Difference between revisions of "Sega Model 1"

Revision as of 21:00, 21 November 2015

Sega Model 1

Manufacturer: Sega

Release	Date	RRP	Code

The Sega Model 1 is an arcade system board released by Sega in 1992. It is the successor to the Sega System 32 arcade boards, and was succeeded by the Sega Model 2 series. It was Sega's first hardware designed for 3D polygon graphics.

Originally, the Model 1 was simply known as the CG Board, but was retroactively given the Model 1 name after work on the Model 2 began.

Hardware

It began development in 1990,^[1] with Yu Suzuki's Sega AM2 team involved in its development from the drawing board.^[2] The Model 1 was intended to compete with Namco's System 21; Namco was then the market leader in polygonal 3D video games, with titles such as Galaxian³ and Starblade.^[3] The Model 1 was eventually released in 1992, debuting with Virtua Racing. While it was a significant improvement over the System 21, the Model 1 hardware was expensive, and only a few games were developed for the platform.

Contrary to popular opinion, Lockheed Martin was not involved with the development of the Model 1, but it was developed internally at Sega, before Lockheed Martin became involved with the development of the Sega Model 2, according to former Lockheed Martin employee, Real3D's Jon Lenyo, in 1998. ^[1]

Technical Specifications

Board composition: CPU Board, Video Board, ROM Board, I/O Board, Comm Board, Sound Board, Motor Board, Amp Board ^[4]
Main CPU: NEC V60 @ 16 MHz ^[5]^[6]
- Fixed-point arithmetic: 32-bit RISC instructions @ 3.5 MIPS
- Floating-point unit: 32-bit & 64-bit operations @ 16 MFLOPS
- Bus width: 32-bit
Additional CPU: 3× Zilog Z80 @ 4 MHz (8-bit & 16-bit instructions @ 1.74 MIPS) ^[4]
- CPU for I/O Board, Comm Board and Motor Board
DMA controllers: Fujitsu MB89374, Fujitsu MB89237A ^[4]

Sound

Sound CPU: Toshiba TMP68000N-10 (68000) @ 12 MHz ^[4]
Sound chips: 2× Sega 315-5560 Custom MultiPCM
- Audio capabilities: 28 PCM channels per chip (one for music, one for sound effects), 56 PCM channels total
Sound timer: Yamaha YM3834 @ 8 MHz

Graphics

Graphics board: Sega 837-7894 171-6080D VIDEO PCB @ 36 MHz ^[7]
GPU coprocessors: 5× Fujitsu TGP MB86233 DSP ^[8] @ 16 MHz (geometrizer, rasterizer,^[9] FPU, ALU) ^[10]
- Coprocessor abilities: Floating decimal point operation function, axis rotation operation function, 3D matrix operation function, DMA, T&L (transform, clipping, lighting) ^[11]
- Fixed-point arithmetic: 32-bit instructions @ 80 MIPS (16 MIPS each)
- Floating-point unit: 32-bit operations @ 80 MFLOPS (16 MFLOPS each)
- Bus width: 32-bit
Display resolution: 496×384 pixels, 24 kHz H-Sync, progressive scan (non-interlaced) ^[4]
- Overscan resolution: 656×496 pixels
Frame rate: 30–60 frames/sec
Color palette: 16,777,216 (16-bit high color depth and 256 luminance levels) ^[9]
- Colors on screen: 190,464 (496×384)
Graphical capabilities: Shading, flat shading, diffuse reflection, specular reflection, 2 layers of background scrolling, alpha blending, alpha channel, lighting ^[9]
Geometric performance: 180,000 polygons/sec (with all effects), 540,000 vectors/sec
Rendering fillrate: 36 million pixels/sec

Memory

Memory: Up to 38,142 KB (5984 KB main, 23,646 KB video, 8512 KB audio)
System RAM: 2776 KB (1896 KB high-speed SRAM) ^[4]
- Main RAM: 480 KB (at least 156 KB SRAM)
  - CPU Board: 324 KB (320 KB main, 4 KB comm)
  - Comm Board: 12 KB SRAM (8 KB SRAM, 4 KB Dual-Port SRAM) ^[12]^[13]
  - Other boards: 144 KB SRAM (128 KB ROM Board, 8 KB I/O Board, 8 KB Motor Board)
- VRAM: 2232 KB (at least 1464 KB SRAM)
  - CPU Board: 768 KB (128 KB display lists, 576 KB tiles, 64 KB color)
  - Video Board: 1464 KB SRAM
- Audio RAM: 64 KB (16 KB SRAM)
Internal DSP cache: 30 KB (6 KB per DSP) ^[10]
Game ROM: Up to 35,336 KB (5504 KB main, 21,384 KB video,^[14] 8448 KB audio)^[15]

Bandwidth

System RAM bandwidth: 432 MB/sec ^[4]
- Main RAM: 65.939767 MB/sec
  - CPU Board: 54.495675 MB/sec (32-bit, 14.285714 MHz) ^[10]
  - Other boards: 11.444092 MB/sec (3× 8-bit, 4 MHz) ^[16]^[17]^[13]
- VRAM: 346.790661 MB/sec (5× 32-bit, 18.181818 MHz) ^[18]
- Audio RAM: 19.073486 MB/sec (16-bit, 10 MHz) ^[16]

List of Sega Model 1 Games

Virtua Racing (1992)
Star Wars Arcade (1993)
Virtua Fighter (1993)
Wing War (1994)
Sega VR-1 (1994)
Dennoo Senki Net Merc (1995)

Gallery

Unit
Amplifier PCB
Communication PCB
CPU
Input/Output PCB
Sound PCB
Video PCB

Sega arcade boards
Originating in arcades
77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 VIC Dual G80 Zaxxon VCO Object System 1 LaserDisc Appoooh Hang-On System 2 System 16 OutRun Gigas X Board Y Board System 24 System 18 System 32 Model 1 Model 2 H1 Board Model 3 ↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html ↑ http://www.1up.com/features/disappearance-suzuki-part-1 ↑ File:MeanMachinesSega19UK.pdf, page 51 ↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp ↑ File:Overview of 32-bit V-Series Microprocessor.pdf ↑ File:UPD70616ProgrammersReferenceManual.pdf ↑ https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp#L203 ↑ http://members.iinet.net.au/~lantra9jp1/gurudumps/m2status/index.html ↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/model1.cpp ↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 File:MB86232 datasheet.pdf ↑ http://wiki.mamedev.org/index.php/TGP:Index ↑ File:MB8421 datasheet.pdf ↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 File:MB8431 datasheet.pdf ↑ http://mamedb.com/game/vformula ↑ http://mamedb.com/game/vf ↑ ^16.0 ^16.1 File:MB8464A datasheet.pdf ↑ File:MB8432 datasheet.pdf ↑ File:HM65256B datasheet.pdf
Console-based hardware
84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 SG-1000 System E System C Mega-Tech System Mega Play Sega Titan Video NAOMI Hikaru NAOMI 2 Atomiswave System SP Chihiro Triforce
PC-based hardware
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Lindbergh Europa-R RingEdge RingWide RingEdge 2 Nu Nu 1.1 Nu 2 ALLS

[http:.2F.2Fwww.thg.ru.2Fsmoke.2F19991022.2Fprint.html-1] 1.0 ^1.1 http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html

[http:.2F.2Fwww.1up.com.2Ffeatures.2Fdisappearance-suzuki-part-1-2] ttp://www.1up.com/features/disappearance-suzuki-part-1

[:File:MeanMachinesSega19UK.pdf_p51-3] File:MeanMachinesSega19UK.pdf, page 51

[https:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fmamedev.2Fmame.2Fblob.2Fmaster.2Fsrc.2Fmame.2Fdrivers.2Fmodel1.cpp-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp

[:File:Overview_of_32-bit_V-Series_Microprocessor.pdf_p-5] File:Overview of 32-bit V-Series Microprocessor.pdf

[:File:UPD70616ProgrammersReferenceManual.pdf_p-6] File:UPD70616ProgrammersReferenceManual.pdf

[https:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fmamedev.2Fmame.2Fblob.2Fmaster.2Fsrc.2Fmame.2Fdrivers.2Fmodel1.cpp.23L203-7] ttps://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp#L203

[http:.2F.2Fmembers.iinet.net.au.2F.7Elantra9jp1.2Fgurudumps.2Fm2status.2Findex.html-8] ttp://members.iinet.net.au/~lantra9jp1/gurudumps/m2status/index.html

[https:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fmamedev.2Fmame.2Fblob.2Fmaster.2Fsrc.2Fmame.2Fvideo.2Fmodel1.cpp-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/model1.cpp

[:File:MB86232_datasheet.pdf_p-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 File:MB86232 datasheet.pdf

[http:.2F.2Fwiki.mamedev.org.2Findex.php.2FTGP:Index-11] ttp://wiki.mamedev.org/index.php/TGP:Index

[:File:MB8421_datasheet.pdf_p-12] File:MB8421 datasheet.pdf

[:File:MB8431_datasheet.pdf_p-13] 13.0 ^13.1 File:MB8431 datasheet.pdf

[http:.2F.2Fmamedb.com.2Fgame.2Fvformula-14] ttp://mamedb.com/game/vformula

[http:.2F.2Fmamedb.com.2Fgame.2Fvf-15] ttp://mamedb.com/game/vf

[:File:MB8464A_datasheet.pdf_p-16] 16.0 ^16.1 File:MB8464A datasheet.pdf

[:File:MB8432_datasheet.pdf_p-17] File:MB8432 datasheet.pdf

[:File:HM65256B_datasheet.pdf_p-18] File:HM65256B datasheet.pdf

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@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 ==Technical Specifications==
+{{multicol|
 * Board composition: CPU Board, Video Board, ROM Board, I/O Board, Comm Board, Sound Board, Motor Board, Amp Board {{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp}}
 * Main [[wikipedia:Central processing unit|CPU]]: [[NEC]] [[wikipedia:NEC V60|V60]] @ 16&nbsp;MHz {{fileref|Overview of 32-bit V-Series Microprocessor.pdf}}{{fileref|UPD70616ProgrammersReferenceManual.pdf}}
-** [[wikipedia:Fixed-point arithmetic|Fixed-point arithmetic]]: [[wikipedia:32-bit|32-bit]] [[wikipedia:Reduced instruction set computing|RISC]] [[wikipedia:Instruction set|instructions]] @ 3.5 [[wikipedia:Instructions per second|MIPS]] (million instructions per second)
+** [[wikipedia:Fixed-point arithmetic|Fixed-point arithmetic]]: 32-bit [[wikipedia:Reduced instruction set computing|RISC]] [[wikipedia:Instruction set|instructions]] @ 3.5&nbsp;[[wikipedia:Instructions per second|MIPS]]
-** [[wikipedia:Floating-point unit|Floating-point unit]]: [[wikipedia:Single-precision floating-point format|32-bit]] and [[wikipedia:Double-precision floating-point format|64-bit operations]] @ 16 MFLOPS
+** [[wikipedia:Floating-point unit|Floating-point unit]]: [[wikipedia:Single-precision floating-point format|32-bit]] & [[wikipedia:Double-precision floating-point format|64-bit operations]] @ 16&nbsp;MFLOPS
-** Bus width: 32-bit
+** Bus width: [[wikipedia:32-bit|32-bit]]
-* Additional CPU: 3× [[Zilog Z80]] @ 4&nbsp;MHz {{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp}} (8-bit & 16-bit instructions @ 1.74&nbsp;MIPS)
+* Additional CPU: 3× [[Zilog Z80]] @ 4&nbsp;MHz (8-bit & 16-bit instructions @ 1.74&nbsp;MIPS) {{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp}}
+** CPU for I/O Board, Comm Board and Motor Board
 * [[wikipedia:Direct memory access|DMA]] controllers: [[:File:MB89374 datasheet.pdf|Fujitsu MB89374]], [[:File:MB89396 datasheet.pdf|Fujitsu MB89237A]] {{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp}}
+}}
 ===Sound===
-* Sound CPU: Toshiba TMP68000N-10 ([[68000]]) @ 12&nbsp;MHz {{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp}}
+* Sound CPU: [[wikipedia:Toshiba|Toshiba]] TMP68000N-10 ([[68000]]) @ 12&nbsp;MHz {{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp}}
 * Sound chips: 2× Sega 315-5560 Custom MultiPCM
 ** Audio capabilities: 28 [[Pulse-code modulation|PCM]] channels per chip (one for music, one for sound effects), 56 PCM channels total
@@ Line 39: / Line 42: @@
 * GPU [[wikipedia:Coprocessor|coprocessors]]: 5× [[Fujitsu]] TGP MB86233 [[wikipedia:Digital signal processor|DSP]] {{ref|http://members.iinet.net.au/~lantra9jp1/gurudumps/m2status/index.html}} @ 16&nbsp;MHz ([[wikipedia:Geometry pipelines|geometrizer]], [[wikipedia:Rasterisation|rasterizer]],{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/model1.cpp}} [[wikipedia:Floating point unit|FPU]], [[wikipedia:Arithmetic logic unit|ALU]]) {{fileref|MB86232 datasheet.pdf}}
 ** Coprocessor abilities: [[wikipedia:Decimal floating point|Floating decimal point]] operation function, axis rotation operation function, 3D [[wikipedia:Matrix (mathematics)|matrix operation]] function, DMA, T&L (transform, clipping, lighting) {{ref|http://wiki.mamedev.org/index.php/TGP:Index}}
-** Fixed-point arithmetic: 32-bit instructions @ 80 MIPS (16 MIPS each)
+** Fixed-point arithmetic: 32-bit instructions @ 80&nbsp;MIPS (16&nbsp;MIPS each)
-** Floating-point unit: 32-bit operations @ 80 MFLOPS (16 MFLOPS each)
+** Floating-point unit: 32-bit operations @ 80&nbsp;MFLOPS (16&nbsp;MFLOPS each)
 ** Bus width: 32-bit
 * Display resolution: 496×384 pixels, 24&nbsp;kHz [[wikipedia:Horizontal scan rate|H-Sync]], [[wikipedia:Progressive scan|progressive scan]] (non-interlaced) {{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp}}
@@ Line 49: / Line 52: @@
 * Graphical capabilities: [[wikipedia:Shading|Shading]], [http://www.giantbomb.com/flat-shading/3015-2277/ flat shading], [[wikipedia:Diffuse reflection|diffuse reflection]], [[wikipedia:Specular reflection|specular reflection]], 2 layers of background [[wikipedia:Scrolling|scrolling]], [[wikipedia:Alpha blending|alpha blending]], [[wikipedia:Alpha compositing|alpha channel]], [[wikipedia:Computer graphics lighting|lighting]] {{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/model1.cpp}}
 * [[wikipedia:Digital geometry|Geometric]] performance: 180,000 polygons/sec (with all effects), 540,000 vectors/sec
-* [[wikipedia:Fillrate|Fillrate]]: 36 million [[pixel]]s/sec
+* Rendering [[wikipedia:Fillrate|fillrate]]: 36 million [[pixel]]s/sec
 }}
@@ Line 58: / Line 61: @@
 ** Main RAM: 480&nbsp;KB (at least 156&nbsp;KB SRAM)
 *** CPU Board: 324&nbsp;KB (320&nbsp;KB main, 4&nbsp;KB comm)
-*** Comm Board: 12&nbsp;KB SRAM (8&nbsp;KB SRAM, 4&nbsp;KB [[wikipedia:Dual-ported RAM|Dual-Port]] SRAM) {{fileref|MB842 datasheet.pdf}}{{fileref|MB843 datasheet.pdf}}
+*** Comm Board: 12&nbsp;KB SRAM (8&nbsp;KB SRAM, 4&nbsp;KB [[wikipedia:Dual-ported RAM|Dual-Port]] SRAM) {{fileref|MB8421 datasheet.pdf}}{{fileref|MB8431 datasheet.pdf}}
 *** Other boards: 144&nbsp;KB [[SRAM]] (128&nbsp;KB ROM Board, 8&nbsp;KB I/O Board, 8&nbsp;KB Motor Board)
 ** [[VRAM]]: 2232&nbsp;KB (at least 1464&nbsp;KB SRAM)
@@ Line 69: / Line 72: @@
 ===Bandwidth===
-* System RAM bandwidth: 420.4&nbsp;MB/sec {{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp}}
+* System RAM bandwidth: 432&nbsp;MB/sec {{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model1.cpp}}
-** Main RAM: 54.495675&nbsp;MB/sec (32-bit, 14.285714&nbsp;MHz) {{fileref|MB86232 datasheet.pdf}}
+** Main RAM: 65.939767&nbsp;MB/sec
+*** CPU Board: 54.495675&nbsp;MB/sec (32-bit, 14.285714&nbsp;MHz) {{fileref|MB86232 datasheet.pdf}}
+*** Other boards: 11.444092&nbsp;MB/sec (3× 8-bit, 4&nbsp;MHz) {{fileref|MB8464A datasheet.pdf}}{{fileref|MB8432 datasheet.pdf}}{{fileref|MB8431 datasheet.pdf}}
 ** VRAM: 346.790661&nbsp;MB/sec (5× 32-bit, 18.181818&nbsp;MHz) {{fileref|HM65256B datasheet.pdf}}
-** Sound RAM: 19.073486&nbsp;MB/sec (16-bit, 10&nbsp;MHz) {{fileref|MB8464A datasheet.pdf}}
+** Audio RAM: 19.073486&nbsp;MB/sec (16-bit, 10&nbsp;MHz) {{fileref|MB8464A datasheet.pdf}}
 ==List of Sega Model 1 Games==