Difference between revisions of "Pacific University"
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− | | opened=1968-07-03{{magref|tokyoobserver|74|1}}{{magref|tokyoobserver|75|1}}{{magref|cb|1968-08-10|67}}{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20220204001438/https://ameblo.jp/sad-kakuei/entry-12722945766.html}}{{ref|https://archive. | + | | opened=1968-07-03{{magref|tokyoobserver|74|1}}{{magref|tokyoobserver|75|1}}{{magref|cb|1968-08-10|67}}{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20220204001438/https://ameblo.jp/sad-kakuei/entry-12722945766.html}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/pfgLi|2=https://imagelink.kyodonews.jp/detail?id=2839814}} |
− | | closed= | + | | closed=1968-09-13{{ref|https://archive.ph/3n2gi/image|2=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/朝日ジャーナル/vfVMT_Pmu10C?hl=pt-PT&gbpv=1&bsq=太平洋大学,%20マルガリータ%201968&printsec=frontcover}} |
}} | }} | ||
− | [[File:PacificUniversity14.png|thumb|300px|right|A drawing of the Greek flag passenger liner ''Margarita'' as the ''Pacific University'', originally published | + | [[File:PacificUniversity14.png|thumb|300px|right|A drawing of the Greek flag passenger liner ''Margarita'' as the ''Pacific University'', originally published in the July 13, 1969{{magref|tokyoobserver|127|5}} issue of the Japanese newspaper ''[[The Tokyo Observer]]'']]{{stub}}The '''''{{PAGENAME}}'''''{{ref|https://archive.ph/Z9l51|http://www.beehive.co.jp/pu/pu_main.html}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/ygsoy|http://www.beehive.co.jp/pu/pu_photo.html}} (太平洋大学, ''Taiheiyo Daigaku''), was a vessel converted from the Greek flag passenger liner [https://web.archive.org/web/20190124145826im_/http://www.greekshippingmiracle.org/images/Founding-Supporters/Latsis/29_MARGARITA_1.jpg ''"Margarita"'']{{ref|https://archive.ph/u8jdF/c440ba853b1ea8ecf871209341bca7cc739db32d.png|https://i.ibb.co/Fx79HQJ/SSMargarita-1966-08-15.png}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/nfOJ8/e054a0f223fb07f0df19ddf40297bed52a4c2ffb.jpg|https://i.ibb.co/K0MZVTn/SS-Margarita-Latsis-Lines-GR-Postcard.jpg}} into a "floating college" by the [https://books.google.pt/books?id=jMYiAQAAMAAJ&q=using+a+greek+flag+vessel+as+a+floating+campus&dq=using+a+greek+flag+vessel+as+a+floating+campus&hl=pt-PT&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiMx5H3jqLyAhVzmVwKHaVsAvsQ6AEwAHoECAkQAg Omori Research Institute of International Relations] of Tokyo{{ref|https://archive.ph/wfw0u/3bc7e69809a1722ccf0b942e9dae1395107bd6d2.png|https://i.postimg.cc/kMH63Qrd/California-Oil-World-Volume-61-Page-5.png}} (大森国際研究所, Omori Kokusai Kenkyujo) a.k.a. [https://books.google.pt/books?id=BuALAAAAIAAJ&q=omori+research+institute+of+international+affairs&dq=omori+research+institute+of+international+affairs&hl= Omori Research Institute of International Affairs] (大森国際問題研究所, Omori Kokusai Mondai Kenkyujo) in [https://archive.ph/9TB5e 1968]{{ref|https://archive.ph/0rqW5/b275c2e026b2266e8c8b8005c6e6eceec8a15b66.jpg|https://i.ibb.co/m9FxzT1/Marine-Digest-Volume-47-Issues-1-26-Page-5.jpg}}{{magref|cb|1968-08-10|67}}{{magref|bb|1968-08-10|39}}, equipped with lecture rooms and, for recreation, a complete [[Sega]] amusement arcade containing a variety of equipment manufactured both by [[Sega Enterprises]] and the major American firms that the company represented in Japan at the time such as [[Rock-Ola]], [[Williams]], [[Bally]], [[Midway]], [[Chicago Coin]], etc. |
− | Born as ''"La Grande Victory"''{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20180302045945/http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/emergencylarge/koregon.htm}}{{fileref|LaGrandeObserver US 2012-07-30.pdf|page=1}}{{fileref|LaGrandeObserver US 2012-07-30.pdf|page=2}}{{fileref|SSLaGrandeVictory US Vessel Status Card.png}} ([[wikipedia:Official number|Official number]]{{fileref|SignalLettersoftheUnitedStatesMerchantMarine Book US 1947-01-01 (by United States Treasury Department, Bureau of Customs).pdf|page=6}}: 247247{{fileref|SSLaGrandeVictory US Vessel Status Card.png}}{{fileref|SignalLettersoftheUnitedStatesMerchantMarine Book US 1947-01-01 (by United States Treasury Department, Bureau of Customs).pdf|page=11}}, [[wikipedia:United States Maritime Commission|MC]] [[wikipedia:Hull number|Hull]]: 161{{fileref|SSLaGrandeVictory US Vessel Status Card.png}}, [[wikipedia:United States Maritime Administration|MARAD Type]]: VC2-S-AP3{{fileref|SSLaGrandeVictory US Vessel Status Card.png}}, operated by the [[wikipedia:Shepard Steamship Company|Shepard Steamship Company]]{{fileref|OEstadodeSPaulo BR 1948-11-05; Page 51.png}}{{fileref|Towline US 1951-12.pdf|page=2}}{{fileref|FunnelMarkingsofSteamshipLines.jpg}} of [[wikipedia:Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]]) and built at the [[wikipedia:Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation|Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation]]{{fileref|OregonShipbuildingCorporation US Brochure.pdf}} in 1945{{fileref|LaGrandeObserver US 1945-01-15 FrontPage.png}}{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20220125091351/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/134105435/}}{{fileref|TheBosnsWhistle US 1945-03-09.pdf|page=1}}{{fileref|TheBosnsWhistle US 1945-03-09.pdf|page=5}}{{fileref|OregonShipbuildingCorporation US Brochure.pdf|page=19}}{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20180302045945/http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/emergencylarge/koregon.htm}} for the [[wikipedia:United States Merchant Marine|United States Merchant Marine]] as a World War II troopship{{ref|https://archive.ph/iCq7k|http://www.skylighters.org/special/vicships/}}{{fileref|TroopshipsofWorldWarII Book US 1947-04 (by Roland Wilbur Charles).pdf|page=363}}{{fileref|TroopshipsofWorldWarII Book US 1947-04 (by Roland Wilbur Charles).pdf|page=364}}{{fileref|TheAtlantaConstitution US 1945-09-07 Page 16.png}}{{fileref|LaGrandeObserver US 1945-09-17 FrontPage.png}}{{fileref|TheBosnsWhistle US 1945-11-23.pdf|page=2}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/VpXCf|https://www.dailybreeze.com/2009/07/04/tour-of-ss-lane-victory-puts-past-back-on-radar/}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/TiaSw|http://www.station131.co.uk/55th/Ground%20Crew/343rd/Humiston%20Harold%20H%20TSgt.htm}} (one of several ships used in [[wikipedia:List of Allied convoys during World War II by region#North Atlantic Convoys|Allied convoys during World War II]], more precisely [[wikipedia:CU convoys|convoy CU 65]] on April 8, 1945{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20220105014619/http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/cuconvoys.html}} and [[wikipedia:CU convoys#Ballasted empty ships westbound|convoy UC 65B]] on April 27, 1945{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20190321130449/http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/ucconvoys.html}}, and also one of over 700 navy ships used by the United States in [[wikipedia:Operation Magic Carpet|Operation Magic Carpet]]{{ref|https://archive.md/7dD2U|https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/operation-magic-carpet-1945}}), it was acquired in 1947{{fileref|SSLaGrandeVictory US Vessel Status Card.png}}{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20190124145633/http://www.frontiernet.net/~hdebruyn/waterman/ss_waterman.HTM}}{{fileref|RecommendationsoftheDepartmentofCommerceandtheMaritimeCommission Book US 1951 (by United States Congress Senate, Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce).pdf|page=124}}{{fileref|ZierikzeescheNieuwsbode NL 1947-06-20, Page 2.png}}{{fileref|RotterdamschParoolDeSchiedammer NL 1948-01-24, Page 1.png}}{{fileref|EilandenNieuws NL 1998-11-20, Page 5.png}} by the Dutch government as troop transport and renamed [https://web.archive.org/web/20190124145826im_/http://www.greekshippingmiracle.org/images/Founding-Supporters/Latsis/28_WATERMAN.jpg ''"Waterman"'']{{ref|https://archive.ph/9n4d3|https://www.facebook.com/greekshippingmiracle/posts/the-1944-built-cargopassenger-ship-waterman-acquired-by-the-latsis-group-in-1963/1922815621160210/}}{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20190124185002/https://bouillabaiseworkinprogress.blogspot.com/2013/08/ndsm-emigrantenschepen-ss-groote-beer.html}}{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20000302101020/http://pier21.ns.ca/ships/waterman.html}}{{fileref|DeVrijeZeeuw NL 1953-01-05, Page 1.png}}{{fileref|DeStem NL 1960-11-11, Page 2.png}} (meaning ''"[[wikipedia:Aquarius (constellation)|Aquarius]]"''), it was converted in 1952 into a migrant ship as part of the [[wikipedia:Holland America Line|Holland America Line]] cruise line's fleet{{ref|1=https://books.google.pt/books?id=_xiKDQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&hl=pt-PT&pg=PT79&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false}}{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20060718182455if_/http://www.frontiernet.net:80/~hdebruyn/waterman/aprilcover.jpg}} and ultimately sold in 1963 to the Greek finance and shipping magnate [[wikipedia: Yiannis Latsis|Yiannis Latsis]], a.k.a. John Spyridon Latsis{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20181110165910/http://www.greekshippingmiracle.org/en/founding-supporters/john-latsis.html}} owner and founder of the ''Latsis Group''{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20190124145633/http://www.frontiernet.net/~hdebruyn/waterman/ss_waterman.HTM}}, where it received the name [https://web.archive.org/web/20190124145826im_/http://www.greekshippingmiracle.org/images/Founding-Supporters/Latsis/29_MARGARITA_1.jpg ''"Margarita"'']{{ref|https://archive.ph/u8jdF/c440ba853b1ea8ecf871209341bca7cc739db32d.png|https://i.ibb.co/Fx79HQJ/SSMargarita-1966-08-15.png}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/nfOJ8/e054a0f223fb07f0df19ddf40297bed52a4c2ffb.jpg|https://i.ibb.co/K0MZVTn/SS-Margarita-Latsis-Lines-GR-Postcard.jpg}} ([[wikipedia:Greek alphabet|Greek:]] ΜΑΡΓΑΡΙΤΑ, Μαργαρίτα, Μάργαρετ). | + | Born as ''"La Grande Victory"''{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20180302045945/http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/emergencylarge/koregon.htm}}{{fileref|LaGrandeObserver US 2012-07-30.pdf|page=1}}{{fileref|LaGrandeObserver US 2012-07-30.pdf|page=2}}{{fileref|SSLaGrandeVictory US Vessel Status Card.png}} ([[wikipedia:Official number|Official number]]{{fileref|SignalLettersoftheUnitedStatesMerchantMarine Book US 1947-01-01 (by United States Treasury Department, Bureau of Customs).pdf|page=6}}: 247247{{fileref|SSLaGrandeVictory US Vessel Status Card.png}}{{fileref|SignalLettersoftheUnitedStatesMerchantMarine Book US 1947-01-01 (by United States Treasury Department, Bureau of Customs).pdf|page=11}}, [[wikipedia:United States Maritime Commission|MC]] [[wikipedia:Hull number|Hull]]: 161{{fileref|SSLaGrandeVictory US Vessel Status Card.png}}, [[wikipedia:United States Maritime Administration|MARAD Type]]: VC2-S-AP3{{fileref|SSLaGrandeVictory US Vessel Status Card.png}}, operated by the [[wikipedia:Shepard Steamship Company|Shepard Steamship Company]]{{fileref|OEstadodeSPaulo BR 1948-11-05; Page 51.png}}{{fileref|Towline US 1951-12.pdf|page=2}}{{fileref|FunnelMarkingsofSteamshipLines.jpg}} of [[wikipedia:Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]]) and built at the [[wikipedia:Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation|Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation]]{{fileref|OregonShipbuildingCorporation US Brochure.pdf}} in 1945{{fileref|LaGrandeObserver US 1945-01-15 FrontPage.png}}{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20220125091351/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/134105435/}}{{fileref|TheBosnsWhistle US 1945-03-09.pdf|page=1}}{{fileref|TheBosnsWhistle US 1945-03-09.pdf|page=5}}{{fileref|OregonShipbuildingCorporation US Brochure.pdf|page=19}}{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20180302045945/http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/emergencylarge/koregon.htm}} for the [[wikipedia:United States Merchant Marine|United States Merchant Marine]] as a World War II troopship{{ref|https://archive.ph/iCq7k|http://www.skylighters.org/special/vicships/}}{{fileref|TroopshipsofWorldWarII Book US 1947-04 (by Roland Wilbur Charles).pdf|page=363}}{{fileref|TroopshipsofWorldWarII Book US 1947-04 (by Roland Wilbur Charles).pdf|page=364}}{{fileref|TheAtlantaConstitution US 1945-09-07 Page 16.png}}{{fileref|LaGrandeObserver US 1945-09-17 FrontPage.png}}{{fileref|TheBosnsWhistle US 1945-11-23.pdf|page=2}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/VpXCf|https://www.dailybreeze.com/2009/07/04/tour-of-ss-lane-victory-puts-past-back-on-radar/}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/TiaSw|http://www.station131.co.uk/55th/Ground%20Crew/343rd/Humiston%20Harold%20H%20TSgt.htm}} (one of several ships used in [[wikipedia:List of Allied convoys during World War II by region#North Atlantic Convoys|Allied convoys during World War II]], more precisely [[wikipedia:CU convoys|convoy CU 65]] on April 8, 1945{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20220105014619/http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/cuconvoys.html}} and [[wikipedia:CU convoys#Ballasted empty ships westbound|convoy UC 65B]] on April 27, 1945{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20190321130449/http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/ucconvoys.html}}, and also one of over 700 navy ships used by the United States in [[wikipedia:Operation Magic Carpet|Operation Magic Carpet]]{{ref|https://archive.md/7dD2U|https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/operation-magic-carpet-1945}}), it was acquired in 1947{{fileref|SSLaGrandeVictory US Transfer Order Nº C-5242 1947-03-26 (by United States Maritime Comission).pdf}}{{fileref|SSLaGrandeVictory US Vessel Status Card.png}}{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20190124145633/http://www.frontiernet.net/~hdebruyn/waterman/ss_waterman.HTM}}{{fileref|RecommendationsoftheDepartmentofCommerceandtheMaritimeCommission Book US 1951 (by United States Congress Senate, Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce).pdf|page=124}}{{fileref|ZierikzeescheNieuwsbode NL 1947-06-20, Page 2.png}}{{fileref|RotterdamschParoolDeSchiedammer NL 1948-01-24, Page 1.png}}{{fileref|EilandenNieuws NL 1998-11-20, Page 5.png}} by the Dutch government as troop transport and renamed [https://web.archive.org/web/20190124145826im_/http://www.greekshippingmiracle.org/images/Founding-Supporters/Latsis/28_WATERMAN.jpg ''"Waterman"'']{{ref|https://archive.ph/9n4d3|https://www.facebook.com/greekshippingmiracle/posts/the-1944-built-cargopassenger-ship-waterman-acquired-by-the-latsis-group-in-1963/1922815621160210/}}{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20190124185002/https://bouillabaiseworkinprogress.blogspot.com/2013/08/ndsm-emigrantenschepen-ss-groote-beer.html}}{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20000302101020/http://pier21.ns.ca/ships/waterman.html}}{{fileref|DeVrijeZeeuw NL 1953-01-05, Page 1.png}}{{fileref|DeStem NL 1960-11-11, Page 2.png}} (meaning ''"[[wikipedia:Aquarius (constellation)|Aquarius]]"''), it was converted in 1952 into a migrant ship as part of the [[wikipedia:Holland America Line|Holland America Line]] cruise line's fleet{{ref|1=https://books.google.pt/books?id=_xiKDQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&hl=pt-PT&pg=PT79&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false}}{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20060718182455if_/http://www.frontiernet.net:80/~hdebruyn/waterman/aprilcover.jpg}} and ultimately sold in 1963 to the Greek finance and shipping magnate [[wikipedia: Yiannis Latsis|Yiannis Latsis]], a.k.a. John Spyridon Latsis{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20181110165910/http://www.greekshippingmiracle.org/en/founding-supporters/john-latsis.html}} owner and founder of the ''Latsis Group''{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20190124145633/http://www.frontiernet.net/~hdebruyn/waterman/ss_waterman.HTM}}, where it received the name [https://web.archive.org/web/20190124145826im_/http://www.greekshippingmiracle.org/images/Founding-Supporters/Latsis/29_MARGARITA_1.jpg ''"Margarita"'']{{ref|https://archive.ph/u8jdF/c440ba853b1ea8ecf871209341bca7cc739db32d.png|https://i.ibb.co/Fx79HQJ/SSMargarita-1966-08-15.png}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/nfOJ8/e054a0f223fb07f0df19ddf40297bed52a4c2ffb.jpg|https://i.ibb.co/K0MZVTn/SS-Margarita-Latsis-Lines-GR-Postcard.jpg}} ([[wikipedia:Greek alphabet|Greek:]] ΜΑΡΓΑΡΙΤΑ, Μαργαρίτα, Μάργαρετ). |
− | Initiated by Japan's longtime journalist Minoru Omori{{ref|https://archive.ph/iUKjI|https://www.imago-images.com/st/0064879354}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/Vr2k2|http://www.beehive.co.jp/index-e.htm}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/dxxxn|https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/09/02/national/focusing-on-people-not-just-words/}}{{fileref|UCLADailyBruin US 1969-08-15, Page 11.png}}{{fileref|BerkeleyTribe US 1969-10, Page 4.png}} (大森実, Omori Minoru), president and founder of the Omori Research Institute of International Relations of Tokyo, the ''Pacific University'' consisted of a series of ocean seminars on chartered ships (the Greek liner [https://web.archive.org/web/20190124145826im_/http://www.greekshippingmiracle.org/images/Founding-Supporters/Latsis/29_MARGARITA_1.jpg ''"Margarita"''], the Russian liner [https://archive.ph/PtFhN/4271199bd9055f5bdf85256040f787d55f0c5dc6.jpg ''"Ilitch"'']{{ref|https://archive.ph/7FSOF|https://www.shipsnostalgia.com/media/m-s-ilitch-in-her-last-year-1993.405208/}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/PtFhN|2=https://fleetphoto.ru/photo/207269/?vid=28866}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/HI0d7|https://blog.canpan.info/fukiura/archive/8617}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/EqLVj|https://blog.canpan.info/fukiura/archive/8619}}, etc.), held five times between 1968{{magref|tokyoobserver|74|1}}{{magref|tokyoobserver|75|1}}{{magref|tokyoobserver|78|1}}{{magref|cb|1968-08-10|67}} and 1969{{magref|tokyoobserver|127|5}}{{fileref|UCLADailyBruin US 1969-08-15, Page 11.png}} which gave over three thousand young Japanese students a chance to visit the United States and Asian countries in the late 1960s{{ref|https://archive.ph/Z9l51|http://www.beehive.co.jp/pu/pu_main.html}}{{fileref|UCLADailyBruin US 1969-08-15, Page 11.png}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/yeoRf|https://white.ap.teacup.com/something/1096.html}}{{magref|tokyoobserver|126|7}}. | + | Initiated by Japan's longtime journalist Minoru Omori{{ref|https://archive.ph/iUKjI|https://www.imago-images.com/st/0064879354}}{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20230612155936/https://imagelinkglobal.com/products/ILEA000665476/}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/Vr2k2|http://www.beehive.co.jp/index-e.htm}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/dxxxn|https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/09/02/national/focusing-on-people-not-just-words/}}{{fileref|UCLADailyBruin US 1969-08-15, Page 11.png}}{{fileref|BerkeleyTribe US 1969-10, Page 4.png}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/uGL2e|https://note.com/cambodiataro/n/nc3ff0ba3b440}} (大森実, Omori Minoru), president and founder of the Omori Research Institute of International Relations of Tokyo, and mainly financed by his close friend Japanese journalist [[wikipedia:Sōichi Ōya|Soichi Oya]] (大宅 壮一, Oya Soichi), the ''Pacific University'' consisted of a series of ocean seminars on chartered ships (the Greek liner [https://web.archive.org/web/20190124145826im_/http://www.greekshippingmiracle.org/images/Founding-Supporters/Latsis/29_MARGARITA_1.jpg ''"Margarita"''], the Russian liner [https://archive.ph/PtFhN/4271199bd9055f5bdf85256040f787d55f0c5dc6.jpg ''"Ilitch"'']{{ref|https://archive.ph/7FSOF|https://www.shipsnostalgia.com/media/m-s-ilitch-in-her-last-year-1993.405208/}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/PtFhN|2=https://fleetphoto.ru/photo/207269/?vid=28866}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/HI0d7|https://blog.canpan.info/fukiura/archive/8617}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/EqLVj|https://blog.canpan.info/fukiura/archive/8619}}, etc.), held five times between 1968{{magref|tokyoobserver|74|1}}{{magref|tokyoobserver|75|1}}{{magref|tokyoobserver|78|1}}{{magref|cb|1968-08-10|67}} and 1969{{magref|tokyoobserver|127|5}}{{fileref|UCLADailyBruin US 1969-08-15, Page 11.png}} which gave over three thousand young Japanese students a chance to visit the United States, Europe and Asian countries in the late 1960s{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20230210051226/https://www.sakigake.jp/news/article/20230210AK0015/}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/Z9l51|http://www.beehive.co.jp/pu/pu_main.html}}{{fileref|UCLADailyBruin US 1969-08-15, Page 11.png}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/yeoRf|https://white.ap.teacup.com/something/1096.html}}{{magref|tokyoobserver|126|7}}. |
On July 3, 1968, departing from Tokyo’s Harumi Pier, [[Sega Enterprises]] and seven hundred and fifty Japanese college students and business trainees, together with fifty instructors, embarked on the first of a series of five week study visits to the United States. During the trip Japanese college students could study languages, sociology, political science and international relations while at sea and meet with American university students during port calls at San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Honolulu. | On July 3, 1968, departing from Tokyo’s Harumi Pier, [[Sega Enterprises]] and seven hundred and fifty Japanese college students and business trainees, together with fifty instructors, embarked on the first of a series of five week study visits to the United States. During the trip Japanese college students could study languages, sociology, political science and international relations while at sea and meet with American university students during port calls at San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Honolulu. | ||
The ship was [https://web.archive.org/web/20180715081534/https://www.deutsche-flagge.de/en/crew/ships-manning/laid-up-ships laid up] and docked at the Japanese port of | The ship was [https://web.archive.org/web/20180715081534/https://www.deutsche-flagge.de/en/crew/ships-manning/laid-up-ships laid up] and docked at the Japanese port of | ||
− | [[wikipedia:Shimotsu, Wakayama|Shimotsu]] (currently [[wikipedia:Kainan, Wakayama|Kainan]]) on February 17, 1969{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20180405033414/https://www.arendnet.com/waterman.htm}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/REPp7|2=https://www.google.pt/search?q=MARGARITA+++lying+at+Shimotsu+since+17/2/69&biw=1366&bih=625&tbm=bks&sxsrf=ALeKk024PSm0CkbVfKng_z4nktYC11TBtw:1628025352283&ei=CLIJYfndENOD8gLA_KO4Dg&oq=MARGARITA+++lying+at+Shimotsu+since+17/2/69&gs_l=}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/ | + | [[wikipedia:Shimotsu, Wakayama|Shimotsu]] (currently [[wikipedia:Kainan, Wakayama|Kainan]]) on February 17, 1969{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20180405033414/https://www.arendnet.com/waterman.htm}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/REPp7|2=https://www.google.pt/search?q=MARGARITA+++lying+at+Shimotsu+since+17/2/69&biw=1366&bih=625&tbm=bks&sxsrf=ALeKk024PSm0CkbVfKng_z4nktYC11TBtw:1628025352283&ei=CLIJYfndENOD8gLA_KO4Dg&oq=MARGARITA+++lying+at+Shimotsu+since+17/2/69&gs_l=}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/8NJ36|2=https://www.marhisdata.nl/schip?id=7194}}, after her return from the first two ''Pacific University'' cruises{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20201211173120/http://ssmaritime.com/DutchVictoryTrio-1.htm}} organized by the Omori Research Institute of International Relations of Tokyo, the first from Japan to Los Angeles and Honolulu (July 3 to August 8, 1968){{ref|https://archive.ph/3n2gi/image|2=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/朝日ジャーナル/vfVMT_Pmu10C?hl=pt-PT&gbpv=1&bsq=太平洋大学,%20マルガリータ%201968&printsec=frontcover}}{{magref|tokyoobserver|74|1}}{{magref|tokyoobserver|74|2}}{{magref|tokyoobserver|74|3}} and the second from Japan to Honolulu and San Francisco (August 10 to September 13, 1968){{ref|https://archive.ph/3n2gi/image|2=https://www.google.pt/books/edition/朝日ジャーナル/vfVMT_Pmu10C?hl=pt-PT&gbpv=1&bsq=太平洋大学,%20マルガリータ%201968&printsec=frontcover}}{{magref|tokyoobserver|79|1}}{{magref|tokyoobserver|79|9}}, and then sold for scrap in the winter of 1970 to Japanese company [[Mitsui & Co.]], being delivered in Hiroshima on February 18, 1970{{ref|https://archive.ph/66sst|2=https://werf-gusto.com/?p=27855}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/8NJ36|2=https://www.marhisdata.nl/schip?id=7194}} and ultimately scrapped at [[wikipedia:Onomichi, Hiroshima|Onomichi]] by ship breakers{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20201211173120/http://ssmaritime.com/DutchVictoryTrio-1.htm}} Koshin Sangyo Co. Ltd{{ref|https://archive.ph/NnUt7|http://www.koshin-sangyo.com/outline/}} (興進産業株式会社, Koshin Sangyo Kabushiki Gaisha), where scrapping began in March 1970{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20180405033414/https://www.arendnet.com/waterman.htm}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/8NJ36|2=https://www.marhisdata.nl/schip?id=7194}} and was completed three months later in June of the same year{{ref|https://archive.ph/66sst|2=https://werf-gusto.com/?p=27855}}{{ref|https://archive.ph/8NJ36|2=https://www.marhisdata.nl/schip?id=7194}}. |
==Sega games aboard== | ==Sega games aboard== | ||
Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
==Promotional material== | ==Promotional material== | ||
+ | {{gitem|WeeklySankei JP 1968-05-06, Pages 32-33.jpg|An article about the ''Pacific University'' published in the May 6, 1968{{ref|https://archive.ph/0R6uo|https://aucview.aucfan.com/yahoo/f1102472243/}} issue of the Japanese magazine ''[[wikipedia:JP:SPA!|Weekly Sankei]]''}} | ||
+ | {{gitem|WeeklySankei JP 1968-05-06.jpg|''[[wikipedia:JP:SPA!|Weekly Sankei]]''; May 6, 1968{{ref|https://archive.ph/0R6uo|https://aucview.aucfan.com/yahoo/f1102472243/}} issue}} | ||
+ | {{gitem|WeeklyPlayboy JP 1968-05-28, Pages 100-101.jpg|Print advert for the 1st ''Pacific University'' seminar featured in the May 28, 1968{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20230612055518/https://aucview.aucfan.com/yahoo/h1049036911/}}{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20230128093150/http://www.tisen.jp/pukiwiki/?%BD%B5%A5%D7%A5%EC1968}} issue of the Japanese magazine ''[[wikipedia:Weekly Playboy|Weekly Playboy]]''}} | ||
+ | {{gitem|WeeklyPlayboy JP 1968-05-28.jpg|''[[wikipedia:Weekly Playboy|Weekly Playboy]]''; May 28, 1968{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20230612055518/https://aucview.aucfan.com/yahoo/h1049036911/}}{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20230128093150/http://www.tisen.jp/pukiwiki/?%BD%B5%A5%D7%A5%EC1968}} issue}} | ||
{{gallery | {{gallery | ||
|{{galleryPrintAd|tokyoobserver|122|1|text=Print advert announcing the then upcoming 4th ''Pacific University'' seminar | |{{galleryPrintAd|tokyoobserver|122|1|text=Print advert announcing the then upcoming 4th ''Pacific University'' seminar | ||
Line 50: | Line 54: | ||
==Photo gallery== | ==Photo gallery== | ||
<gallery> | <gallery> | ||
− | SSLaGrandeVictory.jpg|SS ''La Grande Victory'' (1945-1947) | + | SSLaGrandeVictory.jpg|SS ''La Grande Victory'' (1945-1947){{fileref|ShippingToday&Yesterday UK 2023-02.pdf|page=20}} |
SSWaterman (1947-1952 Outfit).jpg|SS ''Waterman'' (1947-1952) | SSWaterman (1947-1952 Outfit).jpg|SS ''Waterman'' (1947-1952) | ||
SS Waterman.jpg|SS Waterman|SS ''Waterman'' after conversion (1952-1963) | SS Waterman.jpg|SS Waterman|SS ''Waterman'' after conversion (1952-1963) | ||
Line 87: | Line 91: | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190321130449/http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/ucconvoys.html List of UC convoys during World War II (convoy UC 1 through UC 71; 1943-1945) at www.warsailors.com (archived)] | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20190321130449/http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/ucconvoys.html List of UC convoys during World War II (convoy UC 1 through UC 71; 1943-1945) at www.warsailors.com (archived)] | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20220114100919/https://forum.nautilia.gr/showthread.php?117604-%CC%E1%F1%E3%E1%F1%DF%F4%E1-La-Grande-Victory-Waterman-Margarita&117604-%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD-La-Grande-Victory-Waterman-Margarita=&p=384989&langid=1 Discussion at forum.nautilia.gr (archived)] | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20220114100919/https://forum.nautilia.gr/showthread.php?117604-%CC%E1%F1%E3%E1%F1%DF%F4%E1-La-Grande-Victory-Waterman-Margarita&117604-%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD%EF%BF%BD-La-Grande-Victory-Waterman-Margarita=&p=384989&langid=1 Discussion at forum.nautilia.gr (archived)] | ||
+ | *[http://web.archive.org/web/20240729125351/https://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1267008092 Discussion at yahoo.co.jp (archived)] | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130207134555/http://www.gmm-yasunori.com:80/denki/index.html Biography of Japanese ''Enka'' singer Yasunori Sugahara (菅原やすのり, Sugahara Yasunori) containing a detailed account of his trip in the 1st ''Pacific University'' seminar, at www.gmm-yasunori.com (archived)] | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130207134555/http://www.gmm-yasunori.com:80/denki/index.html Biography of Japanese ''Enka'' singer Yasunori Sugahara (菅原やすのり, Sugahara Yasunori) containing a detailed account of his trip in the 1st ''Pacific University'' seminar, at www.gmm-yasunori.com (archived)] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:19, 16 September 2024
Pacific University |
---|
Location: Japan |
Opened: 1968-07-03[1][2][3][4][5] |
Closed: 1968-09-13[6] |
This short article is in need of work. You can help Sega Retro by adding to it.
The Pacific University[8][9] (太平洋大学, Taiheiyo Daigaku), was a vessel converted from the Greek flag passenger liner "Margarita"[10][11] into a "floating college" by the Omori Research Institute of International Relations of Tokyo[12] (大森国際研究所, Omori Kokusai Kenkyujo) a.k.a. Omori Research Institute of International Affairs (大森国際問題研究所, Omori Kokusai Mondai Kenkyujo) in 1968[13][3][14], equipped with lecture rooms and, for recreation, a complete Sega amusement arcade containing a variety of equipment manufactured both by Sega Enterprises and the major American firms that the company represented in Japan at the time such as Rock-Ola, Williams, Bally, Midway, Chicago Coin, etc.
Born as "La Grande Victory"[15][16][17][18] (Official number[19]: 247247[18][20], MC Hull: 161[18], MARAD Type: VC2-S-AP3[18], operated by the Shepard Steamship Company[21][22][23] of Boston, Massachusetts) and built at the Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation[24] in 1945[25][26][27][28][29][15] for the United States Merchant Marine as a World War II troopship[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] (one of several ships used in Allied convoys during World War II, more precisely convoy CU 65 on April 8, 1945[38] and convoy UC 65B on April 27, 1945[39], and also one of over 700 navy ships used by the United States in Operation Magic Carpet[40]), it was acquired in 1947[41][18][42][43][44][45][46] by the Dutch government as troop transport and renamed "Waterman"[47][48][49][50][51] (meaning "Aquarius"), it was converted in 1952 into a migrant ship as part of the Holland America Line cruise line's fleet[52][53] and ultimately sold in 1963 to the Greek finance and shipping magnate Yiannis Latsis, a.k.a. John Spyridon Latsis[54] owner and founder of the Latsis Group[42], where it received the name "Margarita"[10][11] (Greek: ΜΑΡΓΑΡΙΤΑ, Μαργαρίτα, Μάργαρετ).
Initiated by Japan's longtime journalist Minoru Omori[55][56][57][58][59][60][61] (大森実, Omori Minoru), president and founder of the Omori Research Institute of International Relations of Tokyo, and mainly financed by his close friend Japanese journalist Soichi Oya (大宅 壮一, Oya Soichi), the Pacific University consisted of a series of ocean seminars on chartered ships (the Greek liner "Margarita", the Russian liner "Ilitch"[62][63][64][65], etc.), held five times between 1968[1][2][66][3] and 1969[7][59] which gave over three thousand young Japanese students a chance to visit the United States, Europe and Asian countries in the late 1960s[67][8][59][68][69].
On July 3, 1968, departing from Tokyo’s Harumi Pier, Sega Enterprises and seven hundred and fifty Japanese college students and business trainees, together with fifty instructors, embarked on the first of a series of five week study visits to the United States. During the trip Japanese college students could study languages, sociology, political science and international relations while at sea and meet with American university students during port calls at San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Honolulu.
The ship was laid up and docked at the Japanese port of Shimotsu (currently Kainan) on February 17, 1969[70][71][72], after her return from the first two Pacific University cruises[73] organized by the Omori Research Institute of International Relations of Tokyo, the first from Japan to Los Angeles and Honolulu (July 3 to August 8, 1968)[6][1][74][75] and the second from Japan to Honolulu and San Francisco (August 10 to September 13, 1968)[6][76][77], and then sold for scrap in the winter of 1970 to Japanese company Mitsui & Co., being delivered in Hiroshima on February 18, 1970[78][72] and ultimately scrapped at Onomichi by ship breakers[73] Koshin Sangyo Co. Ltd[79] (興進産業株式会社, Koshin Sangyo Kabushiki Gaisha), where scrapping began in March 1970[70][72] and was completed three months later in June of the same year[78][72].
Contents
Sega games aboard
This list is incomplete. Please help expand it.
- Basketball
- Helicopter
- Lady Luck (Williams import)
- MotoPolo
- World Cup (Bally import)
Magazine articles
- Main article: Pacific University/Magazine articles.
Promotional material
also published in:
- The Tokyo Observer (JP) #123: "June 15, 1969" (1969-06-15)[83]
- The Tokyo Observer (JP) #124: "June 22, 1969" (1969-06-22)[84]
- The Tokyo Observer (JP) #125: "June 29, 1969" (1969-06-29)[85]
- The Tokyo Observer (JP) #126: "July 6, 1969" (1969-07-06)[86]
- The Tokyo Observer (JP) #127: "July 13, 1969" (1969-07-13)[87]
- The Tokyo Observer (JP) #128: "July 20, 1969" (1969-07-20)[88]
- The Tokyo Observer (JP) #129: "July 27, 1969" (1969-07-27)[89]
Photo gallery
SS La Grande Victory (1945-1947)[90]
A Sega MotoPolo arcade cabinet being loaded into the Pacific University
External links
- www.koshin-sangyo.com
- Minoru Omori at ja.wikipedia.org
- Williams Lady Luck at www.ipdb.org
- Bally World Cup at www.ipdb.org
- Victory ship at www.wikipedia.org
- List of Victory ships at www.wikipedia.org
- List of Allied convoys during World War II by region at www.wikipedia.org
- List of Allied convoy codes during World War II at www.wikipedia.org
- List of CU convoys during World War II (convoy CU 1 through CU 73; 1943-1945) at www.warsailors.com (archived)
- List of UC convoys during World War II (convoy UC 1 through UC 71; 1943-1945) at www.warsailors.com (archived)
- Discussion at forum.nautilia.gr (archived)
- Discussion at yahoo.co.jp (archived)
- Biography of Japanese Enka singer Yasunori Sugahara (菅原やすのり, Sugahara Yasunori) containing a detailed account of his trip in the 1st Pacific University seminar, at www.gmm-yasunori.com (archived)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 The Tokyo Observer, "July 7, 1968" (JP; 1968-07-07), page 1
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 The Tokyo Observer, "July 14, 1968" (JP; 1968-07-14), page 1
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Cash Box, "August 10, 1968" (US; 1968-08-10), page 67
- ↑ https://ameblo.jp/sad-kakuei/entry-12722945766.html (Wayback Machine: 2022-02-04 00:14)
- ↑ https://imagelink.kyodonews.jp/detail?id=2839814 (archive.today)
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 https://www.google.pt/books/edition/朝日ジャーナル/vfVMT_Pmu10C?hl=pt-PT&gbpv=1&bsq=太平洋大学,%20マルガリータ%201968&printsec=frontcover (archive.today)
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 The Tokyo Observer, "July 13, 1969" (JP; 1969-07-13), page 5
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 http://www.beehive.co.jp/pu/pu_main.html (archive.today)
- ↑ http://www.beehive.co.jp/pu/pu_photo.html (archive.today)
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 https://i.ibb.co/Fx79HQJ/SSMargarita-1966-08-15.png (archive.today)
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 https://i.ibb.co/K0MZVTn/SS-Margarita-Latsis-Lines-GR-Postcard.jpg (archive.today)
- ↑ https://i.postimg.cc/kMH63Qrd/California-Oil-World-Volume-61-Page-5.png (archive.today)
- ↑ https://i.ibb.co/m9FxzT1/Marine-Digest-Volume-47-Issues-1-26-Page-5.jpg (archive.today)
- ↑ Billboard, "August 10, 1968" (US; 1968-08-10), page 39
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/emergencylarge/koregon.htm (Wayback Machine: 2018-03-02 04:59)
- ↑ File:LaGrandeObserver US 2012-07-30.pdf, page 1
- ↑ File:LaGrandeObserver US 2012-07-30.pdf, page 2
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 File:SSLaGrandeVictory US Vessel Status Card.png
- ↑ File:SignalLettersoftheUnitedStatesMerchantMarine Book US 1947-01-01 (by United States Treasury Department, Bureau of Customs).pdf, page 6
- ↑ File:SignalLettersoftheUnitedStatesMerchantMarine Book US 1947-01-01 (by United States Treasury Department, Bureau of Customs).pdf, page 11
- ↑ File:OEstadodeSPaulo BR 1948-11-05; Page 51.png
- ↑ File:Towline US 1951-12.pdf, page 2
- ↑ File:FunnelMarkingsofSteamshipLines.jpg
- ↑ File:OregonShipbuildingCorporation US Brochure.pdf
- ↑ File:LaGrandeObserver US 1945-01-15 FrontPage.png
- ↑ https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/134105435/ (Wayback Machine: 2022-01-25 09:13)
- ↑ File:TheBosnsWhistle US 1945-03-09.pdf, page 1
- ↑ File:TheBosnsWhistle US 1945-03-09.pdf, page 5
- ↑ File:OregonShipbuildingCorporation US Brochure.pdf, page 19
- ↑ http://www.skylighters.org/special/vicships/ (archive.today)
- ↑ File:TroopshipsofWorldWarII Book US 1947-04 (by Roland Wilbur Charles).pdf, page 363
- ↑ File:TroopshipsofWorldWarII Book US 1947-04 (by Roland Wilbur Charles).pdf, page 364
- ↑ File:TheAtlantaConstitution US 1945-09-07 Page 16.png
- ↑ File:LaGrandeObserver US 1945-09-17 FrontPage.png
- ↑ File:TheBosnsWhistle US 1945-11-23.pdf, page 2
- ↑ https://www.dailybreeze.com/2009/07/04/tour-of-ss-lane-victory-puts-past-back-on-radar/ (archive.today)
- ↑ http://www.station131.co.uk/55th/Ground%20Crew/343rd/Humiston%20Harold%20H%20TSgt.htm (archive.today)
- ↑ http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/cuconvoys.html (Wayback Machine: 2022-01-05 01:46)
- ↑ http://www.warsailors.com/convoys/ucconvoys.html (Wayback Machine: 2019-03-21 13:04)
- ↑ https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/operation-magic-carpet-1945 (archive.today)
- ↑ File:SSLaGrandeVictory US Transfer Order Nº C-5242 1947-03-26 (by United States Maritime Comission).pdf
- ↑ 42.0 42.1 http://www.frontiernet.net/~hdebruyn/waterman/ss_waterman.HTM (Wayback Machine: 2019-01-24 14:56)
- ↑ File:RecommendationsoftheDepartmentofCommerceandtheMaritimeCommission Book US 1951 (by United States Congress Senate, Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce).pdf, page 124
- ↑ File:ZierikzeescheNieuwsbode NL 1947-06-20, Page 2.png
- ↑ File:RotterdamschParoolDeSchiedammer NL 1948-01-24, Page 1.png
- ↑ File:EilandenNieuws NL 1998-11-20, Page 5.png
- ↑ https://www.facebook.com/greekshippingmiracle/posts/the-1944-built-cargopassenger-ship-waterman-acquired-by-the-latsis-group-in-1963/1922815621160210/ (archive.today)
- ↑ https://bouillabaiseworkinprogress.blogspot.com/2013/08/ndsm-emigrantenschepen-ss-groote-beer.html (Wayback Machine: 2019-01-24 18:50)
- ↑ http://pier21.ns.ca/ships/waterman.html (Wayback Machine: 2000-03-02 10:10)
- ↑ File:DeVrijeZeeuw NL 1953-01-05, Page 1.png
- ↑ File:DeStem NL 1960-11-11, Page 2.png
- ↑ https://books.google.pt/books?id=_xiKDQAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&hl=pt-PT&pg=PT79&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
- ↑ http://www.frontiernet.net:80/~hdebruyn/waterman/aprilcover.jpg (Wayback Machine: 2006-07-18 18:24)
- ↑ http://www.greekshippingmiracle.org/en/founding-supporters/john-latsis.html (Wayback Machine: 2018-11-10 16:59)
- ↑ https://www.imago-images.com/st/0064879354 (archive.today)
- ↑ https://imagelinkglobal.com/products/ILEA000665476/ (Wayback Machine: 2023-06-12 15:59)
- ↑ http://www.beehive.co.jp/index-e.htm (archive.today)
- ↑ https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/09/02/national/focusing-on-people-not-just-words/ (archive.today)
- ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 File:UCLADailyBruin US 1969-08-15, Page 11.png
- ↑ File:BerkeleyTribe US 1969-10, Page 4.png
- ↑ https://note.com/cambodiataro/n/nc3ff0ba3b440 (archive.today)
- ↑ https://www.shipsnostalgia.com/media/m-s-ilitch-in-her-last-year-1993.405208/ (archive.today)
- ↑ https://fleetphoto.ru/photo/207269/?vid=28866 (archive.today)
- ↑ https://blog.canpan.info/fukiura/archive/8617 (archive.today)
- ↑ https://blog.canpan.info/fukiura/archive/8619 (archive.today)
- ↑ The Tokyo Observer, "August 4, 1968" (JP; 1968-08-04), page 1
- ↑ https://www.sakigake.jp/news/article/20230210AK0015/ (Wayback Machine: 2023-02-10 05:12)
- ↑ https://white.ap.teacup.com/something/1096.html (archive.today)
- ↑ The Tokyo Observer, "July 6, 1969" (JP; 1969-07-06), page 7
- ↑ 70.0 70.1 https://www.arendnet.com/waterman.htm (Wayback Machine: 2018-04-05 03:34)
- ↑ https://www.google.pt/search?q=MARGARITA+++lying+at+Shimotsu+since+17/2/69&biw=1366&bih=625&tbm=bks&sxsrf=ALeKk024PSm0CkbVfKng_z4nktYC11TBtw:1628025352283&ei=CLIJYfndENOD8gLA_KO4Dg&oq=MARGARITA+++lying+at+Shimotsu+since+17/2/69&gs_l= (archive.today)
- ↑ 72.0 72.1 72.2 72.3 https://www.marhisdata.nl/schip?id=7194 (archive.today)
- ↑ 73.0 73.1 http://ssmaritime.com/DutchVictoryTrio-1.htm (Wayback Machine: 2020-12-11 17:31)
- ↑ The Tokyo Observer, "July 7, 1968" (JP; 1968-07-07), page 2
- ↑ The Tokyo Observer, "July 7, 1968" (JP; 1968-07-07), page 3
- ↑ The Tokyo Observer, "August 11, 1968" (JP; 1968-08-11), page 1
- ↑ The Tokyo Observer, "August 11, 1968" (JP; 1968-08-11), page 9
- ↑ 78.0 78.1 https://werf-gusto.com/?p=27855 (archive.today)
- ↑ http://www.koshin-sangyo.com/outline/ (archive.today)
- ↑ 80.0 80.1 https://aucview.aucfan.com/yahoo/f1102472243/ (archive.today)
- ↑ 81.0 81.1 https://aucview.aucfan.com/yahoo/h1049036911/ (Wayback Machine: 2023-06-12 05:55)
- ↑ 82.0 82.1 http://www.tisen.jp/pukiwiki/?%BD%B5%A5%D7%A5%EC1968 (Wayback Machine: 2023-01-28 09:31)
- ↑ The Tokyo Observer, "June 15, 1969" (JP; 1969-06-15), page 1
- ↑ The Tokyo Observer, "June 22, 1969" (JP; 1969-06-22), page 1
- ↑ The Tokyo Observer, "June 29, 1969" (JP; 1969-06-29), page 1
- ↑ The Tokyo Observer, "July 6, 1969" (JP; 1969-07-06), page 1
- ↑ The Tokyo Observer, "July 13, 1969" (JP; 1969-07-13), page 1
- ↑ The Tokyo Observer, "July 20, 1969" (JP; 1969-07-20), page 1
- ↑ The Tokyo Observer, "July 27, 1969" (JP; 1969-07-27), page 1
- ↑ File:ShippingToday&Yesterday UK 2023-02.pdf, page 20
- ↑ Cash Box, "February 28, 1970" (US; 1970-02-28), page 62
- ↑ Billboard, "March 14, 1970" (US; 1970-03-14), page 76
- ↑ Cash Box, "March 20, 1965" (US; 1965-03-20), page 56/57 (56)
- ↑ Billboard, "March 20, 1965" (US; 1965-03-20), page 53