Difference between revisions of "TradeMark Security System"

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The '''TradeMark Security System''' ('''TMSS''') was a feature of [[Sega Mega Drive]] motherboards ensuring games which were unlicensed by [[Sega]] (and thus not receiving the [[Sega Seal of Quality]], which was attainable through a fee paid to Sega) were not playable. Though TMSS was not produced in whole until late 1992/early 1993, the necessary code was in programmer documentation as far back as 1989. Some early games that did not implement TMSS in full consequently did not work in newer board revisions.
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The '''TradeMark Security System''' ('''TMSS''') was a feature of [[Sega Mega Drive]] motherboards.
  
TMSS works by simply requiring instances of the SEGA trademark to appear in various memory locations (see below). Should an unlicensed game appear on the market, Sega could exert its rights over the SEGA trademark and sue the developer for trademark infringement.
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Evidence suggests TMSS was originally intended as a region lockout system for the Mega Drive to keep Japanese games from running on foreign systems: the only games that intentionally omitted TMSS support were many early Japanese games (and two later ones); the few international games that omitted support did so due to development issues. Sega's official developer manual also refers to the system as the "US security code". However, this notion appears to have been dropped quickly, as early international models lack the feature and Japanese ROMs started shipping TMSS-compliant in mid-1989 (though the Sega Channel BIOS is an anomaly). It is unknown whether any Japanese Mega Drive models have TMSS.
  
The legality of this system was challenged in the United States by [[Accolade]] in the court case [[SEGA vs. Accolade]], which ruled in Accolade's favor. The verdict set a precedent that copyrights do not extend to non-expressive content in software that is required by another system to be present in order for that system to run the software. While the system was never challenged elsewhere, Sega did not enforce it after the Accolade case, and consequently [[:Category:Unlicensed Mega Drive Games|several unlicensed game developers started popping up]].
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In the US, it was eventually used to ensure games which were unlicensed by [[Sega]] (and thus not receiving the [[Sega Seal of Quality]], which was attainable through a fee paid to Sega) were not playable. Though TMSS was not produced in whole until late 1992/early 1993, the necessary code was in programmer documentation as far back as 1989. Some early games that did not implement TMSS in full consequently did not work in newer board revisions.
 +
 
 +
TMSS works by simply requiring instances of the SEGA trademark to appear in various memory locations (see below). Should an unlicensed game appear on the market, Sega could exert its rights over the SEGA trademark and sue the developer for trademark infringement.
 +
 
 +
The legality of this system was challenged in the United States by [[Accolade]] in the court case [[SEGA vs. Accolade]], which ruled in Accolade's favor. The verdict set a precedent that copyrights do not extend to non-expressive content in software that is required by another system to be present in order for that system to run the software. While the system was never challenged elsewhere, Sega did not enforce it after the Accolade case, and consequently [[:Category:Unlicensed Mega Drive games|several unlicensed game developers started popping up]].
  
 
In order for software to run on a Mega Drive/Genesis with a TMSS built in, the software must do two things:
 
In order for software to run on a Mega Drive/Genesis with a TMSS built in, the software must do two things:
* have either the longword whose bytes represent ASCII string "SEGA" in big endian at ROM address $100 or the five bytes " SEGA" at the same address — this is checked by the TMSS ROM and is the source of the "Produced By or Under License From Sega Enterprises Ltd." message. All official games are known to have this.
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# have either the longword whose bytes represent ASCII string "SEGA" in big endian at ROM address $100 OR the five bytes " SEGA" at the same address — this is checked by the TMSS ROM and is the source of the "Produced By or Under License From Sega Enterprises Ltd." message.
* write a long word containing "SEGA" (all caps) to address $A14000 a short time after the [[Motorola 68000]] resets. If the game fails to do this, the next [[VDP]] data port access will cause the 68000 to lock up — this is done by some unknown chip, most likely the VDP. This step is what the games listed below fail to do.
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# write a long word containing "SEGA" (all caps) to address $A14000 before accessing the [[VDP (Mega Drive)|VDP]] data port ($C00000). If the game fails to do this, the next VDP data port access will cause the 68000 to lock up — this is done by the I/O controller.
** The sample code in the official programmer documentation has this part skipped on boards that report themselves as revision 0; the effect of doing this write on a revision 0 board is unknown.
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#* The sample code in the official programmer documentation has this part skipped on boards that report themselves as revision 0 (byte at $A10001 & $F); the effect of doing this write on a revision 0 board is unknown.
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[[Absolute Entertainment]], for some reason, faked the TMSS screen if it detected a non-TMSS board on all their Mega Drive games (including ''[[BattleTech]]'', which was published under the [[Extreme Entertainment Group]] label which they had recently purchased from [[Micronet]]).
  
 
==Known official games without support==
 
==Known official games without support==
:''This list is incomplete; please add to it if you find something missing.''
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:''This list is incomplete; please add to it if you find something missing.'' However, one of the ways to bypass this is using the [[Game Genie (Mega Drive)|Game Genie]]
*''[[Space Harrier II]]'' Japanese launch cartridges
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*''[[Space Harrier II]]'' Japanese launch cartridges (skips step 2)
*''[[Super Thunder Blade]]'' Japanese launch cartridges
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*''[[Super Thunder Blade]]'' Japanese launch cartridges (skips step 2)
*''[[Juuouki]]'' Japanese cartridges with revision 0
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*''[[Juuouki]]'' Japanese cartridges with revision 0 (skips step 2)
*''[[Osomatsu-kun Hachamecha Gekijou]]'' all cartridges
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*''[[Osomatsu-kun Hachamecha Gekijou]]'' all cartridges (skips step 2)
*''[[Alex Kidd: Tenkuu Majou]]'' all Japanese cartridges
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*''[[Alex Kidd: Tenkuu Majou]]'' all Japanese cartridges (skips step 2)
*''[[Phantasy Star II: Kaerazaru Toki no Owari ni]]'' all Japanese cartridges
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*''[[Phantasy Star II: Kaerazaru Toki no Owari ni]]'' all Japanese cartridges (skips step 2)
*''[[Super Daisenryaku]]'' all cartridges
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*''[[Super Daisenryaku]]'' all cartridges (skips step 2)
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*''[[Budokan: The Martial Spirit]]'' all US cartridges (skips both steps)
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*''[[Populous]]'' all US cartridges (skips both steps)
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*''[[Zany Golf]]'' all cartridges with revision 0 (skips both steps)
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*''[[After Burner II]]'' all Japanese cartridges (skips step 2)
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*[[Sega Channel]] Japanese version all cartridges (skips step 1)
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==Known unofficial/unlicensed games without support==
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*''[[Ishido: The Way of Stones]]'' all cartridges
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*''[[Onslaught]]'' all cartridges
  
 
[[Category:Sega Mega Drive]]
 
[[Category:Sega Mega Drive]]

Revision as of 14:49, 20 February 2015

Tmss.png

The TradeMark Security System (TMSS) was a feature of Sega Mega Drive motherboards.

Evidence suggests TMSS was originally intended as a region lockout system for the Mega Drive to keep Japanese games from running on foreign systems: the only games that intentionally omitted TMSS support were many early Japanese games (and two later ones); the few international games that omitted support did so due to development issues. Sega's official developer manual also refers to the system as the "US security code". However, this notion appears to have been dropped quickly, as early international models lack the feature and Japanese ROMs started shipping TMSS-compliant in mid-1989 (though the Sega Channel BIOS is an anomaly). It is unknown whether any Japanese Mega Drive models have TMSS.

In the US, it was eventually used to ensure games which were unlicensed by Sega (and thus not receiving the Sega Seal of Quality, which was attainable through a fee paid to Sega) were not playable. Though TMSS was not produced in whole until late 1992/early 1993, the necessary code was in programmer documentation as far back as 1989. Some early games that did not implement TMSS in full consequently did not work in newer board revisions.

TMSS works by simply requiring instances of the SEGA trademark to appear in various memory locations (see below). Should an unlicensed game appear on the market, Sega could exert its rights over the SEGA trademark and sue the developer for trademark infringement.

The legality of this system was challenged in the United States by Accolade in the court case SEGA vs. Accolade, which ruled in Accolade's favor. The verdict set a precedent that copyrights do not extend to non-expressive content in software that is required by another system to be present in order for that system to run the software. While the system was never challenged elsewhere, Sega did not enforce it after the Accolade case, and consequently several unlicensed game developers started popping up.

In order for software to run on a Mega Drive/Genesis with a TMSS built in, the software must do two things:

  1. have either the longword whose bytes represent ASCII string "SEGA" in big endian at ROM address $100 OR the five bytes " SEGA" at the same address — this is checked by the TMSS ROM and is the source of the "Produced By or Under License From Sega Enterprises Ltd." message.
  2. write a long word containing "SEGA" (all caps) to address $A14000 before accessing the VDP data port ($C00000). If the game fails to do this, the next VDP data port access will cause the 68000 to lock up — this is done by the I/O controller.
    • The sample code in the official programmer documentation has this part skipped on boards that report themselves as revision 0 (byte at $A10001 & $F); the effect of doing this write on a revision 0 board is unknown.

Absolute Entertainment, for some reason, faked the TMSS screen if it detected a non-TMSS board on all their Mega Drive games (including BattleTech, which was published under the Extreme Entertainment Group label which they had recently purchased from Micronet).

Known official games without support

This list is incomplete; please add to it if you find something missing. However, one of the ways to bypass this is using the Game Genie

Known unofficial/unlicensed games without support