Difference between revisions of "Sega OutRun hardware"

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| arcade_date_world=1986-09-20
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| system_date_world=1986-09-20
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| arcade_code_world=[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp 171-5376]
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| system_code_world=171-5376{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun hardware (MAME)]}}
 
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'''Sega's OutRun hardware''' was released in 1986 with the driving game ''[[OutRun]]''. It is a successor to their [[Sega Hang-On Hardware|Hang-On hardware]], making it the second in [[Sega]]'s [[Super Scaler]] series of three-dimensional arcade hardware. It was succeeded by the [[Sega X Board]] in 1987.
 
'''Sega's OutRun hardware''' was released in 1986 with the driving game ''[[OutRun]]''. It is a successor to their [[Sega Hang-On Hardware|Hang-On hardware]], making it the second in [[Sega]]'s [[Super Scaler]] series of three-dimensional arcade hardware. It was succeeded by the [[Sega X Board]] in 1987.
  
−
The OutRun hardware, like the Hang-On hardware, has specifications similar to those of the [[System 16]], with the addition of a second [[68000]] processor and a separate video board which allowed for an extra graphics layer for the road as well as [[sprite]]/texture scaling capabilities. The OutRun hardware can do everything the Hang-On hardware can do, but its processors are clocked higher (allowing for quicker calculations), it has more memory, and the video board's capabilities have been expanded, capable of drawing two roads (the Hang-On hardware can only draw one) and rendering sprites/textures using a framebuffer system with a higher fillrate (the Hang-On hardware used a line-buffer system). At the time, the OutRun hardware was a very powerful but expensive arcade board, with arcade operators advised to charge twice as many credits than for regular arcade machines.
+
The OutRun hardware, like the Hang-On hardware, has specifications similar to those of the [[System 16]], with the addition of a second [[68000]] processor and a separate video board which allowed for an extra graphics layer for the road as well as [[sprite]]/texture scaling capabilities. The OutRun hardware can do everything the Hang-On hardware can do, but its processors are clocked higher (allowing for quicker calculations), it has more memory and faster bandwidth, and the video board's capabilities have been expanded, capable of drawing two roads (the Hang-On hardware can only draw one) and rendering sprites/textures using a framebuffer system with a higher fillrate (the Hang-On hardware used a line-buffer system). At the time, the OutRun hardware was a very powerful but expensive arcade board, with arcade operators advised to charge twice as many credits than for regular arcade machines.
  
 
Three games made use of the hardware, all of which are driving games. However, only ''[[OutRun]]'' and ''[[Turbo OutRun]]'' are truly for this hardware, as ''[[Super Hang-On]]'' was also released for the Hang-On hardware in a mostly identical form.
 
Three games made use of the hardware, all of which are driving games. However, only ''[[OutRun]]'' and ''[[Turbo OutRun]]'' are truly for this hardware, as ''[[Super Hang-On]]'' was also released for the Hang-On hardware in a mostly identical form.
  
−
==Technical Specifications==
+
==Technical specifications==
−
* Board composition: CPU Board (Main Board), Video Board{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun Hardware (MAME)]}}
+
===Sega OutRun specifications===
 +
* Board composition: CPU Board (Main Board), Video Board{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun hardware (MAME)]}}
 
* Main [[wikipedia:Central processing unit|CPU]]: 2× [[68000]] @ 12.5 MHz: 16/32‑bit instructions, 4.375 MIPS, 32‑bit (2× 16‑bit) data bus, 44‑bit (24‑bit, 20‑bit) address bus{{fileref|OutRun Schematics.pdf|page=2}}
 
* Main [[wikipedia:Central processing unit|CPU]]: 2× [[68000]] @ 12.5 MHz: 16/32‑bit instructions, 4.375 MIPS, 32‑bit (2× 16‑bit) data bus, 44‑bit (24‑bit, 20‑bit) address bus{{fileref|OutRun Schematics.pdf|page=2}}
−
* Memory Mapper [[wikipedia:Field-programmable gate array|FPGA]]: Sega 315‑5195 Memory Mapper @ 40 MHz: 16‑bit data bus, 24‑bit address bus{{ref|[https://github.com/bji/libmame/blob/master/old/src/mame/video/segaic16.c Sega 16‑Bit Common Hardware], [[MAME]]}}{{fileref|OutRun Schematics.pdf|page=2}}
+
* Memory Mapper [[wikipedia:Field-programmable gate array|FPGA]]: Sega 315‑5195 Memory Mapper @ 40 MHz: 16‑bit data bus, 24‑bit address bus{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/segaic16.cpp Sega 16‑Bit common hardware (MAME)]}}{{fileref|OutRun Schematics.pdf|page=2}}
  
−
===Sound===
+
====Sound====
 
{{multicol|
 
{{multicol|
 
* Sound CPU: [[Zilog]] [[Zilog Z80|Z80]] @ 4 MHz (8/16‑bit instructions, 0.58 MIPS)
 
* Sound CPU: [[Zilog]] [[Zilog Z80|Z80]] @ 4 MHz (8/16‑bit instructions, 0.58 MIPS)
 
* Sound chips: 2 chips, 24 channels, 24‑bit bus width{{fileref|OutRun Schematics.pdf|page=8}}
 
* Sound chips: 2 chips, 24 channels, 24‑bit bus width{{fileref|OutRun Schematics.pdf|page=8}}
−
** [[wikipedia:Frequency modulation synthesis|FM synthesis]] chip: [[Yamaha YM2151]] @ 4 MHz (8 FM channels, 8‑bit bus width){{fileref|YM2151 datasheet.pdf}}
+
:* [[wikipedia:Frequency modulation synthesis|FM synthesis]] chip: [[Yamaha YM2151]] @ 4 MHz (8 FM channels, 8‑bit bus width){{fileref|YM2151 datasheet.pdf}}
−
** [[Pulse-code modulation|PCM]] sampling chip: SegaPCM 315‑5218 Sound Controller @ 4/16 MHz{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun Hardware (MAME)]}} ([[wikipedia:Stereophonic sound|stereo]] output, 16 PCM channels, [[wikipedia:Audio bit depth|12‑bit audio depth]],{{ref|[http://cgfm2.emuviews.com/txt/loftech.txt Sega X Board Hardware Notes (12/03/2004)]}} 31.25 kHz [[wikipedia:Sampling rate|sampling rate]], 16‑bit bus width)
+
:* [[Pulse-code modulation|PCM]] sampling chip: [[SegaPCM]] 315‑5218 Sound Controller @ 4/16 MHz{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun hardware (MAME)]}} ([[wikipedia:Stereophonic sound|stereo]] output, 16 PCM channels, [[wikipedia:Audio bit depth|12‑bit audio depth]],{{intref|Sega "X-Board" hardware notes (2004-12-03)}} 31.25 kHz [[wikipedia:Sampling rate|sampling rate]], 16‑bit bus width)
 
* Sound [[wikipedia:Digital-to-analog converter|DAC]]: [[Yamaha]] YM3012 @ 4 MHz: 16‑bit floating‑point dynamic range{{fileref|YM3012 datasheet.pdf}}
 
* Sound [[wikipedia:Digital-to-analog converter|DAC]]: [[Yamaha]] YM3012 @ 4 MHz: 16‑bit floating‑point dynamic range{{fileref|YM3012 datasheet.pdf}}
 
* Sound FPGA: Sega 315‑5223A (Signetics CK2605) @ 16 MHz: 8‑bit bus width{{fileref|303A-011A Device List.pdf|page=11}}{{fileref|CK2605 Fusemap.pdf}}
 
* Sound FPGA: Sega 315‑5223A (Signetics CK2605) @ 16 MHz: 8‑bit bus width{{fileref|303A-011A Device List.pdf|page=11}}{{fileref|CK2605 Fusemap.pdf}}
 
}}
 
}}
  
−
===Graphics===
+
====Graphics====
 
{{multicol|
 
{{multicol|
−
* Video Board [[wikia:w:c:gaming:Graphics processing unit|GPU]]: Sega 171‑5377 VIDEO Board graphics chipset @ 25.1748 MHz: 6 processors, 80‑bit RAM (167.521366 MB/s), 64‑bit ROM (37 MB/s){{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun Hardware (MAME)]}}{{ref|[https://github.com/bji/libmame/blob/master/old/src/mame/video/segaic16.c Sega 16‑Bit Common Hardware], [[MAME]]}}{{fileref|OutRun Schematics.pdf|page=8}}
+
* Video Board [[wikia:w:c:gaming:Graphics processing unit|GPU]]: Sega 171‑5377 VIDEO Board graphics chipset @ 25.1748 MHz: 6 processors, 80‑bit RAM (167.521366 MB/s), 64‑bit ROM (37 MB/s){{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun hardware (MAME)]}}{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/segaic16.cpp Sega 16‑Bit common hardware (MAME)]}}{{fileref|OutRun Schematics.pdf|page=8}}
−
** 315‑5197 Sega Custom Tilemap Generator [[wikipedia:Field-programmable gate array|FPGA]]: 16‑bit RAM (15.384615 MHz, 65 ns, 30.76923 MB/s), 24‑bit ROM (4 MHz, 250 [[wikipedia:Nanosecond|ns]], 12 MB/s)
+
:* 315‑5197 Sega Custom Tilemap Generator [[wikipedia:Field-programmable gate array|FPGA]]: 16‑bit RAM (15.384615 MHz, 65 ns, 30.76923 MB/s), 24‑bit ROM (4 MHz, 250 [[wikipedia:Nanosecond|ns]], 12 MB/s)
−
** 315‑5211 Sega Custom Sprite Generator FPGA: 16‑bit sprite attribute RAM (22.222222&nbsp;MHz, 45&nbsp;ns, 44.444444&nbsp;MB/s),{{fileref|TMM2018 datasheet.pdf}} 48‑bit sprite framebuffer RAM (15.384615&nbsp;MHz, 65&nbsp;ns, 92.307692&nbsp;MB/s),{{fileref|HM65256B datasheet.pdf}} <!-- {{ref|[https://sites.google.com/site/jamesskingdom/Home/electronics-by-james-s/inside-manufactured-products#TOC-Sega-s-Turbo-Out-Run-Arcade-Machine Inside Manufactured Products: Sega's Turbo OutRun Arcade Machine]}} --> 32‑bit ROM (5&nbsp;MHz, 200&nbsp;ns, 20&nbsp;MB/s){{fileref|M27256 datasheet.pdf}}
+
:* 315‑5211 Sega Custom Sprite Generator FPGA: 16‑bit sprite attribute RAM (22.222222&nbsp;MHz, 45&nbsp;ns, 44.444444&nbsp;MB/s),{{fileref|TMM2018 datasheet.pdf}} 48‑bit sprite framebuffer RAM (15.384615&nbsp;MHz, 65&nbsp;ns, 92.307692&nbsp;MB/s),{{fileref|HM65256B datasheet.pdf}} 32‑bit ROM (5&nbsp;MHz, 200&nbsp;ns, 20&nbsp;MB/s){{fileref|M27256 datasheet.pdf}}
−
** 315‑5227A Signetics CK2678 [[wikipedia:Programmable Array Logic|PAL]]: 8‑bit ROM (5&nbsp;MHz, 200&nbsp;ns, 5&nbsp;MB/s){{fileref|M27256 datasheet.pdf}}
+
:* 315‑5227A Signetics CK2678 [[wikipedia:Programmable Array Logic|PAL]]: 8‑bit ROM (5&nbsp;MHz, 200&nbsp;ns, 5&nbsp;MB/s){{fileref|M27256 datasheet.pdf}}
−
** 315‑5228 Signetics CK2605 FPGA: 8‑bit{{fileref|303A-011A Device List.pdf|page=11}}{{fileref|CK2605 Fusemap.pdf}}
+
:* 315‑5228 Signetics CK2605 FPGA: 8‑bit{{fileref|303A-011A Device List.pdf|page=11}}{{fileref|CK2605 Fusemap.pdf}}
−
** 315‑5242 Sega Custom Color Encoder: 16‑bit
+
:* 315‑5242 Sega Custom Color Encoder: 16‑bit
−
** 8255‑2 NEC µPD8255AC‑2: 24‑bit (3×&nbsp;8‑bit) [[wikipedia:Intel 8255|PPI]] (Programmable Peripheral Interface){{fileref|UPD8255A datasheet.pdf}}
+
:* 8255‑2 NEC µPD8255AC‑2: 24‑bit (3×&nbsp;8‑bit) [[wikipedia:Intel 8255|PPI]] (Programmable Peripheral Interface){{fileref|UPD8255A datasheet.pdf}}
−
* Main Board GPU: Sega 171‑5376 CPU Board graphics chipset @ 39.99967&nbsp;MHz: 6&nbsp;processors, 5‑bit RAM (6.25&nbsp;MB/s), 16‑bit ROM (10&nbsp;MB/s){{ref|[https://github.com/bji/libmame/blob/master/old/src/mame/video/segaic16.c Sega 16‑Bit Common Hardware], [[MAME]]}}{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun Hardware (MAME)]}}{{fileref|OutRun Schematics.pdf|page=5}}
+
* Main Board GPU: Sega 171‑5376 CPU Board graphics chipset @ 39.99967&nbsp;MHz: 6&nbsp;processors, 5‑bit RAM (6.25&nbsp;MB/s), 16‑bit ROM (10&nbsp;MB/s){{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/segaic16.cpp Sega 16‑Bit common hardware (MAME)]}}{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun hardware (MAME)]}}{{fileref|OutRun Schematics.pdf|page=5}}
−
** 2× 315‑5155 Sega Road Bit Extraction PAL: 16‑bit (2× 8‑bit), 2× 8.056&nbsp;MHz internal, 2× 5&nbsp;MHz ROM (200&nbsp;ns, 10&nbsp;MB/s){{fileref|M27256 datasheet.pdf}}
+
:* 2× 315‑5155 Sega Road Bit Extraction PAL: 16‑bit (2× 8‑bit), 2× 5&nbsp;MHz ROM (200&nbsp;ns, 10&nbsp;MB/s){{fileref|M27256 datasheet.pdf}}
−
** 315‑5222 Signetics PLS153N Road Mixing FPGA: 8‑bit internal (33.333333&nbsp;MHz),{{fileref|PLS153 datasheet.pdf}} 5‑bit RAM (10&nbsp;MHz, 100&nbsp;ns, 6.25&nbsp;MB/s)
+
:* 315‑5222 Signetics PLS153N Road Mixing FPGA: 8‑bit internal (33.333333&nbsp;MHz),{{fileref|PLS153 datasheet.pdf}} 5‑bit RAM (10&nbsp;MHz, 100&nbsp;ns, 6.25&nbsp;MB/s)
−
** 315‑5223A Signetics CK2605 FPGA: 8‑bit internal,{{fileref|303A-011A Device List.pdf|page=11}}{{fileref|CK2605 Fusemap.pdf}} 4‑bit external
+
:* 315‑5223A Signetics CK2605 FPGA: 8‑bit internal,{{fileref|303A-011A Device List.pdf|page=11}}{{fileref|CK2605 Fusemap.pdf}} 4‑bit external
−
** 2× MMI PAL16R4 (315‑5225, 315‑5226) PAL: 16‑bit (2×&nbsp;8‑bit){{fileref|PAL16R datasheet.pdf}}
+
:* 2× MMI PAL16R4 (315‑5225, 315‑5226) PAL: 16‑bit (2×&nbsp;8‑bit){{fileref|PAL16R datasheet.pdf}}
−
* Video resolution: 320×224 (display), 400×262 (overscan),{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun Hardware (MAME)]}} progressive scan
+
* Fixed-point arithmetic capabilities: [[wikipedia:Z-buffering|Z-buffering]], [[wikipedia:Depth map|depth map]]{{ref|[http://www.extentofthejam.com/pseudo/ Lou's Pseudo 3D Page]}}
−
** [[wikipedia:Scan line|Scanlines]]: 224 (display), 262 (overscan)
+
* Video resolution: 320×224 (display), 400×262 (overscan),{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun hardware (MAME)]}} progressive scan
−
* [[wikipedia:Refresh rate|Refresh rate]]: 60.0543&nbsp;Hz ([[wikipedia:V-sync|V‑sync]]){{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun Hardware (MAME)]}}
+
:* [[wikipedia:Scan line|Scanlines]]: 224 (display), 262 (overscan)
−
** [[wikipedia:Frame rate|Frame rate]]: 30–60 frames per second
+
* [[wikipedia:Refresh rate|Refresh rate]]: 60.0543&nbsp;Hz ([[wikipedia:V-sync|V‑sync]]){{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun hardware (MAME)]}}
 +
:* [[wikipedia:Frame rate|Frame rate]]: 30–60.0543 FPS
 
* [[Palette|Color palette]]: 98,304
 
* [[Palette|Color palette]]: 98,304
−
** 16-bit color palette: 15‑bit RGB color depth (32,768&nbsp;colors), 1‑bit shadow & highlight triples up to 98,304&nbsp;colors
+
:* 16-bit color palette: 15‑bit RGB color depth (32,768&nbsp;colors), 1‑bit shadow & highlight triples up to 98,304&nbsp;colors
−
* Colors on screen: 12,288{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun Hardware (MAME)]}}
+
* Colors on screen: 12,288{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun hardware (MAME)]}}
 
* Graphical planes:
 
* Graphical planes:
−
** 2 [[wikipedia:Tile engine|tilemap]] layers
+
:* 2 [[wikipedia:Tile engine|tilemap]] layers
−
** 1 text layer
+
:* 1 text layer
−
** 1 sprite layer
+
:* 1 sprite layer
−
** 1 road layer
+
:* 1 road layer
−
** Translucent shadows
+
:* Translucent shadows
 +
* Video [[wikipedia:Clock signal|clock rate]]: 25.1748&nbsp;MHz (60.0543&nbsp;Hz refresh rate)
 
* [[Sprite]] plane: Sprite/Texture [[wikipedia:Framebuffer|framebuffer]], hardware [http://www.giantbomb.com/sprite-scaling/3015-7122/ sprite-scaling/zooming], 128 on‑screen sprites per frame, 7680&nbsp;sprites/textures scaled per second, 16&nbsp;colors (4‑bit) per sprite/texture
 
* [[Sprite]] plane: Sprite/Texture [[wikipedia:Framebuffer|framebuffer]], hardware [http://www.giantbomb.com/sprite-scaling/3015-7122/ sprite-scaling/zooming], 128 on‑screen sprites per frame, 7680&nbsp;sprites/textures scaled per second, 16&nbsp;colors (4‑bit) per sprite/texture
−
** Framebuffer resolution: 512×256 pixels (double buffering){{ref|[http://cgfm2.emuviews.com/txt/loftech.txt Sega X Board Hardware Notes (12/03/2004)]}}
+
:* Framebuffer: 512×256 [[resolution]], double buffering,{{intref|Sega "X-Board" hardware notes (2004-12-03)}} 16-bit color depth
−
** Sprite/Texture sizes: 8×8 to 512×256 [[texel]]s
+
:* Sprite/Texture sizes: 8×8 to 512×256 [[texel]]s
−
** Framebuffer [[fillrate]]: 46.153846 [[Pixel|MPixels/sec]] (92.307692 MB/s), 23.076923 MPixels/sec (double buffering)
+
:* Framebuffer [[fillrate]]: 23.076923 [[Pixel|MPixels/s]] (double buffering, 92.307692 MB/s)
−
** Video [[wikipedia:Clock signal|clock cycles]]: 25.1748&nbsp;MHz (60.0543&nbsp;Hz refresh rate)
+
:* Texels per frame: 769,230 texels (30 FPS) to 384,267 texels (60.0543 FPS), 1466 texels per scanline, 128 sprites per scanline
−
** Sprite/Texture read fillrate: 25.1748&nbsp;[[Texel|MTexels/sec]],{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun Hardware (MAME)]}} 419,200 texels per frame, 1600&nbsp;texels per scanline, 128&nbsp;sprites/textures per scanline
+
* [[wikipedia:Tile engine|Tilemap]] planes: 2&nbsp;tilemap layers, [[Sega System 16|System 16B]] tilemap system, [[wikia:w:c:gaming:Parallax scrolling|row/column scrolling]], parallax scrolling{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun hardware (MAME)]}}{{intref|Sega System 16B hardware notes (2003-01-12)}}
−
** Sprite/Texture write fillrate: 23.076923&nbsp;MTexels/sec,{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun Hardware (MAME)]}} 384,267 texels per frame (60 frames/sec), 419,200 texels per frame (55 frames/sec)
+
:* Tilemap resolution: 512×256 (1024×512 virtual resolution)
−
* [[wikipedia:Tile engine|Tilemap]] planes: 2&nbsp;tilemap layers, [[Sega System 16|System 16B]] tilemap system, [[wikia:w:c:gaming:Parallax scrolling|row/column scrolling]], parallax scrolling, 8×8 tiles{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun Hardware (MAME)]}}{{ref|[http://cgfm2.emuviews.com/txt/s16tech.txt System 16B Hardware Notes (01/12/2003)]}}
+
:* Colors per tile: 8 colors (3‑bit)
−
** Colors per tile: 16&nbsp;colors (4‑bit), 12&nbsp;colors (3‑bit)
+
:* Tile size: 8×8 pixels (24 bytes)
−
** Tilemap resolution: 512×256 (1024×512 virtual resolution)
+
:* Tile fillrate: 15.384615 MPixels/s, 240,384 tiles/sec (5.769231 MB/s)
−
** Tilemap fillrate: 25.1748&nbsp;million pixels/texels per sec (393,356&nbsp;tiles/sec), 419,200&nbsp;pixels/texels per frame (6550&nbsp;tiles per frame)
+
:* Tiles per frame: 4002 tiles and 256,178 texels (60.0543 FPS) to 8012 tiles and 512,820 texels (30 FPS)
−
** Fillrate per scanline: 1600&nbsp;pixels/texels per scanline, 200&nbsp;tiles per scanline
+
:* Tiles per scanline: 978 texels, 122 tiles
−
** Unique tiles per frame: 8192&nbsp;tiles ([[#Memory|64&nbsp;KB]] tilemap RAM, 8&nbsp;bytes per tile entry)
+
* Road plane: Can draw 2 roads at once, [[wikipedia:Bitmap|bitmap]]/texture, 512×256 resolution per road{{ref|[http://www.extentofthejam.com/pseudo/ Lou's Pseudo 3D Page]}}
−
* Road plane: Can draw 2 roads at once, [http://www.extentofthejam.com/pseudo/ 512×256] resolution per road [[wikipedia:Bitmap|bitmap]]/texture
+
:* Colors per pixel: 8 colors (3‑bit)
−
** Road fillrate: 16.11185&nbsp;million pixels/texels per sec, 268,288&nbsp;pixels/texels per frame, 1024&nbsp;pixels/texels per scanline
+
:* Road fillrate: 1024 texels per scanline, 268,288 texels per frame, 16.111848 MPixels/s (6.041943 MB/s)
 
}}
 
}}
  
−
===Memory===
+
====Memory====
 
{{multicol|
 
{{multicol|
 
* Memory: Up to 3.6&nbsp;[[Byte|MB]] (736&nbsp;[[Byte|KB]] main, 2496&nbsp;KB video, 454&nbsp;KB sound)
 
* Memory: Up to 3.6&nbsp;[[Byte|MB]] (736&nbsp;[[Byte|KB]] main, 2496&nbsp;KB video, 454&nbsp;KB sound)
−
* [[RAM]]: 670&nbsp;KB [[SRAM]] (Static RAM){{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun Hardware (MAME)]}}{{fileref|OutRun Schematics.pdf}}
+
* [[RAM]]: 670&nbsp;KB [[SRAM]] (Static RAM){{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun hardware (MAME)]}}{{fileref|OutRun Schematics.pdf}}
−
** Main RAM: 64&nbsp;KB (32&nbsp;KB per 68000){{fileref|TMM2063P datasheet.pdf}}
+
:* Main RAM: 64&nbsp;KB (32&nbsp;KB per 68000){{fileref|TMM2063P datasheet.pdf}}
−
** [[VRAM]]: 608&nbsp;KB{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun Hardware (MAME)]}}{{fileref|OutRun Schematics.pdf|page=8}}
+
:* [[VRAM]]: 608&nbsp;KB{{ref|[https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/segaorun.cpp Sega OutRun hardware (MAME)]}}{{fileref|OutRun Schematics.pdf|page=8}}
−
*** CPU Board: 8&nbsp;KB (4&nbsp;KB roads, 4&nbsp;KB other){{fileref|TMM2018 datasheet.pdf}}
+
::* CPU Board: 8&nbsp;KB (4&nbsp;KB roads, 4&nbsp;KB other){{fileref|TMM2018 datasheet.pdf}}
−
*** Video Board: 600&nbsp;KB (512&nbsp;KB dual sprite framebuffers,{{ref|[http://cgfm2.emuviews.com/txt/loftech.txt Sega X Board Hardware Notes (12/03/2004)]}}{{fileref|HM65256B datasheet.pdf}} 4&nbsp;KB sprite attributes,{{fileref|TMM2018 datasheet.pdf}} 64&nbsp;KB tiles,{{fileref|HM65256B datasheet.pdf}} 4&nbsp;KB tilemaps,{{fileref|TMM2018 datasheet.pdf}} 4&nbsp;KB text, 8&nbsp;KB colors, 4&nbsp;KB other)
+
::* Video Board: 600&nbsp;KB (512&nbsp;KB dual sprite framebuffers,{{intref|Sega "X-Board" hardware notes (2004-12-03)}}{{fileref|HM65256B datasheet.pdf}} 4&nbsp;KB sprite attributes,{{fileref|TMM2018 datasheet.pdf}} 64&nbsp;KB tilemaps,{{fileref|HM65256B datasheet.pdf}} 4&nbsp;KB text, 8&nbsp;KB colors, 4&nbsp;KB other)
−
** Sound RAM: 6&nbsp;KB (3×&nbsp;2&nbsp;KB){{fileref|TMM2018 datasheet.pdf}}
+
:* Sound RAM: 6&nbsp;KB (3×&nbsp;2&nbsp;KB){{fileref|TMM2018 datasheet.pdf}}
−
* [[ROM]]: Up to 3008&nbsp;KB [[EPROM]]/[[wikipedia:Mask ROM|MROM]] (672&nbsp;KB main ROM, 1888&nbsp;KB video ROM, 448&nbsp;KB sound ROM){{fileref|TurboOutRun Arcade JP Flyer.pdf|page=2}}{{ref|[http://www.mamedb.com/game/toutrun Turbo OutRun (MAME)]}}
+
* [[ROM]]: Up to 3008&nbsp;KB [[EPROM]]/[[wikipedia:Mask ROM|MROM]] (672&nbsp;KB main ROM, 1888&nbsp;KB video ROM, 448&nbsp;KB sound ROM){{fileref|TurboOutRun Arcade JP Flyer.pdf|page=2}}
 
}}
 
}}
  
−
===Bandwidth===
+
====Bandwidth====
 
{{multicol|
 
{{multicol|
 
* RAM bandwidth:{{fileref|OutRun Schematics.pdf}}
 
* RAM bandwidth:{{fileref|OutRun Schematics.pdf}}
−
** Main RAM: 40&nbsp;MB/s (32‑bit, 10&nbsp;MHz, 100&nbsp;[[wikipedia:Nanosecond|ns]])
+
:* Main RAM: 40&nbsp;MB/s (32‑bit, 10&nbsp;MHz, 100&nbsp;[[wikipedia:Nanosecond|ns]])
−
** VRAM: [[#Graphics|173.771366&nbsp;MB/s]] (85‑bit)
+
:* VRAM: [[#Graphics|173.771366&nbsp;MB/s]] (85‑bit)
−
** Sound RAM: 25&nbsp;MB/s (24‑bit, 8.333333&nbsp;MHz, 120&nbsp;ns){{fileref|TMM2018 datasheet.pdf}}
+
:* Sound RAM: 25&nbsp;MB/s (24‑bit, 8.333333&nbsp;MHz, 120&nbsp;ns){{fileref|TMM2018 datasheet.pdf}}
 
* ROM bandwidth:{{fileref|OutRun Schematics.pdf}}
 
* ROM bandwidth:{{fileref|OutRun Schematics.pdf}}
−
** Main ROM: 20&nbsp;MB/s (32‑bit, 5&nbsp;MHz, 200&nbsp;ns)
+
:* Main ROM: 20&nbsp;MB/s (32‑bit, 5&nbsp;MHz, 200&nbsp;ns)
−
** Video ROM: [[#Graphics|47&nbsp;MB/s]] (80‑bit)
+
:* Video ROM: [[#Graphics|47&nbsp;MB/s]] (80‑bit)
−
** Sound ROM: 11.764706&nbsp;MB/s (16‑bit, 5.882353&nbsp;MHz, 170&nbsp;ns){{fileref|M27256 datasheet.pdf}}
+
:* Sound ROM: 11.764706&nbsp;MB/s (16‑bit, 5.882353&nbsp;MHz, 170&nbsp;ns){{fileref|M27256 datasheet.pdf}}
 
}}
 
}}
  
−
==Gallery==
+
===''Turbo OutRun'' specifications===
 +
The ''[[Turbo OutRun]]'' hardware is largely identical, but with the following changes:{{ref|[https://sites.google.com/site/jamesskingdom/Home/electronics-by-james-s/inside-manufactured-products#TOC-Sega-s-Turbo-Out-Run-Arcade-Machine Inside Manufactured Products: Sega's Turbo OutRun Arcade Machine]}}
 +
 
 +
====Graphics====
 +
{{multicol|
 +
* Video Board GPU: Sega 171‑5377 VIDEO Board graphics chipset @ 25.1748&nbsp;MHz: 6&nbsp;processors, 80‑bit RAM (189.898989&nbsp;MB/s)
 +
:* 315‑5197 Sega Custom Tilemap Generator FPGA: 16‑bit RAM (18.181818&nbsp;MHz, 55&nbsp;ns, 36.363636&nbsp;MB/s){{fileref|HM65256B datasheet.pdf}}
 +
:* 315‑5211 Sega Custom Sprite Generator FPGA: 48‑bit sprite framebuffer RAM (18.181818&nbsp;MHz, 55&nbsp;ns, 109.090909&nbsp;MB/s){{fileref|HM65256B datasheet.pdf}}
 +
* Main Board GPU: Sega 171‑5376 CPU Board graphics chipset @ 39.99967&nbsp;MHz: 6&nbsp;processors, 5‑bit RAM (6.25&nbsp;MB/s)
 +
* [[Sprite]] plane:
 +
:* Framebuffer [[fillrate]]: 25.1748 [[Pixel|MPixels/s]] (double buffering, 100.6992 MB/s)
 +
:* Texels per frame: 839,160 texels (30 FPS) to 419,200 texels (60.0543 FPS), 1600 texels per scanline
 +
}}
 +
 
 +
====Bandwidth====
 +
* RAM bandwidth:
 +
:* VRAM: 196.148989&nbsp;MB/s (85‑bit)
 +
 
 +
==List of games==
 +
* ''[[Out Run]]'' (1986)
 +
* ''[[Super Hang-On]]'' (1987)
 +
* ''[[Turbo OutRun]]'' (1989)
 +
* ''[[Limited Edition Hang-On]]'' (1991)
 +
 
 +
==Production credits==
 +
{{creditstable|
 +
*[[Hiroshi Yagi]]
 +
*[[Kazuhiko Hamada]]
 +
| source=Developer mentions{{ref|https://web.archive.org/web/20210205150032/https://www.4gamer.net/games/999/G999905/20210126043/}}{{magref|ssmjp|1995-06|65}}
 +
| console=Arcade
 +
}}
 +
 
 +
==Magazine articles==
 +
{{mainArticle|{{PAGENAME}}/Magazine articles}}
 +
 
 +
==Photo gallery==
 
<gallery>
 
<gallery>
 
OutrunHardware topboard.jpg|CPU board (top)
 
OutrunHardware topboard.jpg|CPU board (top)
Line 106: Line 144:
 
OutRun Arcade PCB VideoBoard Bottom.jpg|Video board (bottom)
 
OutRun Arcade PCB VideoBoard Bottom.jpg|Video board (bottom)
 
</gallery>
 
</gallery>
−
 
−
==List of Games==
 
−
* ''[[Out Run]]'' (1986)
 
−
* ''[[Super Hang-On]]'' (1987)
 
−
* ''[[Turbo OutRun]]'' (1989)
 
−
* ''[[Limited Edition Hang-On]]'' (1991)
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
−
{{multicol|
+
<references/>
−
<references />
 
−
}}
 
  
 
{{Sega Arcade Boards}}
 
{{Sega Arcade Boards}}
 
[[Category:Sega System series]]
 
[[Category:Sega System series]]

Latest revision as of 08:01, 16 November 2024

OutrunHardware topboard.jpg
Sega OutRun hardware
Manufacturer: Sega Enterprises, Ltd.
Release Date RRP Code
Arcade
World		 ? 171-5376[1]



































Sega's OutRun hardware was released in 1986 with the driving game OutRun. It is a successor to their Hang-On hardware, making it the second in Sega's Super Scaler series of three-dimensional arcade hardware. It was succeeded by the Sega X Board in 1987.

The OutRun hardware, like the Hang-On hardware, has specifications similar to those of the System 16, with the addition of a second 68000 processor and a separate video board which allowed for an extra graphics layer for the road as well as sprite/texture scaling capabilities. The OutRun hardware can do everything the Hang-On hardware can do, but its processors are clocked higher (allowing for quicker calculations), it has more memory and faster bandwidth, and the video board's capabilities have been expanded, capable of drawing two roads (the Hang-On hardware can only draw one) and rendering sprites/textures using a framebuffer system with a higher fillrate (the Hang-On hardware used a line-buffer system). At the time, the OutRun hardware was a very powerful but expensive arcade board, with arcade operators advised to charge twice as many credits than for regular arcade machines.

Three games made use of the hardware, all of which are driving games. However, only OutRun and Turbo OutRun are truly for this hardware, as Super Hang-On was also released for the Hang-On hardware in a mostly identical form.

Technical specifications

Sega OutRun specifications

  • Board composition: CPU Board (Main Board), Video Board[1]
  • Main CPU: 2× 68000 @ 12.5 MHz: 16/32‑bit instructions, 4.375 MIPS, 32‑bit (2× 16‑bit) data bus, 44‑bit (24‑bit, 20‑bit) address bus[2]
  • Memory Mapper FPGA: Sega 315‑5195 Memory Mapper @ 40 MHz: 16‑bit data bus, 24‑bit address bus[3][2]

Sound

  • Sound CPU: Zilog Z80 @ 4 MHz (8/16‑bit instructions, 0.58 MIPS)
  • Sound chips: 2 chips, 24 channels, 24‑bit bus width[4]
  • Sound DAC: Yamaha YM3012 @ 4 MHz: 16‑bit floating‑point dynamic range[7]
  • Sound FPGA: Sega 315‑5223A (Signetics CK2605) @ 16 MHz: 8‑bit bus width[8][9]

Graphics

  • Video Board GPU: Sega 171‑5377 VIDEO Board graphics chipset @ 25.1748 MHz: 6 processors, 80‑bit RAM (167.521366 MB/s), 64‑bit ROM (37 MB/s)[1][3][4]
  • 315‑5197 Sega Custom Tilemap Generator FPGA: 16‑bit RAM (15.384615 MHz, 65 ns, 30.76923 MB/s), 24‑bit ROM (4 MHz, 250 ns, 12 MB/s)
  • 315‑5211 Sega Custom Sprite Generator FPGA: 16‑bit sprite attribute RAM (22.222222 MHz, 45 ns, 44.444444 MB/s),[10] 48‑bit sprite framebuffer RAM (15.384615 MHz, 65 ns, 92.307692 MB/s),[11] 32‑bit ROM (5 MHz, 200 ns, 20 MB/s)[12]
  • 315‑5227A Signetics CK2678 PAL: 8‑bit ROM (5 MHz, 200 ns, 5 MB/s)[12]
  • 315‑5228 Signetics CK2605 FPGA: 8‑bit[8][9]
  • 315‑5242 Sega Custom Color Encoder: 16‑bit
  • 8255‑2 NEC µPD8255AC‑2: 24‑bit (3× 8‑bit) PPI (Programmable Peripheral Interface)[13]
  • Main Board GPU: Sega 171‑5376 CPU Board graphics chipset @ 39.99967 MHz: 6 processors, 5‑bit RAM (6.25 MB/s), 16‑bit ROM (10 MB/s)[3][1][14]
  • 2× 315‑5155 Sega Road Bit Extraction PAL: 16‑bit (2× 8‑bit), 2× 5 MHz ROM (200 ns, 10 MB/s)[12]
  • 315‑5222 Signetics PLS153N Road Mixing FPGA: 8‑bit internal (33.333333 MHz),[15] 5‑bit RAM (10 MHz, 100 ns, 6.25 MB/s)
  • 315‑5223A Signetics CK2605 FPGA: 8‑bit internal,[8][9] 4‑bit external
  • 2× MMI PAL16R4 (315‑5225, 315‑5226) PAL: 16‑bit (2× 8‑bit)[16]
  • Fixed-point arithmetic capabilities: Z-buffering, depth map[17]
  • Video resolution: 320×224 (display), 400×262 (overscan),[1] progressive scan
  • 16-bit color palette: 15‑bit RGB color depth (32,768 colors), 1‑bit shadow & highlight triples up to 98,304 colors
  • Colors on screen: 12,288[1]
  • Graphical planes:
  • 2 tilemap layers
  • 1 text layer
  • 1 sprite layer
  • 1 road layer
  • Translucent shadows
  • Video clock rate: 25.1748 MHz (60.0543 Hz refresh rate)
  • Sprite plane: Sprite/Texture framebuffer, hardware sprite-scaling/zooming, 128 on‑screen sprites per frame, 7680 sprites/textures scaled per second, 16 colors (4‑bit) per sprite/texture
  • Framebuffer: 512×256 resolution, double buffering,[6] 16-bit color depth
  • Sprite/Texture sizes: 8×8 to 512×256 texels
  • Framebuffer fillrate: 23.076923 MPixels/s (double buffering, 92.307692 MB/s)
  • Texels per frame: 769,230 texels (30 FPS) to 384,267 texels (60.0543 FPS), 1466 texels per scanline, 128 sprites per scanline
  • Tilemap resolution: 512×256 (1024×512 virtual resolution)
  • Colors per tile: 8 colors (3‑bit)
  • Tile size: 8×8 pixels (24 bytes)
  • Tile fillrate: 15.384615 MPixels/s, 240,384 tiles/sec (5.769231 MB/s)
  • Tiles per frame: 4002 tiles and 256,178 texels (60.0543 FPS) to 8012 tiles and 512,820 texels (30 FPS)
  • Tiles per scanline: 978 texels, 122 tiles
  • Road plane: Can draw 2 roads at once, bitmap/texture, 512×256 resolution per road[17]
  • Colors per pixel: 8 colors (3‑bit)
  • Road fillrate: 1024 texels per scanline, 268,288 texels per frame, 16.111848 MPixels/s (6.041943 MB/s)

Memory

  • Memory: Up to 3.6 MB (736 KB main, 2496 KB video, 454 KB sound)
  • RAM: 670 KB SRAM (Static RAM)[1][19]
  • CPU Board: 8 KB (4 KB roads, 4 KB other)[10]
  • Video Board: 600 KB (512 KB dual sprite framebuffers,[6][11] 4 KB sprite attributes,[10] 64 KB tilemaps,[11] 4 KB text, 8 KB colors, 4 KB other)
  • Sound RAM: 6 KB (3× 2 KB)[10]
  • ROM: Up to 3008 KB EPROM/MROM (672 KB main ROM, 1888 KB video ROM, 448 KB sound ROM)[21]

Bandwidth

  • Main RAM: 40 MB/s (32‑bit, 10 MHz, 100 ns)
  • VRAM: 173.771366 MB/s (85‑bit)
  • Sound RAM: 25 MB/s (24‑bit, 8.333333 MHz, 120 ns)[10]
  • Main ROM: 20 MB/s (32‑bit, 5 MHz, 200 ns)
  • Video ROM: 47 MB/s (80‑bit)
  • Sound ROM: 11.764706 MB/s (16‑bit, 5.882353 MHz, 170 ns)[12]

Turbo OutRun specifications

The Turbo OutRun hardware is largely identical, but with the following changes:[22]

Graphics

  • Video Board GPU: Sega 171‑5377 VIDEO Board graphics chipset @ 25.1748 MHz: 6 processors, 80‑bit RAM (189.898989 MB/s)
  • 315‑5197 Sega Custom Tilemap Generator FPGA: 16‑bit RAM (18.181818 MHz, 55 ns, 36.363636 MB/s)[11]
  • 315‑5211 Sega Custom Sprite Generator FPGA: 48‑bit sprite framebuffer RAM (18.181818 MHz, 55 ns, 109.090909 MB/s)[11]
  • Main Board GPU: Sega 171‑5376 CPU Board graphics chipset @ 39.99967 MHz: 6 processors, 5‑bit RAM (6.25 MB/s)
  • Sprite plane:
  • Framebuffer fillrate: 25.1748 MPixels/s (double buffering, 100.6992 MB/s)
  • Texels per frame: 839,160 texels (30 FPS) to 419,200 texels (60.0543 FPS), 1600 texels per scanline

Bandwidth

  • RAM bandwidth:
  • VRAM: 196.148989 MB/s (85‑bit)

List of games

Production credits

Source:
Developer mentions[23][24]


Magazine articles

Main article: Sega OutRun hardware/Magazine articles.

Photo gallery

  • CPU board (top)

  • CPU board (bottom)

  • Video board (top)

  • Video board (bottom)

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Sega OutRun hardware (MAME)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 File:OutRun Schematics.pdf, page 2
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Sega 16‑Bit common hardware (MAME)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 File:OutRun Schematics.pdf, page 8
  5. ↑ File:YM2151 datasheet.pdf
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Sega "X-Board" hardware notes (2004-12-03)
  7. ↑ File:YM3012 datasheet.pdf
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 File:303A-011A Device List.pdf, page 11
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 File:CK2605 Fusemap.pdf
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 File:TMM2018 datasheet.pdf
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 File:HM65256B datasheet.pdf
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 File:M27256 datasheet.pdf
  13. ↑ File:UPD8255A datasheet.pdf
  14. ↑ File:OutRun Schematics.pdf, page 5
  15. ↑ File:PLS153 datasheet.pdf
  16. ↑ File:PAL16R datasheet.pdf
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lou's Pseudo 3D Page
  18. ↑ Sega System 16B hardware notes (2003-01-12)
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 File:OutRun Schematics.pdf
  20. ↑ File:TMM2063P datasheet.pdf
  21. ↑ File:TurboOutRun Arcade JP Flyer.pdf, page 2
  22. ↑ Inside Manufactured Products: Sega's Turbo OutRun Arcade Machine
  23. ↑ https://www.4gamer.net/games/999/G999905/20210126043/ (Wayback Machine: 2021-02-05 15:00)
  24. ↑ Sega Saturn Magazine, "June 1995" (JP; 1995-05-08), page 65


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