David Perry

David Perry
Place of birth: Lisburn, Ireland, United Kingdom
Date of birth: 1967-04-04 (age 57)
Company(ies): Mikro-Gen, Probe Software, Virgin Games USA, Shiny Entertainment, Gaikai
Role(s): Programmer, Designer, Executive

David Perry is an Irish video game programmer and designer, and founder of American developer Shiny Entertainment. Known for his numerous contributions to the game software industry, and for his particular style of direction-driven camera control in his various Sega Mega Drive games, Perry has become one of the Western game world's more recognizable celebrity developers, and has remained working in the game industry (most notably co-founding game streaming service Gaikai in 2008.)

History

Born in April 1967 in Lisburn, Ireland, Perry has always had a fascination with video games. Beginning coding as a bedroom programmer at a very young age, he was already authoring his own computer software instruction books by 1982 (when he was only 15 years of age), and coded a number of small ZX Spectrum titles. His very first game, a driving title featuring indistinct black blobs avoiding one another, was sent to a home computer magazine which proceeded to actually publish it. After sending them a few more games, the magazine awarded him with a check for £450 - while delighted, Perry was only a teenager at the time, and initially had no bank account with which to cash it.

Perry continued to code his own games until offered a paid programming position: a £3,500 a year role as an apprentice game developer, working under veteran programmer Andy Lawrie. Lawrie would end up as one of Perry's biggest influences, teaching the young programmer to solidify his passions into something he could eventually build a business upon, and instilling a sense that successful businesses are both run personally and aren't afraid to branch out into multiple projects at once.

“	Well, when I started out in the industry I worked for a guy called Andy Lawrie. He was really good, which meant you couldn't bullshit him at all. You couldn't hide behind anything, because he understood it all. So, when you work for somebody who is very technical, and understands and has creative solutions to your problems, it spurs you along and stops you making excuses for things. And I found that very useful.	„
— David Perry

Probe Software

Perry moved to London, England at the age of 17 to accept a job at developer GameTek, where he was thrust headfirst into the video game industry. Cutting his teeth at the small developer, he later moved onto a larger and more notable company, Probe Software. Perry quickly became good friends with Probe head Fergus McGovern, and gained a considerable amount of experience working for the British development company.

Virgin Games USA

After moving to California in 1991 to work for Virgin Games USA, Perry quickly settled into his new position and was able to really begin leaving a mark on the gaming landscape, developing a number of award-winning and high-profile third-party 16-bit games, including the critically-acclaimed Disney's Aladdin. Perry's work had a profound impact on both the studio's success and reputation, and he soon found himself as one of few Western video game developers whose name was recognized by the gaming public.

While David Perry departed Virgin Games USA in 1993, the company continued to release games based on his code, like RoboCop Versus The Terminator and The Jungle Book, as well as the critically-acclaimed flagship Mega-CD game The Terminator.

Shiny Entertainment

David Perry visits with an Earthworm Jim fan on a tour of Shiny Entertainment.

While satisfied with his time at Virgin Games USA, Perry wished to have more direct control over the future of his work and legacy, and in October 1993, left Virgin to form his own independent video game development company Shiny Entertainment. Based in Laguna Beach, California, the small studio began developing an original property based around a lowly earthworm who finds himself in control of an anthropomorphizing power suit - what would later become the Mega Drive action platform game Earthworm Jim. Critically-acclaimed and commercially successful, Earthworm Jim quickly became Shiny's most recognizable game, and its popularity provided the momentum for a highly-lauded sequel, Earthworm Jim 2, and the establishment of an eventual video game franchise.

The company's continued success constantly drew the eye of investors looking to acquire the profitable studio, including offers by both Nintendo and Sony to become an exclusively second-party developer for the Japanese developers. However, Perry instead decided to sell Shiny's acquisition rights to Interplay Productions in 1995, with Shiny retaining their own identity, management, and most of its former independence. Still, about half the studio decided to leave upon hearing the news, and through the leadership of former Shiny employee and claymation artist Doug TenNapel would later establish the nearby game development company The Neverhood. During this time, Perry also established a "no sequels" policy, ensuring that new games developed by the company would be first associated with Shiny Entertainment before they were associated with an existing franchise.

Shiny's next high-profile video game was the 1997 first-person shooter game MDK, the company's first personal computer game. Developed with the same self-aware humor present in Earthworm Jim, MDK also went on to achieve critical acclaim and commercial success. Most notably, Perry had the game pre-installed on every first-generation Apple iMac sold, ensuring the name Shiny Entertainment continued to grow in its exposure to the gaming public.

As the company's President, Shiny Entertainment provided Perry a means to work in a hands-on way with his company and creations, something he had sought to do from the very start. The programmer even sat in for a college course for payroll management so he could better understand how companies manage their payroll, and eventually used the knowledge to manage Shiny's payroll system entire by himself. During this time, he also attended photography classes for similar reasons, and developed a notable skill for public relations, continuing to seek as much of a direct role in Shiny's success as possible.

While Shiny was experiencing relatively productive business, their parent Interplay Productions had encountered significant financial troubles, and in April 2002 sold Shiny Entertainment to Infogrames for $47,000,000. While initially proceeding much like Interplay's acquisition, with the studio able to retain a notable degree of independence, nevertheless Perry soon ran into issues: upon pitching an original game concept to the parent company, an undeveloped game titled Plague, Perry was informed that he would have to significantly downsize the project's scope for it to even be approved. Seeing his diminishing control over his company, Perry officially left Shiny Entertainment on February 16, 2005. With the studio's recognizable head now absent, Infogrames (now known as Atari) was free to downsize the company, firing 20% of Shiny's staff and selling off all of its internal studios.

After Perry's departure in 2006, he retired from direct involvement in the game industry to act solely as a consultant and investor for his newly-founded companies GameConsultants.com and GameInvestors.com. Soon after leaving, and after Atari's lack of funding resulted in Shiny's significant downsizing, Perry offered to find Atari a buyer for Shiny, but was told that it was already being handled. After no acquirement agreements were made for some time, Perry later received a call from The Collective offering to buy the company. Surprised that Atari had misinformed him to such a degree, Perry accepted, and soon Shiny merged with The Collective (who retained its name post-merger) and the resulting company moved into new offices based in Irvine, California.

Gaikai

Perry founded video game streaming service Gaikai in November 2008, an online cloud gaming company which runs video games on the company's servers, streaming the video to the player while responding to their inputs with as little lag as possible. He originally ran into some difficulty marketing the service, as such an idea was relatively novel, and Perry initially found its significance was difficult to communicate to investors.

First launching its services in late 2009, Gaikai soon attracted the attention of a number of large technology companies, and Perry entertained a number of offers for acquiring the company before settling on Sony, who officially acquired the company in July 2012 for $380,000,000. As opposed to his previous two acquisitions, Perry felt much more confident in Sony's purchase, as he believed in both the company and the its reputation for quality (both in their business and the quality of their product.)

“	Quality is so important. That's what made me very comfortable. It was a very comfortable discussion, and very easy for me to make the decision because PlayStation to me means top-quality gaming. So let's see if we can add cloud gaming to that. [And] Sony paid a lot of money for our company, and I don't think they would have done that [if cloud gaming were not part of their strategy]. If they had bought us for a million, they could easily just throw us in a cupboard somewhere. When they spend a lot of money, it makes me very comfortable that they are going to really take this very seriously, and listen to what we have to say, and try to use the technology and the team that we have to the best of their ability. So, I feel very comfortable with the size of the deal.	„
— David Perry

Later career

Perry left Gaikai in July 2007 to join GoVYRL, a technology company where he builds systems for brands to reach their social media influencers.

Camera control

While working at Virgin Games USA, Perry would largely refine his particular style of camera control - meant to address the issue of player characters being too close to the edge of the screen during gameplay (and therefore having less reaction time to avoid upcoming hazards), Perry sought to solve the issue by keeping the camera focused on the space directly in front of the player character, and by not keeping the character directly in the center of the screen. When the player faces the character a certain direction, the camera will snap to the direction faced and keep the area in front of the character visible. While designed with the best of intentions, the camera system is also known for its jerky movement during precise platforming, as making quick adjustments to the character's direction (while jumping, for example) will rapidly whip the camera back and forth in the pressed directions and cause a slightly nauseating effect.

Cameos

David Perry's cameo in the debug menu of Disney's Aladdin.

David Perry makes a number of cameo appearances in the games he developed, with his name often appearing in their respective debug screens, and most notably as a digitized photograph of his head in the debug menus of the Sega Mega Drive games Cool Spot and Disney's Aladdin.

List of game appearances

Mega Drive

• The Terminator (1992)
• Cool Spot (1993)
• Disney's Aladdin (1993)
• Earthworm Jim (1994)
• Earthworm Jim 2 (1995)

Production history

Games

• The Terminator (Mega Drive; 1992) — Programmed by
• Mick & Mack as the Global Gladiators (Mega Drive; 1992) — Programmed by
• The Terminator (Mega-CD; 1993) — Original Concept (as Dave Perry)
• The Terminator (Mega-CD; 1993) — Programming Assistance
• Disney's Aladdin (Mega Drive; 1993) — Programming & Project Management
• Disney's Aladdin (Mega Drive; 1993) — Animation Engine by
• Disney's Aladdin (Mega Drive; 1993) — Original Design by
• Cool Spot (Mega Drive; 1993) — Programmed by
• The Jungle Book (Mega Drive; 1994) — Game Design
• Earthworm Jim (Mega Drive; 1994) — Programming

Music

• Video Games Live: Level 2 (CD; 2010) — Special thanks to

Interviews

• Interview: David Perry (1993-05) by Mega Force (Spain)
• Interview: David Perry (1999-10-20) by Eurogamer
• Interview: David Perry (2005-06-10) by Sega-16

External links

• Official website
• David Perry - From An Earthworm To Gaikai, Sony And A $380m Sale article by Daniel Nye Griffiths at Forbes
• David Perry of Shiny interview by Gestalt at Eurogamer