Difference between revisions of "ASCII"

From Sega Retro

m (8 revisions)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
'''ASCII''' (''American Standard Code for Information Interchange''), generally pronounced ''ass-key'', is a character set and a character encoding based on the Roman alphabet as used in modern English and other Western European languages. It is most commonly used by computers and other communication equipment to represent text and by control devices that work with text.
+
{{Company
 +
| logo=ASCII_logo.svg
 +
| width=300
 +
| founded=May 24th, 1977
 +
| defunct=2002 (Exited market)
 +
| tseries=T-21, T-176
 +
| mergedwith=
 +
| mergedinto=
 +
| headquarters= Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
 +
}}
 +
'''ASCII Corporation, Inc.''' was founded by Kazuhiko Nishi on May 24th, 1977. It was founded in cooperation with [[NEC]] in order to create the MSX home computer system, the first home computer for the Japanese market. Today it is a subsidiary of the Kadokawa Holdings/Kadokawa Group and focuses on the publication of print magazines dealing with computers and hardware.
  
−
==ASCII printable characters==
+
In its early years ASCII focused on the development of said hardware and software for it but later, when the video game market got rough in the mid-eighties, the company started to develop and publish software for popular gaming consoles of that time, namely the Nintendo Entertainment System and the Sega Genesis.
−
Code 32 is the "space" character, denoting the space between words, which is produced by the large space bar of a keyboard. Codes 33 to 126 are called the printable characters, which represent letters, digits, punctuation marks, and a few miscellaneous symbols.
 
  
−
Seven bit ASCII provided seven "national" characters and, if the combined hardware and software permit, can use overstrikes to simulate some additional international characters: a BackSpace can be followed with the grave accent (which the American and British standards, but only the American and British standards, also call "opening single quotation mark"), a tilde, or a breath mark (inverted vel).
+
Due to their success in the market, ASCII decided to establish an U.S. subsidiary in 1991 which became known as ASCII Entertainment. Additionally, ASCII created a number of controllers for [[Sega]] home console systems. The company also produced two [[Sega Saturn]] games under the "ASCII Something Good Corporation," primarily known for its telecom involvement.
  
−
{| class="prettytable" style="display:inline"
+
In the following years the Japanese market of ASCII declined slowly while the US market became profitable and so another subsidiary was founded in 1998. It became known as "Ascii Game Entertainment TEChnology", or [[Agetec]] for short. Agetec's primary field of business was the publication of video games. In 1999 Agetec was spun off and became a fully independent publisher of games though business relationships remained.
−
!Binary
 
−
!Decimal
 
−
![[Hexadecimal|Hex]]
 
−
!Graphic
 
−
|-
 
−
|0010 0000
 
−
|align="center"|32
 
−
|align="center"|20
 
−
|align="center"|(blank) (␠)
 
−
|-
 
−
|0010 0001
 
−
|align="center"|33
 
−
|align="center"|21
 
−
|align="center"|!
 
−
|-
 
−
|0010 0010
 
−
|align="center"|34
 
−
|align="center"|22
 
−
|align="center"|"
 
−
|-
 
−
|0010 0011
 
−
|align="center"|35
 
−
|align="center"|23
 
−
|align="center"|#
 
−
|-
 
−
|0010 0100
 
−
|align="center"|36
 
−
|align="center"|24
 
−
|align="center"|$
 
−
|-
 
−
|0010 0101
 
−
|align="center"|37
 
−
|align="center"|25
 
−
|align="center"|%
 
−
|-
 
−
|0010 0110
 
−
|align="center"|38
 
−
|align="center"|26
 
−
|align="center"|&
 
−
|-
 
−
|0010 0111
 
−
|align="center"|39
 
−
|align="center"|27
 
−
|align="center"|'
 
−
|-
 
−
|0010 1000
 
−
|align="center"|40
 
−
|align="center"|28
 
−
|align="center"|(
 
−
|-
 
−
|0010 1001
 
−
|align="center"|41
 
−
|align="center"|29
 
−
|align="center"|)
 
−
|-
 
−
|0010 1010
 
−
|align="center"|42
 
−
|align="center"|2A
 
−
|align="center"|*
 
−
|-
 
−
|0010 1011
 
−
|align="center"|43
 
−
|align="center"|2B
 
−
|align="center"|+
 
−
|-
 
−
|0010 1100
 
−
|align="center"|44
 
−
|align="center"|2C
 
−
|align="center"|,
 
−
|-
 
−
|0010 1101
 
−
|align="center"|45
 
−
|align="center"|2D
 
−
|align="center"|-
 
−
|-
 
−
|0010 1110
 
−
|align="center"|46
 
−
|align="center"|2E
 
−
|align="center"|.
 
−
|-
 
−
|0010 1111
 
−
|align="center"|47
 
−
|align="center"|2F
 
−
|align="center"|/
 
−
|-
 
−
|0011 0000
 
−
|align="center"|48
 
−
|align="center"|30
 
−
|align="center"|0
 
−
|-
 
−
|0011 0001
 
−
|align="center"|49
 
−
|align="center"|31
 
−
|align="center"|1
 
−
|-
 
−
|0011 0010
 
−
|align="center"|50
 
−
|align="center"|32
 
−
|align="center"|2
 
−
|-
 
−
|0011 0011
 
−
|align="center"|51
 
−
|align="center"|33
 
−
|align="center"|3
 
−
|-
 
−
|0011 0100
 
−
|align="center"|52
 
−
|align="center"|34
 
−
|align="center"|4
 
−
|-
 
−
|0011 0101
 
−
|align="center"|53
 
−
|align="center"|35
 
−
|align="center"|5
 
−
|-
 
−
|0011 0110
 
−
|align="center"|54
 
−
|align="center"|36
 
−
|align="center"|6
 
−
|-
 
−
|0011 0111
 
−
|align="center"|55
 
−
|align="center"|37
 
−
|align="center"|7
 
−
|-
 
−
|0011 1000
 
−
|align="center"|56
 
−
|align="center"|38
 
−
|align="center"|8
 
−
|-
 
−
|0011 1001
 
−
|align="center"|57
 
−
|align="center"|39
 
−
|align="center"|9
 
−
|-
 
−
|0011 1010
 
−
|align="center"|58
 
−
|align="center"|3A
 
−
|align="center"|:
 
−
|-
 
−
|0011 1011
 
−
|align="center"|59
 
−
|align="center"|3B
 
−
|align="center"|;
 
−
|-
 
−
|0011 1100
 
−
|align="center"|60
 
−
|align="center"|3C
 
−
|align="center"|<
 
−
|-
 
−
|0011 1101
 
−
|align="center"|61
 
−
|align="center"|3D
 
−
|align="center"|=
 
−
|-
 
−
|0011 1110
 
−
|align="center"|62
 
−
|align="center"|3E
 
−
|align="center"|>
 
−
|-
 
−
|0011 1111
 
−
|align="center"|63
 
−
|align="center"|3F
 
−
|align="center"|?
 
−
|}
 
−
{| class="prettytable" style="display:inline"
 
−
!Binary
 
−
!Decimal
 
−
!Hex
 
−
!Graphic
 
−
|-
 
−
|0100 0000
 
−
|align="center"|64
 
−
|align="center"|40
 
−
|align="center"|@
 
−
|-
 
−
|0100 0001
 
−
|align="center"|65
 
−
|align="center"|41
 
−
|align="center"|A
 
−
|-
 
−
|0100 0010
 
−
|align="center"|66
 
−
|align="center"|42
 
−
|align="center"|B
 
−
|-
 
−
|0100 0011
 
−
|align="center"|67
 
−
|align="center"|43
 
−
|align="center"|C
 
−
|-
 
−
|0100 0100
 
−
|align="center"|68
 
−
|align="center"|44
 
−
|align="center"|D
 
−
|-
 
−
|0100 0101
 
−
|align="center"|69
 
−
|align="center"|45
 
−
|align="center"|E
 
−
|-
 
−
|0100 0110
 
−
|align="center"|70
 
−
|align="center"|46
 
−
|align="center"|F
 
−
|-
 
−
|0100 0111
 
−
|align="center"|71
 
−
|align="center"|47
 
−
|align="center"|G
 
−
|-
 
−
|0100 1000
 
−
|align="center"|72
 
−
|align="center"|48
 
−
|align="center"|H
 
−
|-
 
−
|0100 1001
 
−
|align="center"|73
 
−
|align="center"|49
 
−
|align="center"|I
 
−
|-
 
−
|0100 1010
 
−
|align="center"|74
 
−
|align="center"|4A
 
−
|align="center"|J
 
−
|-
 
−
|0100 1011
 
−
|align="center"|75
 
−
|align="center"|4B
 
−
|align="center"|K
 
−
|-
 
−
|0100 1100
 
−
|align="center"|76
 
−
|align="center"|4C
 
−
|align="center"|L
 
−
|-
 
−
|0100 1101
 
−
|align="center"|77
 
−
|align="center"|4D
 
−
|align="center"|M
 
−
|-
 
−
|0100 1110
 
−
|align="center"|78
 
−
|align="center"|4E
 
−
|align="center"|N
 
−
|-
 
−
|0100 1111
 
−
|align="center"|79
 
−
|align="center"|4F
 
−
|align="center"|O
 
−
|-
 
−
|0101 0000
 
−
|align="center"|80
 
−
|align="center"|50
 
−
|align="center"|P
 
−
|-
 
−
|0101 0001
 
−
|align="center"|81
 
−
|align="center"|51
 
−
|align="center"|Q
 
−
|-
 
−
|0101 0010
 
−
|align="center"|82
 
−
|align="center"|52
 
−
|align="center"|R
 
−
|-
 
−
|0101 0011
 
−
|align="center"|83
 
−
|align="center"|53
 
−
|align="center"|S
 
−
|-
 
−
|0101 0100
 
−
|align="center"|84
 
−
|align="center"|54
 
−
|align="center"|T
 
−
|-
 
−
|0101 0101
 
−
|align="center"|85
 
−
|align="center"|55
 
−
|align="center"|U
 
−
|-
 
−
|0101 0110
 
−
|align="center"|86
 
−
|align="center"|56
 
−
|align="center"|V
 
−
|-
 
−
|0101 0111
 
−
|align="center"|87
 
−
|align="center"|57
 
−
|align="center"|W
 
−
|-
 
−
|0101 1000
 
−
|align="center"|88
 
−
|align="center"|58
 
−
|align="center"|X
 
−
|-
 
−
|0101 1001
 
−
|align="center"|89
 
−
|align="center"|59
 
−
|align="center"|Y
 
−
|-
 
−
|0101 1010
 
−
|align="center"|90
 
−
|align="center"|5A
 
−
|align="center"|Z
 
−
|-
 
−
|0101 1011
 
−
|align="center"|91
 
−
|align="center"|5B
 
−
|align="center"|[
 
−
|-
 
−
|0101 1100
 
−
|align="center"|92
 
−
|align="center"|5C
 
−
|align="center"|\
 
−
|-
 
−
|0101 1101
 
−
|align="center"|93
 
−
|align="center"|5D
 
−
|align="center"|]
 
−
|-
 
−
|0101 1110
 
−
|align="center"|94
 
−
|align="center"|5E
 
−
|align="center"|^
 
−
|-
 
−
|0101 1111
 
−
|align="center"|95
 
−
|align="center"|5F
 
−
|align="center"|_
 
−
|}
 
−
{| class="prettytable" style="display:inline"
 
−
!Binary
 
−
!Decimal
 
−
!Hex
 
−
!Graphic
 
−
|-
 
−
|0110 0000
 
−
|align="center"|96
 
−
|align="center"|60
 
−
|align="center"|`
 
−
|-
 
−
|0110 0001
 
−
|align="center"|97
 
−
|align="center"|61
 
−
|align="center"|a
 
−
|-
 
−
|0110 0010
 
−
|align="center"|98
 
−
|align="center"|62
 
−
|align="center"|b
 
−
|-
 
−
|0110 0011
 
−
|align="center"|99
 
−
|align="center"|63
 
−
|align="center"|c
 
−
|-
 
−
|0110 0100
 
−
|align="center"|100
 
−
|align="center"|64
 
−
|align="center"|d
 
−
|-
 
−
|0110 0101
 
−
|align="center"|101
 
−
|align="center"|65
 
−
|align="center"|e
 
−
|-
 
−
|0110 0110
 
−
|align="center"|102
 
−
|align="center"|66
 
−
|align="center"|f
 
−
|-
 
−
|0110 0111
 
−
|align="center"|103
 
−
|align="center"|67
 
−
|align="center"|g
 
−
|-
 
−
|0110 1000
 
−
|align="center"|104
 
−
|align="center"|68
 
−
|align="center"|h
 
−
|-
 
−
|0110 1001
 
−
|align="center"|105
 
−
|align="center"|69
 
−
|align="center"|i
 
−
|-
 
−
|0110 1010
 
−
|align="center"|106
 
−
|align="center"|6A
 
−
|align="center"|j
 
−
|-
 
−
|0110 1011
 
−
|align="center"|107
 
−
|align="center"|6B
 
−
|align="center"|k
 
−
|-
 
−
|0110 1100
 
−
|align="center"|108
 
−
|align="center"|6C
 
−
|align="center"|l
 
−
|-
 
−
|0110 1101
 
−
|align="center"|109
 
−
|align="center"|6D
 
−
|align="center"|m
 
−
|-
 
−
|0110 1110
 
−
|align="center"|110
 
−
|align="center"|6E
 
−
|align="center"|n
 
−
|-
 
−
|0110 1111
 
−
|align="center"|111
 
−
|align="center"|6F
 
−
|align="center"|o
 
−
|-
 
−
|0111 0000
 
−
|align="center"|112
 
−
|align="center"|70
 
−
|align="center"|p
 
−
|-
 
−
|0111 0001
 
−
|align="center"|113
 
−
|align="center"|71
 
−
|align="center"|q
 
−
|-
 
−
|0111 0010
 
−
|align="center"|114
 
−
|align="center"|72
 
−
|align="center"|r
 
−
|-
 
−
|0111 0011
 
−
|align="center"|115
 
−
|align="center"|73
 
−
|align="center"|s
 
−
|-
 
−
|0111 0100
 
−
|align="center"|116
 
−
|align="center"|74
 
−
|align="center"|t
 
−
|-
 
−
|0111 0101
 
−
|align="center"|117
 
−
|align="center"|75
 
−
|align="center"|u
 
−
|-
 
−
|0111 0110
 
−
|align="center"|118
 
−
|align="center"|76
 
−
|align="center"|v
 
−
|-
 
−
|0111 0111
 
−
|align="center"|119
 
−
|align="center"|77
 
−
|align="center"|w
 
−
|-
 
−
|0111 1000
 
−
|align="center"|120
 
−
|align="center"|78
 
−
|align="center"|x
 
−
|-
 
−
|0111 1001
 
−
|align="center"|121
 
−
|align="center"|79
 
−
|align="center"|y
 
−
|-
 
−
|0111 1010
 
−
|align="center"|122
 
−
|align="center"|7A
 
−
|align="center"|z
 
−
|-
 
−
|0111 1011
 
−
|align="center"|123
 
−
|align="center"|7B
 
−
|align="center"|{
 
−
|-
 
−
|0111 1100
 
−
|align="center"|124
 
−
|align="center"|7C
 
−
|align="center"|<nowiki>|</nowiki>
 
−
|-
 
−
|0111 1101
 
−
|align="center"|125
 
−
|align="center"|7D
 
−
|align="center"|}
 
−
|-
 
−
|0111 1110
 
−
|align="center"|126
 
−
|align="center"|7E
 
−
|align="center"|~
 
−
|}
 
  
−
Note how uppercase characters can be converted to lowercase by adding 32 to their ASCII value; in binary, this can be accomplished simply by setting the sixth-least significant bit to 1.
+
In March 2002, ASCII Corporation finally ceased to distribute and publish video games on the Japanese market and started to center its attention around its early core competencies, IT- and computer-magazines like the prestigious ASCII-magazine. The software development branch was subsequently spun off as Media Leaves Inc.
  
−
==External links==
+
==Softography==
−
* [http://ostermiller.org/calc/ascii.html Color coded ASCII chart with binary, octal, decimal, and hex values]
+
{{multicol|
−
* [http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-006.htm Standard ECMA-6: 7-bit Coded Character Set ''6th edition (December 1991)'']
+
===[[Master System]]===
−
* [http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ISO-IR/001.pdf IANA Registry: C0 Set of ISO 646]
+
* ''[[Miracle Warriors: Seal of the Dark Lord]]'' (1987)
−
* [http://www.itscj.ipsj.or.jp/ISO-IR/006.pdf IANA Registry: ISO 646, USA Version X3.4 -- 1968]
 
−
* [http://www.catb.org/~esr/jargon/html/A/ASCIIbetical-order.html Jargon File: ASCIIbetical]
 
−
* A [http://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/~sburke/stuff/pronunciation-guide.txt pronunciation guide] for ASCII characters (some are more whimsical than others; see especially the end of the list)
 
−
* [http://www.wps.com/projects/codes/index.html Annotated History of Character Codes] by Tom Jennings, World Power Systems
 
−
* [http://www.vias.org/simulations/simusoft_asciicode.html Learning by Simulations] Interactive simulation of ASCII encoding
 
  
−
[[Category:Data Formats]]
+
===[[Game Gear]]===
 +
* ''[[Solitaire Poker]]'' (1991)
 +
 
 +
===[[Mega Drive]]===
 +
* ''[[Double Clutch]]'' (1993)
 +
* ''[[AWS Pro Moves Soccer]]'' (1994) (as ASCII Entertainment)
 +
 
 +
===[[Saturn]]===
 +
* ''[[Kakinoki Shougi]]'' (1995)
 +
* ''[[Maajan Ganryuujima]]'' (1995)
 +
* ''[[AI Shougi]]'' (1995)
 +
* ''[[Jikuu Tantei DD (Dracula Detective): Maboroshi no Lorelei]]'' (1996)
 +
* ''[[Shin Kaitei Gunkan: Koutetsu no Kodoku]]'' (1997)
 +
* ''[[AI Igo]]''(1997) (as ASCII Something Good)
 +
* ''[[Wizardry: Llylgamyn Saga]]'' (1998) (as ASCII Entertainment)
 +
* ''[[Game Basic for SegaSaturn]]'' (1998)
 +
* ''[[Simulation RPG Tsukuru]] (1998)
 +
* ''[[Linda³ Kanzenban]]'' (1998)
 +
* ''[[AI Shougi 2]]'' (as ASCII Something Good)
 +
* ''[[Derby Stallion]]'' (1999)
 +
 
 +
===[[Dreamcast]]===
 +
* ''[[Panzer Front]]'' (as ASCII Entertainment)
 +
* ''[[Sword of the Berserk: Guts' Rage]]'' (2000)
 +
* ''[[Lack of Love]]'' (2000)
 +
}}
 +
 
 +
==Hardware Created==
 +
{{multicol|
 +
===[[Mega Drive]]===
 +
* [[ASCII Fighter Stick SG-6]]
 +
* [[ASCII Mega Pad SG-6]]
 +
 
 +
===[[Saturn]]===
 +
* [[ASCII Grip X]]
 +
* [[ASCII Saturn Stick]]
 +
 
 +
===[[Dreamcast]]===
 +
* [[ASCII Mission Stick]]
 +
* [[ASCII Pad FT]]
 +
* [[ASCII Stick FT]]
 +
}}
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Companies]]
 +
[[Category:Third-Party Development Companies]]

Revision as of 01:11, 17 November 2010

ASCII Corporation, Inc. was founded by Kazuhiko Nishi on May 24th, 1977. It was founded in cooperation with NEC in order to create the MSX home computer system, the first home computer for the Japanese market. Today it is a subsidiary of the Kadokawa Holdings/Kadokawa Group and focuses on the publication of print magazines dealing with computers and hardware.

In its early years ASCII focused on the development of said hardware and software for it but later, when the video game market got rough in the mid-eighties, the company started to develop and publish software for popular gaming consoles of that time, namely the Nintendo Entertainment System and the Sega Genesis.

Due to their success in the market, ASCII decided to establish an U.S. subsidiary in 1991 which became known as ASCII Entertainment. Additionally, ASCII created a number of controllers for Sega home console systems. The company also produced two Sega Saturn games under the "ASCII Something Good Corporation," primarily known for its telecom involvement.

In the following years the Japanese market of ASCII declined slowly while the US market became profitable and so another subsidiary was founded in 1998. It became known as "Ascii Game Entertainment TEChnology", or Agetec for short. Agetec's primary field of business was the publication of video games. In 1999 Agetec was spun off and became a fully independent publisher of games though business relationships remained.

In March 2002, ASCII Corporation finally ceased to distribute and publish video games on the Japanese market and started to center its attention around its early core competencies, IT- and computer-magazines like the prestigious ASCII-magazine. The software development branch was subsequently spun off as Media Leaves Inc.

Softography

Master System

Game Gear

Mega Drive

Saturn

Dreamcast

Hardware Created

Mega Drive

Saturn

Dreamcast

Retrieved from "https://segaretro.org/index.php?title=ASCII&oldid=32739"