Patch
From Sega Retro
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A patch is a file that is used to modify other files, usually ROMs. The Sonic scene has seen several types of patches, including IPS and RXL, used for ROM hacks. Patches were used during a time when downloading full ROMs would be a lengthy task for slow Internet connections, but with the advent of high-speed Internet connections, patches have fallen into disuse as Sonic-game hackers have made fully modified ROMs available.
Patches are still utilized (and often, required) for other games, due to precautions related to copyright.