Difference between revisions of "Sega Model 1"

Revision as of 22:55, 15 November 2015

Sega Model 1

Manufacturer: Sega

Release	Date	RRP	Code

The Sega Model 1 is an arcade system board released by Sega in 1992. It is the successor to the Sega System 32 arcade boards, and was succeeded by the Sega Model 2 series. It was Sega's first hardware designed for 3D polygon graphics.

Originally, the Model 1 was simply known as the CG Board, but was retroactively given the Model 1 name after work on the Model 2 began.

Hardware

It began development in 1990,^[1] and released in 1992. The Model 1 was intended to compete with Namco's System 21; Namco was then the market leader in polygonal 3D video games, with titles such as Galaxian³ and Starblade.^[2] While it was a significant improvement over the System 21, the Model 1 hardware was expensive, and only a few games were developed for the platform.

Contrary to popular opinion, Lockheed Martin was not involved with the development of the Model 1, but it was developed internally at Sega, before Lockheed Martin became involved with the development of the Sega Model 2, according to Real3D's Jon Lenyo (and former Lockheed Martin employee) in 1998. ^[1]

Technical Specifications

Board composition: CPU Board + Video Board + ROM Board + I/O Board + Comm Board + Sound Board + Motor Board + Amp Board^[3]
Main CPU: NEC V60 @ 16 MHz
- Fixed-point arithmetic: 32-bit RISC instructions @ 3.5 MIPS (million instructions per second)
- Floating-point unit: 32-bit and 64-bit operations @ 16 MFLOPS^[4]
Graphics board: Sega 837-7894 171-6080D VIDEO PCB @ 36 MHz ^[3]
GPU coprocessors: 5× Fujitsu TGP MB86233 / MB86933 @ 20 MHz^[4] (geometrizer, rasterizer,^[5] DSP, FPU)
- Coprocessor abilities: Floating decimal point operation function, axis rotation operation function, 3D matrix operation function
- Fixed-point arithmetic: 32-bit instructions @ 95 MIPS (19 MIPS each)^[4]
- Floating-point unit: 32-bit operations @ 80 MFLOPS (16 MFLOPS each)
Sound CPU: Toshiba TMP68000N-10 (68000) @ 12 MHz^[3]
Sound chips: 2× Sega 315-5560 Custom MultiPCM
- Audio capabilities: 28 PCM channels per chip (one for music, one for sound effects), 56 PCM channels total
Sound timer: Yamaha YM3834 @ 8 MHz
Memory: Up to 37.21875 MB (5984 KB main, 23.0625 MB video, 8512 KB audio)
- RAM: 2776 KB (1896 KB high-speed SRAM) ^[3]
  - Main RAM: 480 KB (at least 156 KB SRAM)
    - CPU Board: 324 KB (320 KB main, 4 KB comm)
    - Comm Board: 12 KB SRAM (8 KB SRAM, 4 KB DP SRAM)^[6]^[7]
    - Other boards: 144 KB SRAM (128 KB ROM Board, 8 KB I/O Board, 8 KB Motor Board)
  - Video RAM: 2232 KB (at least 1464 KB SRAM)
    - CPU Board: 768 KB (128 KB display lists, 576 KB tiles, 64 KB color)
    - Video Board: 1464 KB SRAM
  - Audio RAM: 64 KB (16 KB SRAM)
- ROM: Up to 35,336 KB (5504 KB main, 21,384 KB video,^[8] 8448 KB audio)^[9]
Display resolution: 496×384 pixels, 24 kHz H-Sync, progressive scan (non-interlaced) ^[3]
- Overscan resolution: 656×496 pixels
- Refresh rate: 49.173879 Hz
- Pixel clock rate: 16 MHz
Frame rate: 30 to 49.173879 frames per second
Color palette: 16,777,216 (16-bit high color depth and 256 luminance levels) ^[5]
Colors on screen: 190,464 (496×384)
Graphical capabilities: Shading, flat shading, diffuse reflection, specular reflection, 2 layers of background scrolling, alpha blending, alpha channel, lighting ^[5]
Geometric performance: 180,000 polygons/sec (with all effects), 540,000 vectors/sec
Rendering fillrate: 36 million pixels/sec (1.2 million pixels per frame)

List of Sega Model 1 Games

Virtua Racing (1992)
Star Wars Arcade (1993)
Virtua Fighter (1993)
Wing War (1994)
Sega VR-1 (1994)
Dennoo Senki Net Merc (1995)

Gallery

Unit
Amplifier PCB
Communication PCB
CPU
Input/Output PCB
Sound PCB
Video PCB

Sega arcade boards
Originating in arcades
77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 VIC Dual G80 Zaxxon VCO Object System 1 LaserDisc Appoooh Hang-On System 2 System 16 OutRun Gigas X Board Y Board System 24 System 18 System 32 Model 1 Model 2 H1 Board Model 3 ↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html ↑ https://archive.org/stream/mean-machines-sega-magazine-19/MMSega_19_May_1994#page/n49/mode/2up ↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp ↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 http://www.sega-arcade.de/hardware.htm ↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/model1.cpp ↑ http://www.datasheets360.com/part/detail/mb8421-12lp/-6698820269528857496/ ↑ http://www.datasheets360.com/part/detail/mb8431-90lp/-8066825331349743656/ ↑ http://mamedb.com/game/vformula ↑ http://mamedb.com/game/vf
Console-based hardware
84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 SG-1000 System E System C Mega-Tech System Mega Play Sega Titan Video NAOMI Hikaru NAOMI 2 Atomiswave System SP Chihiro Triforce
PC-based hardware
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Lindbergh Europa-R RingEdge RingWide RingEdge 2 Nu Nu 1.1 Nu 2 ALLS

[http:.2F.2Fwww.thg.ru.2Fsmoke.2F19991022.2Fprint.html-1] 1.0 ^1.1 http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html

[https:.2F.2Farchive.org.2Fstream.2Fmean-machines-sega-magazine-19.2FMMSega_19_May_1994.23page.2Fn49.2Fmode.2F2up-2] ttps://archive.org/stream/mean-machines-sega-magazine-19/MMSega_19_May_1994#page/n49/mode/2up

[https:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fmamedev.2Fmame.2Fblob.2Fmaster.2Fsrc.2Fmame.2Fdrivers.2Fmodel1.cpp-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp

[http:.2F.2Fwww.sega-arcade.de.2Fhardware.htm-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 http://www.sega-arcade.de/hardware.htm

[https:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fmamedev.2Fmame.2Fblob.2Fmaster.2Fsrc.2Fmame.2Fvideo.2Fmodel1.cpp-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/model1.cpp

[http:.2F.2Fwww.datasheets360.com.2Fpart.2Fdetail.2Fmb8421-12lp.2F-6698820269528857496.2F-6] ttp://www.datasheets360.com/part/detail/mb8421-12lp/-6698820269528857496/

[http:.2F.2Fwww.datasheets360.com.2Fpart.2Fdetail.2Fmb8431-90lp.2F-8066825331349743656.2F-7] ttp://www.datasheets360.com/part/detail/mb8431-90lp/-8066825331349743656/

[http:.2F.2Fmamedb.com.2Fgame.2Fvformula-8] ttp://mamedb.com/game/vformula

[http:.2F.2Fmamedb.com.2Fgame.2Fvf-9] ttp://mamedb.com/game/vf

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 It began development in 1990,{{ref|http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html}} and released in 1992. The Model 1 was intended to compete with [[Namco]]'s [[wikia:w:c:gaming:Namco System 21|System 21]]; Namco was then the market leader in polygonal 3D video games, with titles such as ''[[wikipedia:Galaxian 3|Galaxian³]]'' and ''[[Starblade]]''.{{ref|https://archive.org/stream/mean-machines-sega-magazine-19/MMSega_19_May_1994#page/n49/mode/2up}} While it was a significant improvement over the System 21, the Model 1 hardware was expensive, and only a few games were developed for the platform.
-Contrary to popular opinion, [[Lockheed Martin]] was not actually involved with the development of the Model 1, but it was developed internally at Sega, before Lockheed Martin became involved with the development of the [[Sega Model 2]], according to Real3D's Jon Lenyo (and former Lockheed Martin employee) in 1998.{{ref|http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html}}
+Contrary to popular opinion, [[Lockheed Martin]] was not involved with the development of the Model 1, but it was developed internally at Sega, before Lockheed Martin became involved with the development of the [[Sega Model 2]], according to Real3D's Jon Lenyo (and former Lockheed Martin employee) in 1998. {{ref|http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html}}
 ==Technical Specifications==
@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 ** [[wikipedia:Floating-point unit|Floating-point unit]]: [[wikipedia:Single-precision floating-point format|32-bit]] and [[wikipedia:Double-precision floating-point format|64-bit operations]] @ 16 MFLOPS{{ref|http://www.sega-arcade.de/hardware.htm}}
 * [[wikipedia:Video card|Graphics board]]: Sega 837-7894 171-6080D VIDEO [[wikipedia:Printed circuit board|PCB]] @ 36&nbsp;MHz {{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp}}
-* [[wikia:w:c:gaming:Graphics processing unit|GPU]] [[wikipedia:Coprocessor|coprocessors]]: 5× [[Fujitsu]] TGP MB86233 / MB86933 @ 20 MHz{{ref|http://www.sega-arcade.de/hardware.htm}} ([[wikipedia:Geometry pipelines|geometrizer]], [[wikipedia:Rasterisation|rasterizer]], [[wikipedia:Digital signal processor|DSP]], [[wikipedia:Floating point unit|FPU]])
+* [[wikia:w:c:gaming:Graphics processing unit|GPU]] [[wikipedia:Coprocessor|coprocessors]]: 5× [[Fujitsu]] TGP MB86233 / MB86933 @ 20 MHz{{ref|http://www.sega-arcade.de/hardware.htm}} ([[wikipedia:Geometry pipelines|geometrizer]], [[wikipedia:Rasterisation|rasterizer]],{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/model1.cpp}} [[wikipedia:Digital signal processor|DSP]], [[wikipedia:Floating point unit|FPU]])
 ** Coprocessor abilities: [[wikipedia:Decimal floating point|Floating decimal point]] operation function, axis rotation operation function, [[wikia:w:c:gaming:Three-dimensional|3D]] [[wikipedia:Matrix (mathematics)|matrix operation]] function
 ** Fixed-point arithmetic: 32-bit instructions @ 95 MIPS (19 MIPS each){{ref|http://www.sega-arcade.de/hardware.htm}}
@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 * Sound timer: [[Yamaha]] YM3834 @ 8&nbsp;MHz
 * Memory: Up to 37.21875 [[Byte|MB]] (5984 [[Byte|KB]] main, 23.0625 MB video, 8512 KB audio)
-** [[RAM]]: 2776 KB (1896 KB high-speed [[SRAM]]){{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp}}
+** [[RAM]]: 2776 KB (1896 KB high-speed [[SRAM]]) {{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp}}
 *** Main RAM: 480 KB (at least 156 KB SRAM)
 **** CPU Board: 324 KB (320 KB main, 4 KB comm)
@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 *** Audio RAM: 64 KB (16 KB SRAM)
 ** [[ROM]]: Up to 35,336 KB (5504 KB main, 21,384 KB video,{{ref|http://mamedb.com/game/vformula}} 8448 KB audio){{ref|http://mamedb.com/game/vf}}
-* Display resolution: 496×384 pixels, 24&nbsp;kHz [[wikipedia:Horizontal scan rate|horizontal sync]], [[wikipedia:Progressive scan|progressive scan]] (non-interlaced) {{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp}}
+* Display resolution: 496×384 pixels, 24&nbsp;kHz [[wikipedia:Horizontal scan rate|H-Sync]], [[wikipedia:Progressive scan|progressive scan]] (non-interlaced) {{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp}}
 ** Overscan resolution: 656×496 pixels
 ** [[wikipedia:Refresh rate|Refresh rate]]: 49.173879&nbsp;Hz
 ** Pixel clock rate: 16&nbsp;MHz
 * [[wikipedia:Frame rate|Frame rate]]: 30 to 49.173879 frames per second
-* [[wikia:w:c:gaming:List of color palettes|Color palette]]: 16,777,216 ([[wikia:w:c:gaming:List of RGB palettes#16-bit RGB|16-bit]] [[wikipedia:high color|high color]] [[wikipedia:Color depth|depth]] and 256 luminance levels)
+* [[wikia:w:c:gaming:List of color palettes|Color palette]]: 16,777,216 ([[wikia:w:c:gaming:List of RGB palettes#16-bit RGB|16-bit]] [[wikipedia:high color|high color]] [[wikipedia:Color depth|depth]] and 256 luminance levels) {{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/model1.cpp}}
 * Colors on screen: 190,464 (496×384)
-* Graphical capabilities: [[wikipedia:Shading|Shading]], [http://www.giantbomb.com/flat-shading/3015-2277/ flat shading], [[wikipedia:Diffuse reflection|diffuse reflection]], [[wikipedia:Specular reflection|specular reflection]], 2 layers of background [[wikipedia:Scrolling|scrolling]], [[wikipedia:Alpha blending|alpha blending]], [[wikipedia:Alpha compositing|alpha channel]], [[wikipedia:Computer graphics lighting|lighting]]
+* Graphical capabilities: [[wikipedia:Shading|Shading]], [http://www.giantbomb.com/flat-shading/3015-2277/ flat shading], [[wikipedia:Diffuse reflection|diffuse reflection]], [[wikipedia:Specular reflection|specular reflection]], 2 layers of background [[wikipedia:Scrolling|scrolling]], [[wikipedia:Alpha blending|alpha blending]], [[wikipedia:Alpha compositing|alpha channel]], [[wikipedia:Computer graphics lighting|lighting]] {{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/model1.cpp}}
 * [[wikipedia:Digital geometry|Geometric]] performance: 180,000 [[wikia:w:c:gaming:Three-dimensional|polygons]]/sec (with all effects), 540,000 [[wikia:w:c:gaming:Vector graphics|vectors]]/sec
 * Rendering [[wikipedia:Fillrate|fillrate]]: 36 million [[pixel]]s/sec (1.2 million pixels per frame)