 datasheet.pdf

[:File:MB8316200B_datasheet.pdf_p-25] File:MB8316200B datasheet.pdf

[:File:MB834000_datasheet.pdf_p-26] File:MB834000 datasheet.pdf

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[26]

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 | arcade_code_jp=[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp 837-8886171]
 | arcade_date_eu=1992
-| arcade_rrp_uk=6,000 {{fileref|MeanMachinesSega26UK.pdf|page=18}}
+| arcade_rrp_uk=6,000{{fileref|MeanMachinesSega26UK.pdf|page=18}}
 | arcade_code_eu=837-8886171
 | arcade_date_world=1992
@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 * Board composition: Main Board, Video Board, Memory Board, I/O Board, Communication Board, Sound Board, Motor Board, Audio Mix Board, Amp Board
 ** Board revisions: CPU Board 837‑8886171‑6298C (40&nbsp;MHz), Video PCB 837‑7894 (36&nbsp;MHz), Memory Board 837‑7893, I/O PCB 837‑8950‑01 (32&nbsp;MHz), Motor PCB SJ25‑0155‑01 (8&nbsp;MHz), Communication Board 837‑8842, Sound Board 837‑8679 (20&nbsp;MHz), Audio Mix PCB 839‑0542, Amp PCB 838‑10018
-* Main [[wikipedia:Central processing unit|CPU]]: [[NEC]] [[wikipedia:NEC V60|V60]] @ 16&nbsp;MHz {{fileref|Overview of 32-bit V-Series Microprocessor.pdf}}{{fileref|UPD70616ProgrammersReferenceManual.pdf}}
+* Main [[wikipedia:Central processing unit|CPU]]: [[NEC]] [[wikipedia:NEC V60|V60]] @ 16&nbsp;MHz{{fileref|Overview of 32-bit V-Series Microprocessor.pdf}}{{fileref|UPD70616ProgrammersReferenceManual.pdf}}
 ** [[wikipedia:Fixed-point arithmetic|Fixed‑point arithmetic]]: 32‑bit [[wikipedia:Reduced instruction set computing|RISC]] [[wikipedia:Instruction set|instructions]] @ 3.5&nbsp;[[wikipedia:Instructions per second|MIPS]]
 ** [[wikipedia:Floating‑point unit|Floating‑point unit]]: [[wikipedia:Single-precision floating‑point format|32‑bit]] & [[wikipedia:Double-precision floating‑point format|64‑bit operations]] @ 16&nbsp;MFLOPS
@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 * Additional CPU: 3×&nbsp;[[Zilog Z80]] @ 4&nbsp;MHz (8‑bit & 16‑bit instructions @ 1.74&nbsp;MIPS)
 ** CPU for I/O Board, Comm Board and Motor Board
-* [[wikipedia:Direct memory access|DMA]] controllers: Fujitsu MB89237A DMAC, [[Fujitsu]] MB89374 Data Link Controller {{fileref|MB89396 datasheet.pdf}}{{fileref|MB89374 datasheet.pdf}}
+* [[wikipedia:Direct memory access|DMA]] controllers: Fujitsu MB89237A DMAC, [[Fujitsu]] MB89374 Data Link Controller{{fileref|MB89396 datasheet.pdf}}{{fileref|MB89374 datasheet.pdf}}
 }}
@@ Line 84: / Line 84: @@
 ** Main RAM: 480&nbsp;KB (at least 156&nbsp;KB SRAM)
 *** Main Board: 324&nbsp;KB (320&nbsp;KB main, 4&nbsp;KB comm)
-*** Comm Board: 12&nbsp;KB SRAM (8&nbsp;KB SRAM, 4&nbsp;KB [[wikipedia:Dual‑ported RAM|Dual‑Port]] SRAM) {{fileref|MB8421 datasheet.pdf}}{{fileref|MB8431 datasheet.pdf}}
+*** Comm Board: 12&nbsp;KB SRAM (8&nbsp;KB SRAM, 4&nbsp;KB [[wikipedia:Dual‑ported RAM|Dual‑Port]] SRAM){{fileref|MB8421 datasheet.pdf}}{{fileref|MB8431 datasheet.pdf}}
 *** Other boards: 144&nbsp;KB [[SRAM]] (128&nbsp;KB Memory Board, 8&nbsp;KB I/O Board, 8&nbsp;KB Motor Board)
 ** [[VRAM]]: 2232&nbsp;KB (at least 1464&nbsp;KB SRAM)
@@ Line 90: / Line 90: @@
 *** Video Board: 1464&nbsp;KB SRAM
 ** Audio RAM: 64&nbsp;KB (16&nbsp;KB SRAM)
-* Internal DSP [[wikipedia:Cache (computing)|cache]]: 30&nbsp;KB (6&nbsp;KB per DSP) {{fileref|MB86232 datasheet.pdf}}
+* Internal DSP [[wikipedia:Cache (computing)|cache]]: 30&nbsp;KB (6&nbsp;KB per DSP){{fileref|MB86232 datasheet.pdf}}
 * System [[ROM]]: 1&nbsp;[[Byte|MB]] [[EPROM]] (768&nbsp;KB Memory Board, 64&nbsp;KB I/O Board, 64&nbsp;KB Motor Board, 128&nbsp;KB Comm Board)
 * Game ROM: Up to 35,336&nbsp;KB (5504&nbsp;KB main EPROM/[[wikipedia:Mask ROM|MROM]], 21,384&nbsp;KB video MROM,{{ref|http://mamedb.com/game/vformula}} 8.25&nbsp;MB audio MROM){{ref|http://mamedb.com/game/vf}}
@@ Line 99: / Line 99: @@
 * System RAM bandwidth: 654.224&nbsp;MB/sec
 ** Main RAM: 76&nbsp;MB/sec
-*** V60: 64&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(32‑bit, 16&nbsp;MHz)</small> {{fileref|M5M5178AP datasheet.pdf}}
+*** V60: 64&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(32‑bit, 16&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|M5M5178AP datasheet.pdf}}
-*** Z80: 12&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(3×&nbsp;8‑bit, 4&nbsp;MHz)</small> {{fileref|MB8464A datasheet.pdf}}{{ref|[http://www.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/pdf/120631/FUJITSU/MB8432.html MB8432 Datasheet], [[Fujitsu]]}}{{fileref|MB8431 datasheet.pdf}}
+*** Z80: 12&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(3×&nbsp;8‑bit, 4&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|MB8464A datasheet.pdf}}{{ref|[http://www.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/pdf/120631/FUJITSU/MB8432.html MB8432 Datasheet], [[Fujitsu]]}}{{fileref|MB8431 datasheet.pdf}}
 ** VRAM: 558.223776&nbsp;MB/sec
-*** DSP: 320&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(5×&nbsp;32‑bit, 16&nbsp;MHz)</small> {{fileref|M5M5178AP datasheet.pdf}}
+*** DSP: 320&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(5×&nbsp;32‑bit, 16&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|M5M5178AP datasheet.pdf}}
 *** Video Board: 238.223776&nbsp;MB/sec
-**** 315‑5422 & 315‑5292: 30.769232&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(2×&nbsp;16‑bit, 7.692308&nbsp;MHz)</small> {{fileref|HM658128A datasheet.pdf}}
+**** 315‑5422 & 315‑5292: 30.769232&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(2×&nbsp;16‑bit, 7.692308&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|HM658128A datasheet.pdf}}
-**** 315‑5423: 62&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(16‑bit, 31&nbsp;MHz)</small> {{fileref|M5M5178AP datasheet.pdf}}
+**** 315‑5423: 62&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(16‑bit, 31&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|M5M5178AP datasheet.pdf}}
-**** 315‑5424 & 315‑5425: 145.454544&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(2×&nbsp;32‑bit, 18.181818&nbsp;MHz)</small> {{fileref|HM65256B datasheet.pdf}}
+**** 315‑5424 & 315‑5425: 145.454544&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(2×&nbsp;32‑bit, 18.181818&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|HM65256B datasheet.pdf}}
-** Audio RAM: 20&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(16‑bit, 10&nbsp;MHz)</small> {{fileref|MB8464A datasheet.pdf}}
+** Audio RAM: 20&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(16‑bit, 10&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|MB8464A datasheet.pdf}}
 * Internal processor bandwidth: 384&nbsp;MB/sec
 ** V60: 64&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(32‑bit, 16&nbsp;MHz)</small>
 ** DSP cache: 320&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(5×&nbsp;32‑bit, 16&nbsp;MHz)</small>
-* System ROM bandwidth: 64&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(32‑bit, 16&nbsp;MHz)</small> {{fileref|HN27C1024 datasheet.pdf}}
+* System ROM bandwidth: 64&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(32‑bit, 16&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|HN27C1024 datasheet.pdf}}
 * Game ROM bandwidth: 211&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(3×&nbsp;32‑bit)</small>
-** EPROM: 64&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(32‑bit, 16&nbsp;MHz)</small> {{fileref|HN27C1024 datasheet.pdf}}
+** EPROM: 64&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(32‑bit, 16&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|HN27C1024 datasheet.pdf}}
-** MROM: 147&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(2×&nbsp;32‑bit, 20&nbsp;MHz & 16.666667&nbsp;MHz, 50/60&nbsp;[[wikipedia:Nanosecond|ns]])</small> {{fileref|MB8316200B datasheet.pdf}}{{fileref|MB834000 datasheet.pdf}}
+** MROM: 147&nbsp;MB/sec <small>(2×&nbsp;32‑bit, 20&nbsp;MHz & 16.666667&nbsp;MHz, 50/60&nbsp;[[wikipedia:Nanosecond|ns]])</small>{{fileref|MB8316200B datasheet.pdf}}{{fileref|MB834000 datasheet.pdf}}
 }}