Difference between revisions of "Sega Saturn/Technical specifications"

Latest revision as of 03:18, 30 November 2020

Back to: Sega Saturn.

Technical specifications for the Sega Saturn.

Processors

Main CPU: 2× Hitachi SH-2 @ 28.63636 MHz^[1]^[2]^[3]

Configuration: Master/Slave
2x CPU cores: 32‑bit RISC instructions/registers, 74.454536 MIPS (37.227268 MIPS each, 1.3 MIPS per MHz),^[4]^[5] up to 4 instructions/cycle (2 instructions/cycle per SH-2)^[6]
2x DMA units: 2x DMAC (Direct Memory Access Controller),^[7] parallel processing^[8]
4x internal fixed‑point math processors:^[9] 2x MULT multiplier DSP,^[7]^[10]^[11] 2x DIVU division units,^[7]^[10] parallel processing^[12]

2x MULT multiplier DSP: 57.27272 MOPS^{[fn 1]} fixed-point math (28.63636 MOPS per SH-2)^{[fn 2]}
2x DIVU division units: 16/32/64-bit division,^[12] 1,468,531 divides/sec^{[fn 3]}

Bus width: 64‑bit (2× 32‑bit) internal, 32‑bit external^[15]
Word length: 32-bit

System coprocessor: Custom Saturn Control Unit (SCU), with DSP for geometry processing and DMA controller for system control^[15]^[9]^[16]

System control processor: 32‑bit fixed‑point registers/instructions, interrupt controller, DMA controller, 3 DMA channels
Math coprocessor: Geometry DSP @ 14.31818 MHz, 32‑bit fixed‑point instructions, 6 parallel instructions per cycle,^[17] 85.90908 MIPS (6 MIPS per MHz)

CD‑ROM CPU: Hitachi SH-1 32‑bit RISC processor @ 20 MHz (20 MIPS)^[2] (controlling the CD‑ROM)

Contains internal DAC and internal math processor^[9]
Bus width: 32‑bit internal, 16‑bit external^[15]

Microcontroller: Hitachi HD404920^[18] (4‑bit MCU) "System Manager & Peripheral Control" (SMPC) @ 4 MHz^[9]

RTC: 1 MHz^[15] (real‑time clock)
Instruction set: 4‑bit instructions, 890 ns per instruction,^[19] 1.123595 MIPS
Bus width: 10‑bit internal, 8‑bit external^[9]

Optional MPEG Video CD Card:^[20]^[1]

MPEG Video decoder: Sega P/N 315-5765 (Hitachi HD814101FE)
MPEG Audio decoder: Hitachi HD814102F

Audio

Sound processor: Yamaha SCSP (Saturn Custom Sound Processor) YMF292^[21]

Sound DSP: Yamaha FH1 DSP (Digital Signal Processor) @ 22.58 MHz^[22]^[15] (24‑bit, 128‑step,^[23] 4 parallel instructions)
Bus width: 24‑bit internal, 16‑bit external^[9]

Sound CPU: Motorola 68EC000 (16/32‑bit CISC) sound processor @ 11.29 MHz^[15] (1.97575 MIPS^[24])

Bus width: 16‑bit internal, 16‑bit external

Sound

Main article: Saturn Custom Sound Processor.

SCSP @ 22.58 MHz:^[22]^[21]

Audio channels: 32
Sound formats: PCM, FM, MIDI, LFO
PCM sampling: 16‑bit and 8‑bit audio depth, 44.1 kHz sampling sate (CD quality), up to 32 PCM channels
FM synthesis: 1–4 operators per FM channel, up to 32 FM channels (1‑operator) or 8 FM channels (4‑operator)
LFO waveforms: 4 waveform types (sawtooth, rectangular, triangular, white noise), up to 32 LFO channels

CD‑DA: 1 streaming CD‑DA channel (16‑bit PCM, 44.1 kHz) from CD
Stereo audio output

Video

Sega/Hitachi VDP1 @ 28.63636 MHz: Handles sprite/texture and polygon drawing^[25]^[18]

Bus width: 48‑bit (3x 16‑bit)^[9]
Word length: 16-bit

Sega/Yamaha VDP2 @ 28.63636 MHz: Backgrounds, scrolling, handles background, scroll and 3D rotation planes^[26]^[18]

Bus width: 32‑bit^[9]
Word length: 32-bit

Sony CXA1645M RGB‑Composite Video Encoder^[18]

Graphics

Graphics pipeline:

3 DSP geometry processors: 2× SH-2 DSP, SCU DSP
2 VDP rendering processors: VDP1 for sprites/textures/polygons, VDP2 for planes/backgrounds/textures

Video clock rate: 28.63636 MHz MHz (NTSC),^[27]^[1] 28.4375 MHz (PAL)^[27]

NTSC dot clock: 7.15909 MHz (lo-res),^[1] 14.31818 MHz (hi-res)
PAL dot clock: 7.109375 MHz (lo-res), 14.21875 MHz (hi-res)

Display resolutions: 320×224 to 704×480 (see Resolutions)^[27]^[28]

NTSC overscan resolution: 453×263 (lo-res),^[1] 907×263 (hi-res)
PAL overscan resolution: 454×313 (lo-res), 908×313 (hi-res)

Refresh rate: 30–60 Hz (NTSC), 25–50 Hz (PAL)^[29]

Maximum frame rate: 60 FPS (NTSC), 50 FPS (PAL)

Color depth: 15-bit RGB to 32‑bit RGBA (24‑bit color with 8‑bit alpha transparency)^[23]

Color palette: 16,777,216 (VDP2), 32,768 (VDP1)
Colors on screen: 256 to 16,777,216 (VDP2), 256 to 32,768 (VDP1)
VDP2 colors per background: 16 colors (4-bit) to 16,777,216 colors (24-bit)^[30]^[31]
VDP1 colors per sprite/polygon: 16 colors (4-bit) to 32,768 colors (15-bit)^[32]^[33]
CLUT: Virtually unlimited number of CLUTs^[34]

DSP geometry processing: 188 MIPS (million instructions per second)^{[fn 4]}

Fixed-point operations: 114 MOPS (million operations per second)^{[fn 5]}
Additions: 85 million adds/sec^{[fn 6]}
Multiplications: 85 million multiplies/sec^{[fn 7]}
16-bit divisions: 5 million divides/sec^{[fn 8]}

Geometry calculations: 114 MOPS fixed-point calculations^{[fn 9]}

Vertex transformations: 2,400,000 vertices/sec^{[fn 10]}
Polygon transformations: 1,800,000 polygons/sec^{[fn 11]}
T&L flat lighting: 800,000 polygons/sec^{[fn 12]}
T&L Gouraud lighting: 700,000 polygons/sec^{[fn 13]}

Transmission bus bandwidth: 143 MB/s

DSP–VDP transmission bus: 114.54544 MB/s^{[fn 14]}
VDP1–VDP2 transmission bus: 28.63636 MB/s^{[fn 15]}

Fillrate:

Bitmap/Framebuffer fillrate: 26–28 MPixels/s (24-bit color), 82–85 MPixels/s (15-bit color), 143–150 MPixels/s (8-bit color), 250–264 MPixels/s (4-bit color)^{[fn 16]}
Tile fillrate: 280–570 MPixels/s^{[fn 17]}

Optional MPEG Video CD Card: 704×480 resolution, 30 frames/sec, 16‑bit audio with 44.1 kHz sampling,^[47] up to 72 minutes on one CD^[20]

SCU DSP

SCU math coprocessor: Geometry DSP @ 14.31818 MHz, 32‑bit fixed‑point instructions^[16]^[48]^[49]

Parallel units: 32/48-bit ALU (arithmetic logic unit), 48/64‑bit Multiplier, 32-bit instruction decoder

Buses:^[48]^[50]

Internal: 4 parallel buses, 32-bit per bus, 128-bit overall bus width, 3 buses at 14.31818 MHz, 1 bus at 28.63636 MHz
External: 32-bit, 28.63636 MHz

Cache RAM: 2 KB (1 KB data, 1 KB program)^[51]
Instructions: 6 parallel instructions/cycle (one instruction per unit/bus),^[17] 85.90908 MIPS (6 MIPS/MHz)

Fixed-point operations: 28.63636 MOPS (million operations per second), 2 MOPS/MHz (2 parallel operations/cycle)

Capabilities: Matrix and vector calculations, 3D point transformations, lighting calculations, fixed-point calculations,^[49] faster than SH-2,^[52] can use DMA to directly fetch and store vertex data, floating-point operations, geometry transformations, voxel rendering acceleration, fast coordinate transformations, lighting computations,^[53] transparency calculations^[54]
Notes: Can only be programmed with assembly language, more difficult to program than SH-2^[49]

VDP1

Main article: VDP1 (Saturn).

VDP1 @ 28.63636 MHz: Handles sprite/texture and polygon drawing,^[25] color calculation and shading,^[9] geometry^[34]

Versions: Sega 315‑5883 (Hitachi HD64440) Video Display Processor 1 (VDP1),^[18] Sega 315‑5689 VDP1^[9]
Adjustable video clock rate: 28.63636 MHz or 26.8465875 MHz (NTSC),^[27]^[1] 28.4375 MHz or 26.8426 MHz (PAL)^[27]
Parallel data bus structure: 3 parallel data buses (dual framebuffers, texture cache), 48-bit data bus width (16-bit per bus),^[55] 171.8184 MB/s bandwidth^{[fn 18]}
Parallel data bus cycles: 85.90908 million bus cycles/sec^{[fn 19]}

Color palette: 32,768 colors (15-bit RGB) to 16,777,216 (24-bit VDP2 CRAM palette, accessible by VDP1)^[56]

Colors on screen: 32,768 colors (15-bit RGB) to 1,048,576 colors (15-bit RGB, 32 transparency levels using VDP2 palette)^[57]
Colors per pixel: 32,768 colors (16bpp, 15-bit RGB), 256 colors (8bpp, 8-bit palette)

Features: Alpha blending, clipping, luminance,^[33] shadows,^[58] transparency^[59] (3 alpha levels, or 32 alpha levels using VDP2 palette),^[57] per-pixel transparency^[60]

Polygon capabilities: Texture mapping,^[25] lighting,^[61]^[62] shading, wire‑frame, flat shading, Gouraud shading,^[60]^[9]^[62] 15-bit color Gouraud shading,^[63] 15-bit colored lighting, quad polygons, edge anti‑aliasing,^[64] forward texture mapping (form of perspective correction), bilinear approximation (reduces texture warping), medium polygon accuracy (seamless polygons)^[65]

Framebuffer capabilities: Double buffering, dual 256 KB framebuffers, rotation & scaling,^[33] VDP1 framebuffer can be rotated as bitmap layer by VDP2^[66]

Framebuffer resolution: 512×256, 512×512, 1024×256^[67]
Overscan resolution: 1708×263 (NTSC), 1820×313 (PAL), 852×525 (31KC), 848×562 (HDTV)^[28]

Sprite/Texture capabilities: Rotation & scaling, flipping, distortion,^[25]^[33] warping, vertical and horizontal line scrolling, virtually unlimited color lookup tables,^[34]^[68] System 24/32 sprite rendering system^[69]

Sprite/Texture size: 8×1 to 504×255 texels^[70]
Colors per sprite/texture in Lo-Res: 16, 64, 128, 256, and 32,768^[32]
Colors per sprite/texture in Hi-Res: 16, 64, 128, and 256^[71]
Maximum texels per scanline: 1812 (NTSC),^[27] 1820 (PAL)^[28]
Maximum sprites/textures per scanline: 226 (NTSC), 227 (PAL)

Texture cache VRAM: 512 KB^[72]

Sprite/Polygon size: 32 bytes (flat shading),^[46]^[73] 40 bytes (Gouraud shading),^[74] 64–96 bytes (shadows),^[60] 72–104 bytes (shadows, Gouraud shading)
Texture size: 4 bytes (8×1 texels, 16 colors) to 251.02 KB (504×255 texels, 32,758 colors)^[73]
Maximum sprites per frame: 16,383 (virtually unlimited),^[34] 13,106 (Gouraud shading), 5461–8191 (shadows)
Maximum polygons per frame: 16,384 (flat shading), 16,383 (texture mapping), 13,107 (Gouraud shading), 13,106 (texture mapping, Gouraud shading), 8192 (shadows), 8191 (texture mapping, shadows), 7281 (texture mapping, shadows, Gouraud shading)

Framebuffer fillrate: 28.63636 MPixels/s (16bpp),^{[fn 20]} 35.6465 MPixels/s (8bpp)^{[fn 21]}

Gouraud shading: 28 MPixels/s (512×512 polygons),
16 MPixels/s (10×10 polygons)^{[fn 22]}
Shadows/Translucency: 28 MPixels/s (VDP2 palette), 5 MPixels/s (RGB)^{[fn 23]}

Texture fillrate: 19 MTexels/s (504×255 textures), 14 MTexels/s (10×10 textures), 12 MTexels/s (8×8 textures)^{[fn 24]}

Gouraud shading: 19 MTexels/s (504×255 textures), 9 MTexels/s (10×10 textures)^{[fn 25]}

Polygon rendering performance: Lighting^[46]^{[fn 26]}

800,000 polygons/s: Flat shading, 32-pixel polygons
500,000 polygons/s: Flat shading,^[82]^[34] 50-pixel polygons
200,000 polygons/s: Gouraud shading, 32-pixel polygons^{[fn 27]}

Texture mapping performance: Lighting^[63]^[80]

300,000 polygons/s: 32-texel textures^{[fn 28]}
200,000 polygons/s: 70-texel textures^{[fn 29]}
140,000 polygons/s: Gouraud shading, 32-texel textures^{[fn 30]}

VDP2

Main article: VDP2 (Saturn).

VDP2 @ 57.27272 MHz: Handles background, scroll and 3D rotation planes^[26]

Versions: Sega 315‑5890 (Yamaha) Video Display Processor 2 (VDP2),^[18] Yamaha 315‑5690 VDP2^[9]
Video clock rate: 26.8426–28.63636 MHz (NTSC), 26.6564–28.4375 MHz (PAL)^[27]^[1]
Memory clock rate: 53.6852–57.27272 MHz (NTSC), 53.3128–56.875 MHz (PAL)^{[fn 31]}

VDP2 cores: 4 parallel cores (17 units), 28.63636 MHz per core^[85]

Bus control
H/V counter & timing generator
Scroll picture block: 8 units (Normal picture coordinate calculation, Rotation picture coordinate calculation, Pattern name control, Window control, Character control, Line picture control, VRAM control, Dot data control)
Video process: 7 units (Color offset & shadow, Output data control, Color computing control, Color RAM, Priority control, Color RAM control, Sprite control)

Features: Transparency (32 levels of transparency, can also be applied to VDP1 polygons/sprites),^[57] shadowing, 2 windows for special calculations,^[31] matrix calculations,^[86] multi-texturing,^[87] bump mapping,^[54] color gradients

3D infinite planes: Can be manipulated as large polygon objects,^[88] with perspective transformation^[89]^[90] and rotation. Can have curved surface and bumps,^[91] and be used for grounds, walls, ceilings, seas, skies, etc.
Visual effects: Water, fire, fog, heat haze, misting, reflective water surfaces^[92]

Rotation picture coordinate calculation: Geometry processing unit within Scroll picture block,^[85] rotation and transformation of 3D planes,^[89] manipulates 3D planes as very large polygons,^[88] 24-bit fixed-point operations,^[89] 28.63636 MOPS (million operations per second)
Planes: 7 layers, 2–6 simultaneous layers (1–4 scrolling 2D backgrounds, 1–2 rotating 3D playfields, 1 back screen)^[31]^[30]^[93]

2D scrolling backgrounds: Scrolling, parallax scrolling, single-axis 2D rotation^[94]

NBG0: 16–16,777,216 colors, tilemap (1024×1024 to 2048×2048) or bitmap (512×256 to 1024×512), column/row/line scrolling, scaling
NBG1: 16–32,768 colors, tilemap (1024×1024 to 2048×2048) or bitmap (512×256 to 1024×512), column/row/line scrolling, scaling
NBG2/NBG3: 16–256 colors, tilemap (1024×1024 to 2048×2048)

3D rotating playfields: Scrolling, scaling, dual-axis 3D rotation,^[94] three-axis 3D rotation,^[95] 3D infinite ground planes, perspective correct 3D rotation, can be manipulated as large polygon objects,^[88] perspective transformation,^[89]^[90] can have curved surface and bumps^[91]

RBG0: 16–16,777,216 colors, tilemap (2048×2048 to 4096×4096) or bitmap (512×256 to 512×512)
RBG1: 16–16,777,216 colors, tilemap (2048×2048 to 4096×4096)

Back screen: 1 plain background,^[96] 1 to 240 colors (1 color/scanline)

Tile capabilities: 8×8 and 16×16 tile sizes,^[30] scroll plane up to 8192×8192 pixels,^[97] rotating 3D infinite planes up to 4096×4096 pixels each,^[93] tile compression, tile-based texture compression, tiled rendering, virtually unlimited draw distance
Bitmap capabilities: Bitmap layers can be used as additional framebuffer^[98] (with full transparency), displays VDP1 framebuffer as additional bitmap layer, can rotate VDP1 framebuffer^[66]
Color palette: 16,777,216 colors (24-bit), 32,768 colors (15-bit), 65,536 colors (15-bit with transparency)

Colors per plane: 16,777,216 colors (3 planes, Lo-Res), 32,768 colors (4 planes), 16–256 colors (6 planes)^[99]^[100]

Bitmap fillrate:

2D scrolling planes: 26.8426–229.09088 MPixels/s

16,777,216 colors on screen: 26.8426–28.63636 MPixels/s^{[fn 32]}
32,768 colors per plane: 53.6852–57.27272 MPixels/s^{[fn 33]}
256 colors per plane: 107.3704–114.54544 MPixels/s^{[fn 34]}
16 colors per plane: 214.7408–229.09088 MPixels/s^{[fn 35]}

3D rotation planes: 26.8426–28.63636 MPixels/s^{[fn 36]}

Tile fillrate: 251.65824–534.77376 MPixels/s^{[fn 37]}

2D scrolling planes: 251.65824–503.31648 MPixels/s^{[fn 38]}

Tile fillrate: 3,932,160 tiles/sec, 65,536 tiles per frame^{[fn 39]}

3D rotating playfields: 251.65824–503.31648 MPixels/s^{[fn 40]}

Effective polygon fillrate: 1 million texture-mapped polygons/sec (500-texel polygons)

Resolutions

The Saturn supported the following display resolutions:^[103]

Progressive

320×224 (Lo‑Res)
320×240 (Lo‑Res)
320×256 (Lo-Res, PAL)
352×224 (Lo‑Res)
352×240 (Lo‑Res)
352×256 (PAL)
640×224
640×240
640×256 (PAL)
704×224
704×240
704×256 (PAL)

Interlaced

320×448
320×512 (PAL)
320×480
352×448
320×480
352×512 (PAL)
640×448 (Hi‑Res)
640×480 (Hi‑Res)
640×512 (Hi‑Res, PAL)
704×448 (Hi‑Res)
704×480 (Hi‑Res)
704×512 (Hi‑Res, PAL)

Memory

Total memory: 5–11 MB (5152 KB system, 39,408 bytes cache, 512–5120 KB cartridge, 1 MB card)

RAM: 4.549–10.049 MB (4640 KB system, 18,928 bytes cache, 512–5120 KB optional cartridge, 512 KB optional card)
ROM: 532–3092 KB (512 KB system, 20 KB cache, 2 MB optional cartridge, 512 KB optional card)

System RAM: 4.53125 MB (4640 KB)^[44]^[20]

2 MB Work RAM^{[fn 41]}

1 MB High Work SDRAM^{[fn 42]}
1 MB Low Work FPM DRAM^{[fn 43]}

1.5 MB VRAM^{[fn 44]}

512 KB VDP1 texture cache VRAM^{[fn 45]}
512 KB (2× 256 KB) VDP1 dual framebuffers^{[fn 46]}
512 KB (512 KB) VDP2 background cache VRAM^{[fn 47]} (tiled texture compression up to 17 MB)^{[fn 48]}

512 KB Sound RAM^{[fn 49]}
512 KB CD‑ROM sub‑system buffer data cache^{[fn 50]}
32 KB battery backup SRAM^{[fn 51]}

System ROM: 512 KB BIOS^{[fn 52]}
Internal processor cache: 39,408 bytes (38.484375 KB)^[15]^[9]

SH2: 8 KB cache (4 KB per SH2)
SH1: 4 KB cache
SCU DSP: 2 KB RAM cache (1 KB program, 1 KB data)
SMPC: 20,976 bytes (496 bytes 4‑bit RAM, 20 KB 10‑bit ROM)^[19]
VDP2: 4 KB on‑chip color RAM

Optional cartridge: 512 KB to 4.5 MB

RAM cartridge: 512 KB to 4.5 MB

Extended RAM Cartridge: 1 MB or 4 MB Work RAM^{[fn 53]}
Saturn Backup Memory: 512 KB battery backup
Pro Action Replay: 512 KB battery backup
Action Replay Plus: 4.5 MB

4 MB Work RAM^{[fn 54]}
512 KB battery backup

Saturn ROM Cartridge: 2 MB (The King of Fighters '95)

Optional MPEG Video CD Card: 1 MB (512 KB FPM RAM buffer, 512 KB MROM program)^[20]^[1]

Configuration

System RAM buses, all connected through the SCU:^[15]^[44]^[9]

System bus^{[fn 41]}

SH2 (×2), SCU, SMPC <–> Work RAM,^{[fn 55]} battery backup SRAM

Video sub‑system buses^{[fn 56]}^[25]

SCU <–> VDP1, VDP2^{[fn 57]}
VDP1 <–> Texture cache VRAM^{[fn 58]}
VDP1 <–> Framebuffer 0 VRAM^{[fn 58]}
VDP1 <–> Framebuffer 1 VRAM^{[fn 58]}
VDP2 <–> Background cache VRAM^{[fn 59]}

Sound sub‑system bus — SCU, 68EC000, SCSP <‑> Sound RAM^{[fn 60]}
CD‑ROM sub‑system bus — SCU, SH1 <‑> CD‑ROM cache/buffer RAM^{[fn 60]}

Bandwidth

System RAM bandwidth: 480 MB/s^{[fn 61]}

System bus RAM: 114.54544 MB/s^{[fn 41]}

Work RAM: 114.54544 MB/s^{[fn 62]}
Battery backup SRAM: 10 MB/s^{[fn 63]}

VRAM: 286.3636 MB/s^{[fn 64]}

VDP1: 171.81816 MB/s^{[fn 65]}
VDP2: 114.54544 MB/s^{[fn 66]} (tiled texture compression up to 534 MB/s)^{[fn 67]}

Sound RAM: 40 MB/s^{[fn 68]}
CD‑ROM cache/buffer: 40 MB/s^{[fn 68]}

Internal processor bandwidth:

SH2 cache: 229 MB/s^{[fn 69]}
SH1 cache: 80 MB/s^{[fn 70]}
SCU DSP RAM cache: 286 MB/s^{[fn 71]}
SMPC: 7 MB/s^{[fn 72]}
68EC000: 22 MB/s^{[fn 73]}
SCSP: 67 MB/s^{[fn 74]}
VDP: 286.3636 MB/s^{[fn 75]}

System ROM bandwidth: 20 MB/s^{[fn 76]}
Optional cartridge RAM bandwidth: 44 MB/s^{[fn 77]} to 50 MB/s^{[fn 78]}

Storage

Saturn double-speed CD-ROM drive^[18]

Storage capacity: 680 MB
Data transfer rate: 320 KB/s
Access time: Under 360 ms
Compatibiity: CD‑ROM, Audio CD, CD+G, CD+EG, CD Single (8cm)
Optional: Video CD, Photo CD, Digital Karaoke, E-book^[34]

Cartridge slot: Extended RAM Cartridge, Saturn ROM Cartridge

Input/Output

Two 16‑bit bidirectional parallel I/O ports
High-speed serial communications port (Both SH2 SCI channels and SCSP MIDI)
Cartridge connector
Internal expansion port for video decoder card
Composite video/stereo (JP Part No: HSS-0106)
NTSC/PAL RF (US Part No.: MK-80116, JP Part No.: HSS-0110)
S-Video compatible (JP Part No.: HSS-0105)
RGB compatible (JP Part No.: HSS-0109)
EDTV compatible (optional)

Power source

AC110 volts; 60 Hz (US)
AC240 volts; 50 Hz (EU)
AC100 volts; 60 Hz (JP)
AC240 volts; 60 Hz (AS)
AC220 volts; 60 Hz (KR)
4 volt lithium battery to power non-volatile RAM and SMPC internal real-time clock
Power Consumption: 25 W

Dimensions

US/European model:

260 mm (10.236")

89 mm (3.504")

230 mm (9.055")

Boot ROM

Main article: Sega Saturn/Boot ROM.

Errata

See VDP1 Errata

Footnotes

↑ [MOPS (million operations per second) MOPS (million operations per second)]
↑ [1 operation per cycle^[13] 1 operation per cycle^[13]]
↑ [39 cycles per divide^[14] 39 cycles per divide^[14]]
↑ [74.454536 MIPS SH-2, 85.90908 MIPS SCU, 28.63636 MIPS VDP2 74.454536 MIPS SH-2, 85.90908 MIPS SCU, 28.63636 MIPS VDP2]
↑ [2x SH-2 MULT: 57.27272 MOPS^[35]
2x SH-2 DIVU: 1.468531 MOPS (39 cycles per divide)^[36]
SCU DSP: 28.63636 MOPS (add and multiply per cycle)
VDP2: 28.63636 MOPS 2x SH-2 MULT: 57.27272 MOPS^[35]
2x SH-2 DIVU: 1.468531 MOPS (39 cycles per divide)^[36]
SCU DSP: 28.63636 MOPS (add and multiply per cycle)
VDP2: 28.63636 MOPS]
↑ [2x SH-2: 57,272,720 adds/sec (1 cycle per multiply)^[35]
SCU DSP: 14,318,180 multiplies/sec (1 cycle per multiply)
VDP2: 14.31818 adds/sec 2x SH-2: 57,272,720 adds/sec (1 cycle per multiply)^[35]
SCU DSP: 14,318,180 multiplies/sec (1 cycle per multiply)
VDP2: 14.31818 adds/sec]
↑ [2x SH-2: 57,272,720 multiplies/sec (1 cycle per multiply)^[37]
SCU DSP: 14,318,180 multiplies/sec (1 cycle per multiply)
VDP2: 14.31818 multiplies/sec 2x SH-2: 57,272,720 multiplies/sec (1 cycle per multiply)^[37]
SCU DSP: 14,318,180 multiplies/sec (1 cycle per multiply)
VDP2: 14.31818 multiplies/sec]
↑ [2x CPU: 3,579,545 divides/sec (16 cycles per 16-bit divide)^[14]
2x DIVU: 1,468,531 divides/sec (39 cycles per divide)^[36] 2x CPU: 3,579,545 divides/sec (16 cycles per 16-bit divide)^[14]
2x DIVU: 1,468,531 divides/sec (39 cycles per divide)^[36]]
↑ [2x SH-2 MULT: 57.27272 MOPS (million operations per second)^[35]
2x SH-2 DIVU: 1.468531 MOPS (39 cycles per divide)^[36]
SCU DSP: 28.63636 MOPS (add and multiply per cycle)
VDP2: 28.63636 MOPS (only for VDP2's 3D planes) 2x SH-2 MULT: 57.27272 MOPS (million operations per second)^[35]
2x SH-2 DIVU: 1.468531 MOPS (39 cycles per divide)^[36]
SCU DSP: 28.63636 MOPS (add and multiply per cycle)
VDP2: 28.63636 MOPS (only for VDP2's 3D planes)]
↑
[Transformation (21 adds/multiplies),^[38] projection (4 adds/multiplies)^[39] and perspective division (1 divide)^[40] per vertex:
- 894,886 vertices/sec: 894,886 SCU DSP transformations (14 cycles per transform,^[38] 2 cycles per projection), 894,886 SH-2 DIVU divisions (1 divide per vertex)
- 573,644 vertices/sec: 14,341,100 SH-2 MULT DSP transform/projection operations (25 cycles per vertex), 573,644 SH-2 DIVU divisions (1 divide per vertex)
- 1,011,294 vertices/sec: 41,463,054 SH-2 transform/projection/divide cycles (41 cycles per vertex)
Transformation (21 adds/multiplies),^[38] projection (4 adds/multiplies)^[39] and perspective division (1 divide)^[40] per vertex:
- 894,886 vertices/sec: 894,886 SCU DSP transformations (14 cycles per transform,^[38] 2 cycles per projection), 894,886 SH-2 DIVU divisions (1 divide per vertex)
- 573,644 vertices/sec: 14,341,100 SH-2 MULT DSP transform/projection operations (25 cycles per vertex), 573,644 SH-2 DIVU divisions (1 divide per vertex)
- 1,011,294 vertices/sec: 41,463,054 SH-2 transform/projection/divide cycles (41 cycles per vertex)]
↑ [8 vertices per cube (6 quad polygons)^[41] 8 vertices per cube (6 quad polygons)^[41]]
↑
[8 transformations (168 adds/multiplies), 6 surface normals (72 multiplies, 36 adds),^[42] 6 light sources (72 adds/multiplies),^[43] 8 projections (32 adds/multiplies) and 8 perspective divisions (24 divides)^[39] per cube with 8 vertices and 6 quad polygons:
- 52,640 cubes/sec: 52,640 SCU DSP cubes (112 transform cycles, 72 surface normal cycles, 72 light source cycles,^[43] 16 projection cycles), 1,263,360 SH-2 DIVU divisions (24 divides per cube)
- 8548 cubes/sec: 2,940,512 SH-2 MULT DSP transform/projection operations (347 cycles per cube), 205,152 SH-2 DIVU divisions (24 divides per cube)
- 72,614 cubes/sec: 52,862,992 SH-2 transform/projection/divide cycles (728 cycles per cube)
8 transformations (168 adds/multiplies), 6 surface normals (72 multiplies, 36 adds),^[42] 6 light sources (72 adds/multiplies),^[43] 8 projections (32 adds/multiplies) and 8 perspective divisions (24 divides)^[39] per cube with 8 vertices and 6 quad polygons:
- 52,640 cubes/sec: 52,640 SCU DSP cubes (112 transform cycles, 72 surface normal cycles, 72 light source cycles,^[43] 16 projection cycles), 1,263,360 SH-2 DIVU divisions (24 divides per cube)
- 8548 cubes/sec: 2,940,512 SH-2 MULT DSP transform/projection operations (347 cycles per cube), 205,152 SH-2 DIVU divisions (24 divides per cube)
- 72,614 cubes/sec: 52,862,992 SH-2 transform/projection/divide cycles (728 cycles per cube)]
↑
[8 transformations (168 adds/multiplies), 8 surface normals (96 multiplies, 48 adds), 8 light sources (96 adds/multiplies), 8 projections (32 adds/multiplies) and 8 perspective divisions (24 divides) per cube with 8 vertices and 6 quad polygons:
- 44,744 cubes/sec: 44,744 SCU DSP cubes (112 transform cycles, 96 surface normal cycles, 96 light source cycles, 16 projection cycles), 1,073,856 SH-2 DIVU divisions (24 divides per cube)
- 16,444 cubes/sec: 7,235,360 SH-2 MULT DSP transform/projection operations (440 cycles per cube), 394,675 SH-2 DIVU divisions (8 divides per cube)
- 58,942 cubes/sec: 48,568,208 SH-2 transform/projection/divide cycles (824 cycles per cube)
8 transformations (168 adds/multiplies), 8 surface normals (96 multiplies, 48 adds), 8 light sources (96 adds/multiplies), 8 projections (32 adds/multiplies) and 8 perspective divisions (24 divides) per cube with 8 vertices and 6 quad polygons:
- 44,744 cubes/sec: 44,744 SCU DSP cubes (112 transform cycles, 96 surface normal cycles, 96 light source cycles, 16 projection cycles), 1,073,856 SH-2 DIVU divisions (24 divides per cube)
- 16,444 cubes/sec: 7,235,360 SH-2 MULT DSP transform/projection operations (440 cycles per cube), 394,675 SH-2 DIVU divisions (8 divides per cube)
- 58,942 cubes/sec: 48,568,208 SH-2 transform/projection/divide cycles (824 cycles per cube)]
↑
[Multiplexed (57.27272 MB/s VDP1, 57.27272 MB/s VDP2), 16-bit per VDP, 28.63636 MHz^[44]^[45]
- Maximum VDP1 polygon transfer: 1,789,772 polygons/sec (57.272704 MB/s, 32 bytes per polygon)^[46]
Multiplexed (57.27272 MB/s VDP1, 57.27272 MB/s VDP2), 16-bit per VDP, 28.63636 MHz^[44]^[45]
- Maximum VDP1 polygon transfer: 1,789,772 polygons/sec (57.272704 MB/s, 32 bytes per polygon)^[46]]
↑ [8-bit, 28.63636 MHz^[45] 8-bit, 28.63636 MHz^[45]]
↑ VDP1: 28.63636 MPixels/s (15-bit color), 35.6465 MPixels/s (8-bit color)
VDP2: 26.8426–28.63636 MPixels/s (24-bit color), 53.6852–57.27272 MPixels/s (15-bit color), 107.3704–114.54544 MPixels/s (8-bit color), 214.7408–229.09088 MPixels/s (4-bit color)
↑ [VDP1: 28.63636–35.6465 MPixels/s
VDP2: 251.65824–534.77376 MPixels/s VDP1: 28.63636–35.6465 MPixels/s
VDP2: 251.65824–534.77376 MPixels/s]
↑ [57.27272 MB/s per bus 57.27272 MB/s per bus]
↑ [28.63636 MHz texture cache, 28.63636 MHz draw/render framebuffer, 28.63636 MHz display/erase framebuffer^[29] 28.63636 MHz texture cache, 28.63636 MHz draw/render framebuffer, 28.63636 MHz display/erase framebuffer^[29]]
↑ [1 cycle per pixel^[27]^[75]^[28] 1 cycle per pixel^[27]^[75]^[28]]
↑ [28.63636 MPixels/s draw, 14.418 MPixels/s erase/write^[76]^[77] 28.63636 MPixels/s draw, 14.418 MPixels/s erase/write^[76]^[77]]
↑ [164,576 Gouraud-shaded 10×10 polygons/sec: 57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 248 cycles overhead per polygon (16 cycles command table fetch,^[78] 232 cycles Gouraud shading),^[79] 348 cycles per polygon (100 cycles drawing per 100-pixel polygon)^[80] 164,576 Gouraud-shaded 10×10 polygons/sec: 57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 248 cycles overhead per polygon (16 cycles command table fetch,^[78] 232 cycles Gouraud shading),^[79] 348 cycles per polygon (100 cycles drawing per 100-pixel polygon)^[80]]
↑ [Takes six times longer when using VDP1's RGB mode.^[60] When using VDP2 palette mode, the VDP1 draws shadowed/translucent objects at full speed. Takes six times longer when using VDP1's RGB mode.^[60] When using VDP2 palette mode, the VDP1 draws shadowed/translucent objects at full speed.]
↑ [Drawing process is asynchronous,^[78] commands/textures read from texture cache and pixels/texels written to rendering framebuffer in parallel (57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec),^[81] 148 textured 504×255 polygons/sec (386,905 parallel cycles per polygon), 136,363 textured 10×10 polygons/sec (420 parallel cycles per polygon), 189,644 textured 8×8 polygons/sec (302 parallel cycles per polygon)^[79] Drawing process is asynchronous,^[78] commands/textures read from texture cache and pixels/texels written to rendering framebuffer in parallel (57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec),^[81] 148 textured 504×255 polygons/sec (386,905 parallel cycles per polygon), 136,363 textured 10×10 polygons/sec (420 parallel cycles per polygon), 189,644 textured 8×8 polygons/sec (302 parallel cycles per polygon)^[79]]
↑ [57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 147 textured 504×255 polygons/sec (387,137 parallel cycles per polygon), 87,841 textured 10×10 polygons/sec (652 parallel cycles per polygon)^[79]^[80] 57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 147 textured 504×255 polygons/sec (387,137 parallel cycles per polygon), 87,841 textured 10×10 polygons/sec (652 parallel cycles per polygon)^[79]^[80]]
↑ [Flat shading: 16 cycles per polygon in 28.63636 MHz texture cache,^[78] 1 cycle per pixel in 28.63636 MHz framebuffer Flat shading: 16 cycles per polygon in 28.63636 MHz texture cache,^[78] 1 cycle per pixel in 28.63636 MHz framebuffer]
↑ [57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 248 cycles overhead per polygon (16 cycles command table fetch,^[78] 232 cycles Gouraud shading),^[79] 32 cycles drawing per 32-pixel polygon^[80] 57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 248 cycles overhead per polygon (16 cycles command table fetch,^[78] 232 cycles Gouraud shading),^[79] 32 cycles drawing per 32-pixel polygon^[80]]
↑ [57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 171 parallel cycles per polygon^[79] 57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 171 parallel cycles per polygon^[79]]
↑ [200,000 texture-mapped polygons/sec,^[82]^[34] 57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 285 parallel cycles per polygon^[79] 200,000 texture-mapped polygons/sec,^[82]^[34] 57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 285 parallel cycles per polygon^[79]]
↑ [57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 403 parallel cycles per polygon^[79]^[80] 57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 403 parallel cycles per polygon^[79]^[80]]
↑ [4 system cycles per per display pixel,^[1] 8 VDP2 memory cycles per lo-res display pixel, 4 VDP2 memory cycles per hi-res display pixel,^[83] VDP2 memory clock twice as high as system clock, 16-bit access per memory cycle^[84] 4 system cycles per per display pixel,^[1] 8 VDP2 memory cycles per lo-res display pixel, 4 VDP2 memory cycles per hi-res display pixel,^[83] VDP2 memory clock twice as high as system clock, 16-bit access per memory cycle^[84]]
↑ [2 memory cycles per pixel (8 memory cycles per 4 pixels)^[83]^[101] 2 memory cycles per pixel (8 memory cycles per 4 pixels)^[83]^[101]]
↑ [1 pixel per memory cycle (4 pixels per 4 memory cycles)^[83]^[101] 1 pixel per memory cycle (4 pixels per 4 memory cycles)^[83]^[101]]
↑ [2 pixels per memory cycle (4 pixels per 2 memory cycles)^[83]^[101] 2 pixels per memory cycle (4 pixels per 2 memory cycles)^[83]^[101]]
↑ [4 pixels per memory cycle^[83]^[101] 4 pixels per memory cycle^[83]^[101]]
↑ [2 memory cycles per pixel (8 memory cycles per 4 pixels)^[83]^[101] 2 memory cycles per pixel (8 memory cycles per 4 pixels)^[83]^[101]]
↑ [4096×4096 texel texture, 1024×1024 texel texture, 30 frames per second^[102] 4096×4096 texel texture, 1024×1024 texel texture, 30 frames per second^[102]]
↑ [1024×1024 to 2048×2048 pixel tilemaps 1024×1024 to 2048×2048 pixel tilemaps]
↑ [4x 128×128 tiles^[93] 4x 128×128 tiles^[93]]
↑ [2048×2048 to 4096×4096 texel textures 2048×2048 to 4096×4096 texel textures]
↑ ^41.0 ^41.1 ^41.2 [32‑bit, 28.63636 MHz 32‑bit, 28.63636 MHz]
↑ [28.63636 MHz, 34 ns^[104]^[105]^[106] 28.63636 MHz, 34 ns^[104]^[105]^[106]]
↑ [22.222222 MHz, 45 ns cycles, 70 ns access^[107]^[108]^[109] 22.222222 MHz, 45 ns cycles, 70 ns access^[107]^[108]^[109]]
↑ [SDRAM, 80-bit SDRAM, 80-bit]
↑ [16‑bit, 28.63636 MHz, 34 ns^[104]^[105]^[106] 16‑bit, 28.63636 MHz, 34 ns^[104]^[105]^[106]]
↑ [32‑bit, 28.63636 MHz (2x 16-bit), 34 ns^[110]^[106] 32‑bit, 28.63636 MHz (2x 16-bit), 34 ns^[110]^[106]]
↑ [32‑bit (2x 16-bit), 57.27272 MHz, 17 ns,^[110]^[106] 4 system cycles per per display pixel,^[1] 8 VDP2 memory cycles per lo-res display pixel, 4 VDP2 memory cycles per hi-res display pixel,^[83] VDP2 memory clock twice as high as system clock, 16-bit access per memory cycle^[84] 32‑bit (2x 16-bit), 57.27272 MHz, 17 ns,^[110]^[106] 4 system cycles per per display pixel,^[1] 8 VDP2 memory cycles per lo-res display pixel, 4 VDP2 memory cycles per hi-res display pixel,^[83] VDP2 memory clock twice as high as system clock, 16-bit access per memory cycle^[84]]
↑ [17 MB textures (4096×4096 and 1024×1024 texels, 8-bit palettes) compressed in 512 KB VDP2 memory 17 MB textures (4096×4096 and 1024×1024 texels, 8-bit palettes) compressed in 512 KB VDP2 memory]
↑ [FPM DRAM, 16‑bit, 20 MHz, 50 ns cycles, 70 ns access^[111]^[112] FPM DRAM, 16‑bit, 20 MHz, 50 ns cycles, 70 ns access^[111]^[112]]
↑ [FPM DRAM, 16‑bit, 20 MHz, 50 ns cycles, 80 ns access^[113]^[109] FPM DRAM, 16‑bit, 20 MHz, 50 ns cycles, 80 ns access^[113]^[109]]
↑ NVRAM, 8‑bit, 10 MHz, 100 ns^[114]^[115]
↑ MROM/EPROM, 16‑bit, 10 MHz^[18]^[116]
↑ [FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 22.222222 MHz, 45 ns cycles, 70 ns access^[117]^[118] FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 22.222222 MHz, 45 ns cycles, 70 ns access^[117]^[118]]
↑ [FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 25 MHz, 40 ns cycles, 60 ns access^[44]^[119]^[120] FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 25 MHz, 40 ns cycles, 60 ns access^[44]^[119]^[120]]
↑ [2× SDRAM, 2× FPM DRAM 2× SDRAM, 2× FPM DRAM]
↑ [80-bit 80-bit]
↑ [16-bit, 28.63636 MHz 16-bit, 28.63636 MHz]
↑ ^58.0 ^58.1 ^58.2 [SDRAM, 16-bit, 28.63636 MHz SDRAM, 16-bit, 28.63636 MHz]
↑ [2x SDRAM, 32-bit (2x 16-bit),^[26] 57.27272 MHz (2x 28.63636 MHz), 4 system cycles per per display pixel,^[1] 8 VDP2 memory cycles per lo-res display pixel, 4 VDP2 memory cycles per hi-res display pixel,^[83] VDP2 memory clock twice as high as system clock, 16-bit access per memory cycle^[84] 2x SDRAM, 32-bit (2x 16-bit),^[26] 57.27272 MHz (2x 28.63636 MHz), 4 system cycles per per display pixel,^[1] 8 VDP2 memory cycles per lo-res display pixel, 4 VDP2 memory cycles per hi-res display pixel,^[83] VDP2 memory clock twice as high as system clock, 16-bit access per memory cycle^[84]]
↑ ^60.0 ^60.1 [FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 28.63636 MHz FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 28.63636 MHz]
↑ [7 buses, 144-bit bus width 7 buses, 144-bit bus width]
↑ [114.54544 MB/s SDRAM, 88.888888 MB/s FPM DRAM 114.54544 MB/s SDRAM, 88.888888 MB/s FPM DRAM]
↑ [8‑bit, 10 MHz 8‑bit, 10 MHz]
↑ [SDRAM, 4 buses, 80-bit bus width, 28.63636 MHz SDRAM, 4 buses, 80-bit bus width, 28.63636 MHz]
↑ [114.54544 MB/s framebuffers, 57.27272 MB/s texture cache, 48-bit bus width 114.54544 MB/s framebuffers, 57.27272 MB/s texture cache, 48-bit bus width]
↑ [32-bit bus width, 57.27272 MHz (2x 28.63636 MHz), 4 system cycles per per display pixel,^[1] 8 VDP2 memory cycles per lo-res display pixel, 4 VDP2 memory cycles per hi-res display pixel,^[83] VDP2 memory clock twice as high as system clock, 16-bit access per memory cycle^[84] 32-bit bus width, 57.27272 MHz (2x 28.63636 MHz), 4 system cycles per per display pixel,^[1] 8 VDP2 memory cycles per lo-res display pixel, 4 VDP2 memory cycles per hi-res display pixel,^[83] VDP2 memory clock twice as high as system clock, 16-bit access per memory cycle^[84]]
↑ [534.77376 megapixels/sec fillrate, 8-bit palettes 534.77376 megapixels/sec fillrate, 8-bit palettes]
↑ ^68.0 ^68.1 [FPM DRAM, 16‑bit, 20 MHz FPM DRAM, 16‑bit, 20 MHz]
↑ [114.54544 MB/s per SH2 114.54544 MB/s per SH2]
↑ [32‑bit, 20 MHz 32‑bit, 20 MHz]
↑ [171.81816 MB/s for 3 buses, 114.54544 MB/s for 1 bus 171.81816 MB/s for 3 buses, 114.54544 MB/s for 1 bus]
↑ [2 MB/s RAM, 5 MB/s ROM 2 MB/s RAM, 5 MB/s ROM]
↑ [16‑bit, 11.29 MHz 16‑bit, 11.29 MHz]
↑ [24‑bit, 22.58 MHz 24‑bit, 22.58 MHz]
↑ [171.81816 MB/s VDP1, 114.54544 MB/s VDP2 color RAM cache 171.81816 MB/s VDP1, 114.54544 MB/s VDP2 color RAM cache]
↑ [16‑bit, 10 MHz 16‑bit, 10 MHz]
↑ [FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 22.222222 MHz FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 22.222222 MHz]
↑ [FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 25 MHz FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 25 MHz]

References

↑ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 Sega Saturn hardware notes (2004-04-27)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 File:Hitachi SuperH Programming Manual.pdf
↑ File:SH7604 Hardware Manual.pdf
↑ File:SH-2A.pdf, page 2
↑ SH7040, SH7041, SH7042, SH7043, SH7044, SH7045, Renesas
↑ File:Hitachi SuperH Programming Manual.pdf, page 390
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 File:SH7604 Hardware Manual.pdf, page 3
↑ File:SH7604 Hardware Manual.pdf, page 219
↑ ^9.00 ^9.01 ^9.02 ^9.03 ^9.04 ^9.05 ^9.06 ^9.07 ^9.08 ^9.09 ^9.10 ^9.11 ^9.12 ^9.13 File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 File:SH7604 Hardware Manual.pdf, page 22
↑ File:ST-103-R1-040194.pdf, page 23
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 File:SH7604 Hardware Manual.pdf, page 303
↑ File:Hitachi SuperH Programming Manual.pdf, page 31
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 File:Hitachi SuperH Programming Manual.pdf, page 155
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 ^15.3 ^15.4 ^15.5 ^15.6 ^15.7 File:ST-103-R1-040194.pdf
↑ ^16.0 ^16.1 File:ST-097-R5-072694.pdf
↑ ^17.0 ^17.1 File:ST-TECH.pdf, page 157
↑ ^18.0 ^18.1 ^18.2 ^18.3 ^18.4 ^18.5 ^18.6 ^18.7 Sega Saturn (MAME)
↑ ^19.0 ^19.1 File:HD40491 datasheet.pdf
↑ ^20.0 ^20.1 ^20.2 ^20.3 File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 12
↑ ^21.0 ^21.1 File:ST-077-R2-052594.pdf
↑ ^22.0 ^22.1 File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 42
↑ ^23.0 ^23.1 Sega Saturn FAQ (January 8, 2000)
↑ Obsolete Microprocessors
↑ ^25.0 ^25.1 ^25.2 ^25.3 ^25.4 File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf
↑ ^26.0 ^26.1 ^26.2 File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf
↑ ^27.0 ^27.1 ^27.2 ^27.3 ^27.4 ^27.5 ^27.6 ^27.7 File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 52
↑ ^28.0 ^28.1 ^28.2 ^28.3 File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 64
↑ ^29.0 ^29.1 File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 6
↑ ^30.0 ^30.1 ^30.2 File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 24
↑ ^31.0 ^31.1 ^31.2 STV VDP2 (MAME)
↑ ^32.0 ^32.1 File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 18
↑ ^33.0 ^33.1 ^33.2 ^33.3 STV VDP1 (MAME)
↑ ^34.0 ^34.1 ^34.2 ^34.3 ^34.4 ^34.5 ^34.6 Next Generation, "December 1996" (US; 1996-11-19), page 64
↑ ^35.0 ^35.1 ^35.2 File:SH7604 Hardware Manual.pdf, page 51
↑ ^36.0 ^36.1 ^36.2 File:Hitachi SuperH Programming Manual.pdf, page 308
↑ File:SH7604 Hardware Manual.pdf, page 36
↑ ^38.0 ^38.1 File:ST-240-A-SP1-052295.pdf, page 8
↑ ^39.0 ^39.1 Design of Digital Systems and Devices (page 97)
↑ 3D Polygon Rendering Pipeline (page 50)
↑ File:ST-237-R1-051795.pdf, page 51
↑ Design of Digital Systems and Devices (page 95)
↑ ^43.0 ^43.1 [Sega DTS, March 1996, DSP Demo Sega DTS, March 1996, DSP Demo]
↑ ^44.0 ^44.1 ^44.2 ^44.3 File:13-APR-94.pdf, page 8
↑ ^45.0 ^45.1 File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 14
↑ ^46.0 ^46.1 ^46.2 File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 40
↑ File:ST-103-R1-040194.pdf, page 17
↑ ^48.0 ^48.1 File:ST-097-R5-072694.pdf, page 93
↑ ^49.0 ^49.1 ^49.2 File:ST-TECH.pdf, page 149
↑ File:ST-TECH.pdf, page 152
↑ File:ST-103-R1-040194.pdf, page 25
↑ File:ST-TECH.pdf, page 163
↑ The State of Sega Saturn Homebrew
↑ ^54.0 ^54.1 Pure Entertainment Interview
↑ File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 34
↑ File:TUTORIAL.pdf, page 11
↑ ^57.0 ^57.1 ^57.2 File:ST-TECH.pdf, page 147
↑ File:ST-TECH.pdf, page 135
↑ File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 34
↑ ^60.0 ^60.1 ^60.2 ^60.3 File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 110
↑ File:ST-238-R1-051795.pdf
↑ ^62.0 ^62.1 File:ST-238-R1-051795.pdf, page 232
↑ ^63.0 ^63.1 File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 41
↑ File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 24
↑ Sega Saturn 3D Capabilities
↑ ^66.0 ^66.1 File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 177
↑ File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 149
↑ Sega Saturn Tech Specs
↑ Sega System 24 Hardware Notes (2013-06-16)
↑ File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 119
↑ File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 29
↑ File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 81
↑ ^73.0 ^73.1 File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 75
↑ File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 39
↑ File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 35
↑ File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 65
↑ File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 61
↑ ^78.0 ^78.1 ^78.2 ^78.3 File:TUTORIAL.pdf, page 15
↑ ^79.0 ^79.1 ^79.2 ^79.3 ^79.4 ^79.5 ^79.6 File:TUTORIAL.pdf, page 8
↑ ^80.0 ^80.1 ^80.2 ^80.3 ^80.4 Saturn VDP1 hardware notes (2003-05-17)
↑ File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 44
↑ ^82.0 ^82.1 Sega Visions, "May 1995" (US; 1995-xx-xx), page 14
↑ ^83.0 ^83.1 ^83.2 ^83.3 ^83.4 ^83.5 ^83.6 ^83.7 ^83.8 File:ST-TECH.pdf, page 142
↑ ^84.0 ^84.1 ^84.2 ^84.3 File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 162
↑ ^85.0 ^85.1 File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 38
↑ File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 163
↑ Sonic R
↑ ^88.0 ^88.1 ^88.2 File:TUTORIAL.pdf, page 223
↑ ^89.0 ^89.1 ^89.2 ^89.3 File:ST-TECH.pdf, page 165
↑ ^90.0 ^90.1 [Mass Destruction, developer note Mass Destruction, developer note]
↑ ^91.0 ^91.1 [Sega DTS, March 1996, Coefficient Table Madness Demo Sega DTS, March 1996, Coefficient Table Madness Demo]
↑ Edge, "March 1996" (UK; 1996-02-09), page 99
↑ ^93.0 ^93.1 ^93.2 File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 132
↑ ^94.0 ^94.1 File:13-APR-94.pdf, page 12
↑ [Sega DTS, March 1996, Dual Rotating Background Demos Sega DTS, March 1996, Dual Rotating Background Demos]
↑ File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 23
↑ File:13-APR-94.pdf, page 28
↑ File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 54
↑ File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 79
↑ File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 360
↑ ^101.0 ^101.1 ^101.2 ^101.3 ^101.4 File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 49
↑ Sega Saturn interesting finds
↑ File:ST-103-R1-040194.pdf, page 39
↑ ^104.0 ^104.1 File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 26
↑ ^105.0 ^105.1 File:HM5241605 datasheet.pdf
↑ ^106.0 ^106.1 ^106.2 ^106.3 File:UPD4504161 datasheet.pdf
↑ File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 51
↑ File:TC514260B datasheet.pdf
↑ ^109.0 ^109.1 File:HM514260 datasheet.pdf
↑ ^110.0 ^110.1 File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 37
↑ File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 46
↑ File:HM514270D datasheet.pdf
↑ File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 55
↑ File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 32
↑ File:SRM20256L datasheet.pdf
↑ File:TC574200D datasheet.pdf
↑ 「セガサターン拡張RAMカートリッジ　回路図」
↑ File:HM514260C datasheet.pdf
↑ Sega Saturn Memory Cartridge Interface
↑ File:KM48C2100A datasheet.pdf

Sega Saturn
Topics	Technical Specifications (Hardware Comparison) \| History (Development \| Release \| Decline and legacy) \| List of games (A-M) \| List of games (N-Z) \| Magazine articles \| Promotional material \| Merchandise
Hardware	Japan \| North America \| Western Europe \| Eastern Europe \| South America \| Asia \| South Korea \| Australasia \| Africa HiSaturn Navi \| SunSeibu SGX \| Sega Titan Video
Add-ons	Backup Memory (third-party) \| Sega PriFun \| Video CD Card (third-party) \| Extended RAM Cartridge (third-party) \| Twin Advanced ROM System
Controllers	Control Pad \| Control Pad (Australia) \| 3D Control Pad \| Arcade Racer \| Infrared Control Pad \| Mission Stick \| Shuttle Mouse \| Twin Stick \| Virtua Gun \| Virtua Stick \| Virtua Stick Pro
Online Services/Add-ons	NetLink Internet Modem (NetLink Keyboard \| NetLink Keyboard Adapter \| NetLink Mouse) \| Saturn Modem (Floppy Drive \| Keyboard)
Connector Cables	21 Pin RGB Cable \| Monaural AV Cable \| RF Unit \| Stereo AV Cable \| S-Video Cable \| Taisen Cable
Development Hardware	Programming Box \| Sound Box \| E7000 \| CartDev \| SNASM2 \| Address Checker \| PSY-Q Development System \| MIRAGE Universal CD Emulator
Misc. Hardware	6Player \| SBom Multitap‎ \| Saturn region converter cartridges \| Action Replay \| Pro Action Replay \| Action Replay Plus \| X-Terminator (Version 3) \| S-S Promoter \| Other cartridges

[MOPS_.28million_operations_per_second.29-13] [MOPS (million operations per second) MOPS (million operations per second)]

[1_operation_per_cycle.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-0000002C-QINU.60.22.27.7F-15] [1 operation per cycle^[13] 1 operation per cycle^[13]]

[39_cycles_per_divide.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000033-QINU.60.22.27.7F-17] [39 cycles per divide^[14] 39 cycles per divide^[14]]

[74.454536_MIPS_SH-2.2C_85.90908_MIPS_SCU.2C_28.63636_MIPS_VDP2-38] [74.454536 MIPS SH-2, 85.90908 MIPS SCU, 28.63636 MIPS VDP2 74.454536 MIPS SH-2, 85.90908 MIPS SCU, 28.63636 MIPS VDP2]

[2x_SH-2_MULT:_57.27272_MOPS.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000A5-QINU.60.22.27.7F_.3Cbr.3E_2x_SH-2_DIVU:_1.468531_MOPS_.2839_cycles_per_divide.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000A8-QINU.60.22.27.7F_.3Cbr.3E_SCU_DSP:_28.63636_MOPS_.28add_and_multiply_per_cycle.29_.3Cbr.3E_VDP2:_28.63636_MOPS-41] [2x SH-2 MULT: 57.27272 MOPS^[35]
2x SH-2 DIVU: 1.468531 MOPS (39 cycles per divide)^[36]
SCU DSP: 28.63636 MOPS (add and multiply per cycle)
VDP2: 28.63636 MOPS 2x SH-2 MULT: 57.27272 MOPS^[35]
2x SH-2 DIVU: 1.468531 MOPS (39 cycles per divide)^[36]
SCU DSP: 28.63636 MOPS (add and multiply per cycle)
VDP2: 28.63636 MOPS]

[2x_SH-2:_57.2C272.2C720_adds.2Fsec_.281_cycle_per_multiply.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000AC-QINU.60.22.27.7F_.3Cbr.3E_SCU_DSP:_14.2C318.2C180_multiplies.2Fsec_.281_cycle_per_multiply.29_.3Cbr.3E_VDP2:_14.31818_adds.2Fsec-42] [2x SH-2: 57,272,720 adds/sec (1 cycle per multiply)^[35]
SCU DSP: 14,318,180 multiplies/sec (1 cycle per multiply)
VDP2: 14.31818 adds/sec 2x SH-2: 57,272,720 adds/sec (1 cycle per multiply)^[35]
SCU DSP: 14,318,180 multiplies/sec (1 cycle per multiply)
VDP2: 14.31818 adds/sec]

[2x_SH-2:_57.2C272.2C720_multiplies.2Fsec_.281_cycle_per_multiply.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000B0-QINU.60.22.27.7F_.3Cbr.3E_SCU_DSP:_14.2C318.2C180_multiplies.2Fsec_.281_cycle_per_multiply.29_.3Cbr.3E_VDP2:_14.31818_multiplies.2Fsec-44] [2x SH-2: 57,272,720 multiplies/sec (1 cycle per multiply)^[37]
SCU DSP: 14,318,180 multiplies/sec (1 cycle per multiply)
VDP2: 14.31818 multiplies/sec 2x SH-2: 57,272,720 multiplies/sec (1 cycle per multiply)^[37]
SCU DSP: 14,318,180 multiplies/sec (1 cycle per multiply)
VDP2: 14.31818 multiplies/sec]

[2x_CPU:_3.2C579.2C545_divides.2Fsec_.2816_cycles_per_16-bit_divide.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000B4-QINU.60.22.27.7F_.3Cbr.3E_2x_DIVU:_1.2C468.2C531_divides.2Fsec_.2839_cycles_per_divide.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000B7-QINU.60.22.27.7F-45] [2x CPU: 3,579,545 divides/sec (16 cycles per 16-bit divide)^[14]
2x DIVU: 1,468,531 divides/sec (39 cycles per divide)^[36] 2x CPU: 3,579,545 divides/sec (16 cycles per 16-bit divide)^[14]
2x DIVU: 1,468,531 divides/sec (39 cycles per divide)^[36]]

[2x_SH-2_MULT:_57.27272_MOPS_.28million_operations_per_second.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000BB-QINU.60.22.27.7F_.3Cbr.3E_2x_SH-2_DIVU:_1.468531_MOPS_.2839_cycles_per_divide.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000BE-QINU.60.22.27.7F_.3Cbr.3E_SCU_DSP:_28.63636_MOPS_.28add_and_multiply_per_cycle.29_.3Cbr.3E_VDP2:_28.63636_MOPS_.28only_for_VDP2.27s_3D_planes.29-46] [2x SH-2 MULT: 57.27272 MOPS (million operations per second)^[35]
2x SH-2 DIVU: 1.468531 MOPS (39 cycles per divide)^[36]
SCU DSP: 28.63636 MOPS (add and multiply per cycle)
VDP2: 28.63636 MOPS (only for VDP2's 3D planes) 2x SH-2 MULT: 57.27272 MOPS (million operations per second)^[35]
2x SH-2 DIVU: 1.468531 MOPS (39 cycles per divide)^[36]
SCU DSP: 28.63636 MOPS (add and multiply per cycle)
VDP2: 28.63636 MOPS (only for VDP2's 3D planes)]

[Transformation_.2821_adds.2Fmultiplies.29.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000C2-QINU.60.22.27.7F_projection_.284_adds.2Fmultiplies.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000C3-QINU.60.22.27.7F_and_perspective_division_.281_divide.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000C4-QINU.60.22.27.7F_per_vertex:.0A.2A894.2C886_vertices.2Fsec:_894.2C886_SCU_DSP_transformations_.2814_cycles_per_transform.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000C7-QINU.60.22.27.7F_2_cycles_per_projection.29.2C_894.2C886_SH-2_DIVU_divisions_.281_divide_per_vertex.29.0A.2A573.2C644_vertices.2Fsec:_14.2C341.2C100_SH-2_MULT_DSP_transform.2Fprojection_operations_.2825_cycles_per_vertex.29.2C_573.2C644_SH-2_DIVU_divisions_.281_divide_per_vertex.29.0A.2A1.2C011.2C294_vertices.2Fsec:_41.2C463.2C054_SH-2_transform.2Fprojection.2Fdivide_cycles_.2841_cycles_per_vertex.29-50] [Transformation (21 adds/multiplies),^[38] projection (4 adds/multiplies)^[39] and perspective division (1 divide)^[40] per vertex:
894,886 vertices/sec: 894,886 SCU DSP transformations (14 cycles per transform,^[38] 2 cycles per projection), 894,886 SH-2 DIVU divisions (1 divide per vertex)

573,644 vertices/sec: 14,341,100 SH-2 MULT DSP transform/projection operations (25 cycles per vertex), 573,644 SH-2 DIVU divisions (1 divide per vertex)

1,011,294 vertices/sec: 41,463,054 SH-2 transform/projection/divide cycles (41 cycles per vertex)
Transformation (21 adds/multiplies),^[38] projection (4 adds/multiplies)^[39] and perspective division (1 divide)^[40] per vertex:
894,886 vertices/sec: 894,886 SCU DSP transformations (14 cycles per transform,^[38] 2 cycles per projection), 894,886 SH-2 DIVU divisions (1 divide per vertex)

573,644 vertices/sec: 14,341,100 SH-2 MULT DSP transform/projection operations (25 cycles per vertex), 573,644 SH-2 DIVU divisions (1 divide per vertex)

1,011,294 vertices/sec: 41,463,054 SH-2 transform/projection/divide cycles (41 cycles per vertex)]

[11] 894,886 vertices/sec: 894,886 SCU DSP transformations (14 cycles per transform,^[38] 2 cycles per projection), 894,886 SH-2 DIVU divisions (1 divide per vertex)

[12] 573,644 vertices/sec: 14,341,100 SH-2 MULT DSP transform/projection operations (25 cycles per vertex), 573,644 SH-2 DIVU divisions (1 divide per vertex)

[13] 1,011,294 vertices/sec: 41,463,054 SH-2 transform/projection/divide cycles (41 cycles per vertex)

[14] 894,886 vertices/sec: 894,886 SCU DSP transformations (14 cycles per transform,^[38] 2 cycles per projection), 894,886 SH-2 DIVU divisions (1 divide per vertex)

[15] 573,644 vertices/sec: 14,341,100 SH-2 MULT DSP transform/projection operations (25 cycles per vertex), 573,644 SH-2 DIVU divisions (1 divide per vertex)

[16] 1,011,294 vertices/sec: 41,463,054 SH-2 transform/projection/divide cycles (41 cycles per vertex)]

[8_vertices_per_cube_.286_quad_polygons.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000CB-QINU.60.22.27.7F-52] [8 vertices per cube (6 quad polygons)^[41] 8 vertices per cube (6 quad polygons)^[41]]

[8_transformations_.28168_adds.2Fmultiplies.29.2C_6_surface_normals_.2872_multiplies.2C_36_adds.29.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000CD-QINU.60.22.27.7F_6_light_sources_.2872_adds.2Fmultiplies.29.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000CE-QINU.60.22.27.7F_8_projections_.2832_adds.2Fmultiplies.29_and_8_perspective_divisions_.2824_divides.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000CF-QINU.60.22.27.7F_per_cube_with_8_vertices_and_6_quad_polygons:.0A.2A52.2C640_cubes.2Fsec:_52.2C640_SCU_DSP_cubes_.28112_transform_cycles.2C_72_surface_normal_cycles.2C_72_light_source_cycles.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000D0-QINU.60.22.27.7F_16_projection_cycles.29.2C_1.2C263.2C360_SH-2_DIVU_divisions_.2824_divides_per_cube.29.0A.2A8548_cubes.2Fsec:_2.2C940.2C512_SH-2_MULT_DSP_transform.2Fprojection_operations_.28347_cycles_per_cube.29.2C_205.2C152_SH-2_DIVU_divisions_.2824_divides_per_cube.29.0A.2A72.2C614_cubes.2Fsec:_52.2C862.2C992_SH-2_transform.2Fprojection.2Fdivide_cycles_.28728_cycles_per_cube.29-55] [8 transformations (168 adds/multiplies), 6 surface normals (72 multiplies, 36 adds),^[42] 6 light sources (72 adds/multiplies),^[43] 8 projections (32 adds/multiplies) and 8 perspective divisions (24 divides)^[39] per cube with 8 vertices and 6 quad polygons:
52,640 cubes/sec: 52,640 SCU DSP cubes (112 transform cycles, 72 surface normal cycles, 72 light source cycles,^[43] 16 projection cycles), 1,263,360 SH-2 DIVU divisions (24 divides per cube)

8548 cubes/sec: 2,940,512 SH-2 MULT DSP transform/projection operations (347 cycles per cube), 205,152 SH-2 DIVU divisions (24 divides per cube)

72,614 cubes/sec: 52,862,992 SH-2 transform/projection/divide cycles (728 cycles per cube)
8 transformations (168 adds/multiplies), 6 surface normals (72 multiplies, 36 adds),^[42] 6 light sources (72 adds/multiplies),^[43] 8 projections (32 adds/multiplies) and 8 perspective divisions (24 divides)^[39] per cube with 8 vertices and 6 quad polygons:
52,640 cubes/sec: 52,640 SCU DSP cubes (112 transform cycles, 72 surface normal cycles, 72 light source cycles,^[43] 16 projection cycles), 1,263,360 SH-2 DIVU divisions (24 divides per cube)

8548 cubes/sec: 2,940,512 SH-2 MULT DSP transform/projection operations (347 cycles per cube), 205,152 SH-2 DIVU divisions (24 divides per cube)

72,614 cubes/sec: 52,862,992 SH-2 transform/projection/divide cycles (728 cycles per cube)]

[19] 52,640 cubes/sec: 52,640 SCU DSP cubes (112 transform cycles, 72 surface normal cycles, 72 light source cycles,^[43] 16 projection cycles), 1,263,360 SH-2 DIVU divisions (24 divides per cube)

[20] 8548 cubes/sec: 2,940,512 SH-2 MULT DSP transform/projection operations (347 cycles per cube), 205,152 SH-2 DIVU divisions (24 divides per cube)

[21] 72,614 cubes/sec: 52,862,992 SH-2 transform/projection/divide cycles (728 cycles per cube)

[22] 52,640 cubes/sec: 52,640 SCU DSP cubes (112 transform cycles, 72 surface normal cycles, 72 light source cycles,^[43] 16 projection cycles), 1,263,360 SH-2 DIVU divisions (24 divides per cube)

[23] 8548 cubes/sec: 2,940,512 SH-2 MULT DSP transform/projection operations (347 cycles per cube), 205,152 SH-2 DIVU divisions (24 divides per cube)

[24] 72,614 cubes/sec: 52,862,992 SH-2 transform/projection/divide cycles (728 cycles per cube)]

[8_transformations_.28168_adds.2Fmultiplies.29.2C_8_surface_normals_.2896_multiplies.2C_48_adds.29.2C_8_light_sources_.2896_adds.2Fmultiplies.29.2C_8_projections_.2832_adds.2Fmultiplies.29_and_8_perspective_divisions_.2824_divides.29_per_cube_with_8_vertices_and_6_quad_polygons:.0A.2A44.2C744_cubes.2Fsec:_44.2C744_SCU_DSP_cubes_.28112_transform_cycles.2C_96_surface_normal_cycles.2C_96_light_source_cycles.2C_16_projection_cycles.29.2C_1.2C073.2C856_SH-2_DIVU_divisions_.2824_divides_per_cube.29.0A.2A16.2C444_cubes.2Fsec:_7.2C235.2C360_SH-2_MULT_DSP_transform.2Fprojection_operations_.28440_cycles_per_cube.29.2C_394.2C675_SH-2_DIVU_divisions_.288_divides_per_cube.29.0A.2A58.2C942_cubes.2Fsec:_48.2C568.2C208_SH-2_transform.2Fprojection.2Fdivide_cycles_.28824_cycles_per_cube.29-56] [8 transformations (168 adds/multiplies), 8 surface normals (96 multiplies, 48 adds), 8 light sources (96 adds/multiplies), 8 projections (32 adds/multiplies) and 8 perspective divisions (24 divides) per cube with 8 vertices and 6 quad polygons:
44,744 cubes/sec: 44,744 SCU DSP cubes (112 transform cycles, 96 surface normal cycles, 96 light source cycles, 16 projection cycles), 1,073,856 SH-2 DIVU divisions (24 divides per cube)

16,444 cubes/sec: 7,235,360 SH-2 MULT DSP transform/projection operations (440 cycles per cube), 394,675 SH-2 DIVU divisions (8 divides per cube)

58,942 cubes/sec: 48,568,208 SH-2 transform/projection/divide cycles (824 cycles per cube)
8 transformations (168 adds/multiplies), 8 surface normals (96 multiplies, 48 adds), 8 light sources (96 adds/multiplies), 8 projections (32 adds/multiplies) and 8 perspective divisions (24 divides) per cube with 8 vertices and 6 quad polygons:
44,744 cubes/sec: 44,744 SCU DSP cubes (112 transform cycles, 96 surface normal cycles, 96 light source cycles, 16 projection cycles), 1,073,856 SH-2 DIVU divisions (24 divides per cube)

16,444 cubes/sec: 7,235,360 SH-2 MULT DSP transform/projection operations (440 cycles per cube), 394,675 SH-2 DIVU divisions (8 divides per cube)

58,942 cubes/sec: 48,568,208 SH-2 transform/projection/divide cycles (824 cycles per cube)]

[26] 44,744 cubes/sec: 44,744 SCU DSP cubes (112 transform cycles, 96 surface normal cycles, 96 light source cycles, 16 projection cycles), 1,073,856 SH-2 DIVU divisions (24 divides per cube)

[27] 16,444 cubes/sec: 7,235,360 SH-2 MULT DSP transform/projection operations (440 cycles per cube), 394,675 SH-2 DIVU divisions (8 divides per cube)

[28] 58,942 cubes/sec: 48,568,208 SH-2 transform/projection/divide cycles (824 cycles per cube)

[29] 44,744 cubes/sec: 44,744 SCU DSP cubes (112 transform cycles, 96 surface normal cycles, 96 light source cycles, 16 projection cycles), 1,073,856 SH-2 DIVU divisions (24 divides per cube)

[30] 16,444 cubes/sec: 7,235,360 SH-2 MULT DSP transform/projection operations (440 cycles per cube), 394,675 SH-2 DIVU divisions (8 divides per cube)

[31] 58,942 cubes/sec: 48,568,208 SH-2 transform/projection/divide cycles (824 cycles per cube)]

[Multiplexed_.2857.27272_MB.2Fs_VDP1.2C_57.27272_MB.2Fs_VDP2.29.2C_16-bit_per_VDP.2C_28.63636_MHz.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000D5-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000D8-QINU.60.22.27.7F.0A.2A_Maximum_VDP1_polygon_transfer:_1.2C789.2C772_polygons.2Fsec_.2857.272704_MB.2Fs.2C_32_bytes_per_polygon.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000DB-QINU.60.22.27.7F-60] [Multiplexed (57.27272 MB/s VDP1, 57.27272 MB/s VDP2), 16-bit per VDP, 28.63636 MHz^[44]^[45]
Maximum VDP1 polygon transfer: 1,789,772 polygons/sec (57.272704 MB/s, 32 bytes per polygon)^[46]
Multiplexed (57.27272 MB/s VDP1, 57.27272 MB/s VDP2), 16-bit per VDP, 28.63636 MHz^[44]^[45]
Maximum VDP1 polygon transfer: 1,789,772 polygons/sec (57.272704 MB/s, 32 bytes per polygon)^[46]]

[33] Maximum VDP1 polygon transfer: 1,789,772 polygons/sec (57.272704 MB/s, 32 bytes per polygon)^[46]

[34] Maximum VDP1 polygon transfer: 1,789,772 polygons/sec (57.272704 MB/s, 32 bytes per polygon)^[46]]

[8-bit.2C_28.63636_MHz.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000000DF-QINU.60.22.27.7F-61] [8-bit, 28.63636 MHz^[45] 8-bit, 28.63636 MHz^[45]]

[.5B.5BVDP1.5D.5D:_28.63636_MPixels.2Fs_.2815-bit_color.29.2C_35.6465_MPixels.2Fs_.288-bit_color.29_.3Cbr.3E_.5B.5BVDP2.5D.5D:_26.8426.E2.80.9328.63636_MPixels.2Fs_.2824-bit_color.29.2C_53.6852.E2.80.9357.27272_MPixels.2Fs_.2815-bit_color.29.2C_107.3704.E2.80.93114.54544_MPixels.2Fs_.288-bit_color.29.2C_214.7408.E2.80.93229.09088_MPixels.2Fs_.284-bit_color.29-62] VDP1: 28.63636 MPixels/s (15-bit color), 35.6465 MPixels/s (8-bit color)
VDP2: 26.8426–28.63636 MPixels/s (24-bit color), 53.6852–57.27272 MPixels/s (15-bit color), 107.3704–114.54544 MPixels/s (8-bit color), 214.7408–229.09088 MPixels/s (4-bit color)

[VDP1:_28.63636.E2.80.9335.6465_MPixels.2Fs_.3Cbr.3E_VDP2:_251.65824.E2.80.93534.77376_MPixels.2Fs-63] [VDP1: 28.63636–35.6465 MPixels/s
VDP2: 251.65824–534.77376 MPixels/s VDP1: 28.63636–35.6465 MPixels/s
VDP2: 251.65824–534.77376 MPixels/s]

[57.27272_MB.2Fs_per_bus-73] [57.27272 MB/s per bus 57.27272 MB/s per bus]

[28.63636_MHz_texture_cache.2C_28.63636_MHz_draw.2Frender_framebuffer.2C_28.63636_MHz_display.2Ferase_framebuffer.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000123-QINU.60.22.27.7F-74] [28.63636 MHz texture cache, 28.63636 MHz draw/render framebuffer, 28.63636 MHz display/erase framebuffer^[29] 28.63636 MHz texture cache, 28.63636 MHz draw/render framebuffer, 28.63636 MHz display/erase framebuffer^[29]]

[1_cycle_per_.5B.5Bpixel.5D.5D.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-0000018A-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-0000018D-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000190-QINU.60.22.27.7F-95] [1 cycle per pixel^[27]^[75]^[28] 1 cycle per pixel^[27]^[75]^[28]]

[28.63636_MPixels.2Fs_draw.2C_14.418_MPixels.2Fs_erase.2Fwrite.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000194-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000197-QINU.60.22.27.7F-98] [28.63636 MPixels/s draw, 14.418 MPixels/s erase/write^[76]^[77] 28.63636 MPixels/s draw, 14.418 MPixels/s erase/write^[76]^[77]]

[164.2C576_Gouraud-shaded_10.C3.9710_polygons.2Fsec:_57.27272_million_parallel_bus_cycles.2Fsec.2C_248_cycles_overhead_per_polygon_.2816_cycles_command_table_fetch.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-0000019B-QINU.60.22.27.7F_232_cycles_Gouraud_shading.29.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-0000019E-QINU.60.22.27.7F_348_cycles_per_polygon_.28100_cycles_drawing_per_100-pixel_polygon.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-0000019F-QINU.60.22.27.7F-102] [164,576 Gouraud-shaded 10×10 polygons/sec: 57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 248 cycles overhead per polygon (16 cycles command table fetch,^[78] 232 cycles Gouraud shading),^[79] 348 cycles per polygon (100 cycles drawing per 100-pixel polygon)^[80] 164,576 Gouraud-shaded 10×10 polygons/sec: 57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 248 cycles overhead per polygon (16 cycles command table fetch,^[78] 232 cycles Gouraud shading),^[79] 348 cycles per polygon (100 cycles drawing per 100-pixel polygon)^[80]]

[Takes_six_times_longer_when_using_VDP1.27s_RGB_mode..7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001A3-QINU.60.22.27.7F_When_using_VDP2_palette_mode.2C_the_VDP1_draws_shadowed.2Ftranslucent_objects_at_full_speed.-103] [Takes six times longer when using VDP1's RGB mode.^[60] When using VDP2 palette mode, the VDP1 draws shadowed/translucent objects at full speed. Takes six times longer when using VDP1's RGB mode.^[60] When using VDP2 palette mode, the VDP1 draws shadowed/translucent objects at full speed.]

[Drawing_process_is_asynchronous.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001A7-QINU.60.22.27.7F_commands.2Ftextures_read_from_texture_cache_and_pixels.2Ftexels_written_to_rendering_framebuffer_in_parallel_.2857.27272_million_parallel_bus_cycles.2Fsec.29.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001AA-QINU.60.22.27.7F_148_textured_504.C3.97255_polygons.2Fsec_.28386.2C905_parallel_cycles_per_polygon.29.2C_136.2C363_textured_10.C3.9710_polygons.2Fsec_.28420_parallel_cycles_per_polygon.29.2C_189.2C644_textured_8.C3.978_polygons.2Fsec_.28302_parallel_cycles_per_polygon.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001AD-QINU.60.22.27.7F-105] [Drawing process is asynchronous,^[78] commands/textures read from texture cache and pixels/texels written to rendering framebuffer in parallel (57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec),^[81] 148 textured 504×255 polygons/sec (386,905 parallel cycles per polygon), 136,363 textured 10×10 polygons/sec (420 parallel cycles per polygon), 189,644 textured 8×8 polygons/sec (302 parallel cycles per polygon)^[79] Drawing process is asynchronous,^[78] commands/textures read from texture cache and pixels/texels written to rendering framebuffer in parallel (57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec),^[81] 148 textured 504×255 polygons/sec (386,905 parallel cycles per polygon), 136,363 textured 10×10 polygons/sec (420 parallel cycles per polygon), 189,644 textured 8×8 polygons/sec (302 parallel cycles per polygon)^[79]]

[57.27272_million_parallel_bus_cycles.2Fsec.2C_147_textured_504.C3.97255_polygons.2Fsec_.28387.2C137_parallel_cycles_per_polygon.29.2C_87.2C841_textured_10.C3.9710_polygons.2Fsec_.28652_parallel_cycles_per_polygon.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001B1-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001B2-QINU.60.22.27.7F-106] [57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 147 textured 504×255 polygons/sec (387,137 parallel cycles per polygon), 87,841 textured 10×10 polygons/sec (652 parallel cycles per polygon)^[79]^[80] 57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 147 textured 504×255 polygons/sec (387,137 parallel cycles per polygon), 87,841 textured 10×10 polygons/sec (652 parallel cycles per polygon)^[79]^[80]]

[Flat_shading:_16_cycles_per_polygon_in_28.63636_MHz_texture_cache.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001B9-QINU.60.22.27.7F_1_cycle_per_pixel_in_28.63636_MHz_framebuffer-107] [Flat shading: 16 cycles per polygon in 28.63636 MHz texture cache,^[78] 1 cycle per pixel in 28.63636 MHz framebuffer Flat shading: 16 cycles per polygon in 28.63636 MHz texture cache,^[78] 1 cycle per pixel in 28.63636 MHz framebuffer]

[57.27272_million_parallel_bus_cycles.2Fsec.2C_248_cycles_overhead_per_polygon_.2816_cycles_command_table_fetch.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001C3-QINU.60.22.27.7F_232_cycles_Gouraud_shading.29.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001C6-QINU.60.22.27.7F_32_cycles_drawing_per_32-pixel_polygon.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001C7-QINU.60.22.27.7F-109] [57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 248 cycles overhead per polygon (16 cycles command table fetch,^[78] 232 cycles Gouraud shading),^[79] 32 cycles drawing per 32-pixel polygon^[80] 57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 248 cycles overhead per polygon (16 cycles command table fetch,^[78] 232 cycles Gouraud shading),^[79] 32 cycles drawing per 32-pixel polygon^[80]]

[57.27272_million_parallel_bus_cycles.2Fsec.2C_171_parallel_cycles_per_polygon.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001CF-QINU.60.22.27.7F-110] [57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 171 parallel cycles per polygon^[79] 57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 171 parallel cycles per polygon^[79]]

[200.2C000_texture-mapped_polygons.2Fsec.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001D3-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001D6-QINU.60.22.27.7F_57.27272_million_parallel_bus_cycles.2Fsec.2C_285_parallel_cycles_per_polygon.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001D9-QINU.60.22.27.7F-111] [200,000 texture-mapped polygons/sec,^[82]^[34] 57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 285 parallel cycles per polygon^[79] 200,000 texture-mapped polygons/sec,^[82]^[34] 57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 285 parallel cycles per polygon^[79]]

[57.27272_million_parallel_bus_cycles.2Fsec.2C_403_parallel_cycles_per_polygon.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001DD-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001DE-QINU.60.22.27.7F-112] [57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 403 parallel cycles per polygon^[79]^[80] 57.27272 million parallel bus cycles/sec, 403 parallel cycles per polygon^[79]^[80]]

[4_system_cycles_per_per_display_pixel.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001EB-QINU.60.22.27.7F_8_VDP2_memory_cycles_per_lo-res_display_pixel.2C_4_VDP2_memory_cycles_per_hi-res_display_pixel.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001EE-QINU.60.22.27.7F_VDP2_memory_clock_twice_as_high_as_system_clock.2C_16-bit_access_per_memory_cycle.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000001F1-QINU.60.22.27.7F-115] [4 system cycles per per display pixel,^[1] 8 VDP2 memory cycles per lo-res display pixel, 4 VDP2 memory cycles per hi-res display pixel,^[83] VDP2 memory clock twice as high as system clock, 16-bit access per memory cycle^[84] 4 system cycles per per display pixel,^[1] 8 VDP2 memory cycles per lo-res display pixel, 4 VDP2 memory cycles per hi-res display pixel,^[83] VDP2 memory clock twice as high as system clock, 16-bit access per memory cycle^[84]]

[2_memory_cycles_per_pixel_.288_memory_cycles_per_4_pixels.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000246-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000249-QINU.60.22.27.7F-133] [2 memory cycles per pixel (8 memory cycles per 4 pixels)^[83]^[101] 2 memory cycles per pixel (8 memory cycles per 4 pixels)^[83]^[101]]

[1_pixel_per_memory_cycle_.284_pixels_per_4_memory_cycles.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-0000024D-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000250-QINU.60.22.27.7F-134] [1 pixel per memory cycle (4 pixels per 4 memory cycles)^[83]^[101] 1 pixel per memory cycle (4 pixels per 4 memory cycles)^[83]^[101]]

[2_pixels_per_memory_cycle_.284_pixels_per_2_memory_cycles.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000254-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000257-QINU.60.22.27.7F-135] [2 pixels per memory cycle (4 pixels per 2 memory cycles)^[83]^[101] 2 pixels per memory cycle (4 pixels per 2 memory cycles)^[83]^[101]]

[4_pixels_per_memory_cycle.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-0000025B-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-0000025E-QINU.60.22.27.7F-136] [4 pixels per memory cycle^[83]^[101] 4 pixels per memory cycle^[83]^[101]]

[2_memory_cycles_per_pixel_.288_memory_cycles_per_4_pixels.29.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000262-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000265-QINU.60.22.27.7F-137] [2 memory cycles per pixel (8 memory cycles per 4 pixels)^[83]^[101] 2 memory cycles per pixel (8 memory cycles per 4 pixels)^[83]^[101]]

[4096.C3.974096_texel_texture.2C_1024.C3.971024_texel_texture.2C_30_frames_per_second.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000267-QINU.60.22.27.7F-139] [4096×4096 texel texture, 1024×1024 texel texture, 30 frames per second^[102] 4096×4096 texel texture, 1024×1024 texel texture, 30 frames per second^[102]]

[1024.C3.971024_to_2048.C3.972048_pixel_tilemaps-140] [1024×1024 to 2048×2048 pixel tilemaps 1024×1024 to 2048×2048 pixel tilemaps]

[4x_128.C3.97128_tiles.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-0000026C-QINU.60.22.27.7F-141] [4x 128×128 tiles^[93] 4x 128×128 tiles^[93]]

[2048.C3.972048_to_4096.C3.974096_texel_textures-142] [2048×2048 to 4096×4096 texel textures 2048×2048 to 4096×4096 texel textures]

[32.E2.80.91bit.2C_28.63636.26nbsp.3BMHz-144] 41.0 ^41.1 ^41.2 [32‑bit, 28.63636 MHz 32‑bit, 28.63636 MHz]

[28.63636.26nbsp.3BMHz.2C_34_ns.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-0000027B-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-0000027E-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000281-QINU.60.22.27.7F-148] [28.63636 MHz, 34 ns^[104]^[105]^[106] 28.63636 MHz, 34 ns^[104]^[105]^[106]]

[22.222222.26nbsp.3BMHz.2C_45_ns_cycles.2C_70_ns_access.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000285-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000288-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-0000028B-QINU.60.22.27.7F-152] [22.222222 MHz, 45 ns cycles, 70 ns access^[107]^[108]^[109] 22.222222 MHz, 45 ns cycles, 70 ns access^[107]^[108]^[109]]

[SDRAM.2C_80-bit-153] [SDRAM, 80-bit SDRAM, 80-bit]

[16.E2.80.91bit.2C_28.63636_MHz.2C_34_ns.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000290-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000293-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000296-QINU.60.22.27.7F-154] [16‑bit, 28.63636 MHz, 34 ns^[104]^[105]^[106] 16‑bit, 28.63636 MHz, 34 ns^[104]^[105]^[106]]

[32.E2.80.91bit.2C_28.63636_MHz_.282x_16-bit.29.2C_34_ns.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-0000029A-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-0000029D-QINU.60.22.27.7F-156] [32‑bit, 28.63636 MHz (2x 16-bit), 34 ns^[110]^[106] 32‑bit, 28.63636 MHz (2x 16-bit), 34 ns^[110]^[106]]

[32.E2.80.91bit_.282x_16-bit.29.2C_57.27272_MHz.2C_17_ns.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002A1-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002A4-QINU.60.22.27.7F_4_system_cycles_per_per_display_pixel.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002A5-QINU.60.22.27.7F_8_VDP2_memory_cycles_per_lo-res_display_pixel.2C_4_VDP2_memory_cycles_per_hi-res_display_pixel.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002A8-QINU.60.22.27.7F_VDP2_memory_clock_twice_as_high_as_system_clock.2C_16-bit_access_per_memory_cycle.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002AB-QINU.60.22.27.7F-157] [32‑bit (2x 16-bit), 57.27272 MHz, 17 ns,^[110]^[106] 4 system cycles per per display pixel,^[1] 8 VDP2 memory cycles per lo-res display pixel, 4 VDP2 memory cycles per hi-res display pixel,^[83] VDP2 memory clock twice as high as system clock, 16-bit access per memory cycle^[84] 32‑bit (2x 16-bit), 57.27272 MHz, 17 ns,^[110]^[106] 4 system cycles per per display pixel,^[1] 8 VDP2 memory cycles per lo-res display pixel, 4 VDP2 memory cycles per hi-res display pixel,^[83] VDP2 memory clock twice as high as system clock, 16-bit access per memory cycle^[84]]

[17_MB_textures_.284096.C3.974096_and_1024.C3.971024_texels.2C_8-bit_palettes.29_compressed_in_512_KB_VDP2_memory-158] [17 MB textures (4096×4096 and 1024×1024 texels, 8-bit palettes) compressed in 512 KB VDP2 memory 17 MB textures (4096×4096 and 1024×1024 texels, 8-bit palettes) compressed in 512 KB VDP2 memory]

[FPM_DRAM.2C_16.E2.80.91bit.2C_20.26nbsp.3BMHz.2C_50_ns_cycles.2C_70_ns_access.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002B0-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002B3-QINU.60.22.27.7F-161] [FPM DRAM, 16‑bit, 20 MHz, 50 ns cycles, 70 ns access^[111]^[112] FPM DRAM, 16‑bit, 20 MHz, 50 ns cycles, 70 ns access^[111]^[112]]

[FPM_DRAM.2C_16.E2.80.91bit.2C_20.26nbsp.3BMHz.2C_50_ns_cycles.2C_80_ns_access.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002B7-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002BA-QINU.60.22.27.7F-163] [FPM DRAM, 16‑bit, 20 MHz, 50 ns cycles, 80 ns access^[113]^[109] FPM DRAM, 16‑bit, 20 MHz, 50 ns cycles, 80 ns access^[113]^[109]]

[.5B.5Bwikipedia:Non-volatile_random-access_memory.7CNVRAM.5D.5D.2C_8.E2.80.91bit.2C_10.26nbsp.3BMHz.2C_100_ns.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002BE-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002C1-QINU.60.22.27.7F-166] NVRAM, 8‑bit, 10 MHz, 100 ns^[114]^[115]

[.5B.5Bwikipedia:Mask_ROM.7CMROM.5D.5D.2F.5B.5BEPROM.5D.5D.2C_16.E2.80.91bit.2C_10.26nbsp.3BMHz.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002C3-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002C6-QINU.60.22.27.7F-168] MROM/EPROM, 16‑bit, 10 MHz^[18]^[116]

[FPM_DRAM.2C_16-bit.2C_22.222222_MHz.2C_45_ns_cycles.2C_70_ns_access.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002D1-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002D4-QINU.60.22.27.7F-171] [FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 22.222222 MHz, 45 ns cycles, 70 ns access^[117]^[118] FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 22.222222 MHz, 45 ns cycles, 70 ns access^[117]^[118]]

[FPM_DRAM.2C_16-bit.2C_25_MHz.2C_40_ns_cycles.2C_60_ns_access.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002D8-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002D9-QINU.60.22.27.7F.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002DC-QINU.60.22.27.7F-174] [FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 25 MHz, 40 ns cycles, 60 ns access^[44]^[119]^[120] FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 25 MHz, 40 ns cycles, 60 ns access^[44]^[119]^[120]]

[2.C3.97_SDRAM.2C_2.C3.97_FPM_DRAM-175] [2× SDRAM, 2× FPM DRAM 2× SDRAM, 2× FPM DRAM]

[80-bit-176] [80-bit 80-bit]

[16-bit.2C_28.63636_MHz-177] [16-bit, 28.63636 MHz 16-bit, 28.63636 MHz]

[SDRAM.2C_16-bit.2C_28.63636_MHz-178] 58.0 ^58.1 ^58.2 [SDRAM, 16-bit, 28.63636 MHz SDRAM, 16-bit, 28.63636 MHz]

[2x_SDRAM.2C_32-bit_.282x_16-bit.29.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002F7-QINU.60.22.27.7F_57.27272_MHz_.282x_28.63636_MHz.29.2C_4_system_cycles_per_per_display_pixel.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002F8-QINU.60.22.27.7F_8_VDP2_memory_cycles_per_lo-res_display_pixel.2C_4_VDP2_memory_cycles_per_hi-res_display_pixel.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002FB-QINU.60.22.27.7F_VDP2_memory_clock_twice_as_high_as_system_clock.2C_16-bit_access_per_memory_cycle.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-000002FE-QINU.60.22.27.7F-179] [2x SDRAM, 32-bit (2x 16-bit),^[26] 57.27272 MHz (2x 28.63636 MHz), 4 system cycles per per display pixel,^[1] 8 VDP2 memory cycles per lo-res display pixel, 4 VDP2 memory cycles per hi-res display pixel,^[83] VDP2 memory clock twice as high as system clock, 16-bit access per memory cycle^[84] 2x SDRAM, 32-bit (2x 16-bit),^[26] 57.27272 MHz (2x 28.63636 MHz), 4 system cycles per per display pixel,^[1] 8 VDP2 memory cycles per lo-res display pixel, 4 VDP2 memory cycles per hi-res display pixel,^[83] VDP2 memory clock twice as high as system clock, 16-bit access per memory cycle^[84]]

[FPM_DRAM.2C_16-bit.2C_28.63636.26nbsp.3BMHz-180] 60.0 ^60.1 [FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 28.63636 MHz FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 28.63636 MHz]

[7.26nbsp.3Bbuses.2C_144-bit_bus_width-181] [7 buses, 144-bit bus width 7 buses, 144-bit bus width]

[114.54544.26nbsp.3BMB.2Fs_SDRAM.2C_88.888888.26nbsp.3BMB.2Fs_FPM_DRAM-182] [114.54544 MB/s SDRAM, 88.888888 MB/s FPM DRAM 114.54544 MB/s SDRAM, 88.888888 MB/s FPM DRAM]

[8.E2.80.91bit.2C_10.26nbsp.3BMHz-183] [8‑bit, 10 MHz 8‑bit, 10 MHz]

[SDRAM.2C_4.26nbsp.3Bbuses.2C_80-bit_bus_width.2C_28.63636.26nbsp.3BMHz-184] [SDRAM, 4 buses, 80-bit bus width, 28.63636 MHz SDRAM, 4 buses, 80-bit bus width, 28.63636 MHz]

[114.54544.26nbsp.3BMB.2Fs_framebuffers.2C_57.27272_MB.2Fs_texture_cache.2C_48-bit_bus_width-185] [114.54544 MB/s framebuffers, 57.27272 MB/s texture cache, 48-bit bus width 114.54544 MB/s framebuffers, 57.27272 MB/s texture cache, 48-bit bus width]

[32-bit_bus_width.2C_57.27272_MHz_.282x_28.63636_MHz.29.2C_4_system_cycles_per_per_display_pixel.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-00000308-QINU.60.22.27.7F_8_VDP2_memory_cycles_per_lo-res_display_pixel.2C_4_VDP2_memory_cycles_per_hi-res_display_pixel.2C.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-0000030B-QINU.60.22.27.7F_VDP2_memory_clock_twice_as_high_as_system_clock.2C_16-bit_access_per_memory_cycle.7F.27.22.60UNIQ--ref-0000030E-QINU.60.22.27.7F-186] [32-bit bus width, 57.27272 MHz (2x 28.63636 MHz), 4 system cycles per per display pixel,^[1] 8 VDP2 memory cycles per lo-res display pixel, 4 VDP2 memory cycles per hi-res display pixel,^[83] VDP2 memory clock twice as high as system clock, 16-bit access per memory cycle^[84] 32-bit bus width, 57.27272 MHz (2x 28.63636 MHz), 4 system cycles per per display pixel,^[1] 8 VDP2 memory cycles per lo-res display pixel, 4 VDP2 memory cycles per hi-res display pixel,^[83] VDP2 memory clock twice as high as system clock, 16-bit access per memory cycle^[84]]

[534.77376_megapixels.2Fsec_fillrate.2C_8-bit_palettes-187] [534.77376 megapixels/sec fillrate, 8-bit palettes 534.77376 megapixels/sec fillrate, 8-bit palettes]

[FPM_DRAM.2C_16.E2.80.91bit.2C_20.26nbsp.3BMHz-188] 68.0 ^68.1 [FPM DRAM, 16‑bit, 20 MHz FPM DRAM, 16‑bit, 20 MHz]

[114.54544.26nbsp.3BMB.2Fs_per_SH2-189] [114.54544 MB/s per SH2 114.54544 MB/s per SH2]

[32.E2.80.91bit.2C_20.26nbsp.3BMHz-190] [32‑bit, 20 MHz 32‑bit, 20 MHz]

[171.81816.26nbsp.3BMB.2Fs_for_3_buses.2C_114.54544.26nbsp.3BMB.2Fs_for_1_bus-191] [171.81816 MB/s for 3 buses, 114.54544 MB/s for 1 bus 171.81816 MB/s for 3 buses, 114.54544 MB/s for 1 bus]

[2.26nbsp.3BMB.2Fs_RAM.2C_5.26nbsp.3BMB.2Fs_ROM-192] [2 MB/s RAM, 5 MB/s ROM 2 MB/s RAM, 5 MB/s ROM]

[16.E2.80.91bit.2C_11.29.26nbsp.3BMHz-193] [16‑bit, 11.29 MHz 16‑bit, 11.29 MHz]

[24.E2.80.91bit.2C_22.58.26nbsp.3BMHz-194] [24‑bit, 22.58 MHz 24‑bit, 22.58 MHz]

[171.81816.26nbsp.3BMB.2Fs_VDP1.2C_114.54544.26nbsp.3BMB.2Fs_VDP2_color_RAM_cache-195] [171.81816 MB/s VDP1, 114.54544 MB/s VDP2 color RAM cache 171.81816 MB/s VDP1, 114.54544 MB/s VDP2 color RAM cache]

[16.E2.80.91bit.2C_10.26nbsp.3BMHz-196] [16‑bit, 10 MHz 16‑bit, 10 MHz]

[FPM_DRAM.2C_16-bit.2C_22.222222_MHz-197] [FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 22.222222 MHz FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 22.222222 MHz]

[FPM_DRAM.2C_16-bit.2C_25_MHz-198] [FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 25 MHz FPM DRAM, 16-bit, 25 MHz]

[Sega_Saturn_hardware_notes_.282004-04-27.29-1] 1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 ^1.10 ^1.11 Sega Saturn hardware notes (2004-04-27)

[:File:Hitachi_SuperH_Programming_Manual.pdf_p-2] 2.0 ^2.1 File:Hitachi SuperH Programming Manual.pdf

[:File:SH7604_Hardware_Manual.pdf_p-3] File:SH7604 Hardware Manual.pdf

[:File:SH-2A.pdf_p2-4] File:SH-2A.pdf, page 2

[.5Bhttps:.2F.2Fwww.renesas.com.2Fen-eu.2Fproducts.2Fmicrocontrollers-microprocessors.2Fsuperh.2Fsh7040.2Fsh7040.html_SH7040.2C_SH7041.2C_SH7042.2C_SH7043.2C_SH7044.2C_SH7045.5D.2C_Renesas-5] SH7040, SH7041, SH7042, SH7043, SH7044, SH7045, Renesas

[:File:Hitachi_SuperH_Programming_Manual.pdf_p390-6] File:Hitachi SuperH Programming Manual.pdf, page 390

[:File:SH7604_Hardware_Manual.pdf_p3-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 File:SH7604 Hardware Manual.pdf, page 3

[:File:SH7604_Hardware_Manual.pdf_p219-8] File:SH7604 Hardware Manual.pdf, page 219

[:File:Sega_Service_Manual_-_Sega_Saturn_.28PAL.29_-_013-1_-_June_1995.pdf_p-9] 9.00 ^9.01 ^9.02 ^9.03 ^9.04 ^9.05 ^9.06 ^9.07 ^9.08 ^9.09 ^9.10 ^9.11 ^9.12 ^9.13 File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf

[:File:SH7604_Hardware_Manual.pdf_p22-10] 10.0 ^10.1 File:SH7604 Hardware Manual.pdf, page 22

[:File:ST-103-R1-040194.pdf_p23-11] File:ST-103-R1-040194.pdf, page 23

[:File:SH7604_Hardware_Manual.pdf_p303-12] 12.0 ^12.1 File:SH7604 Hardware Manual.pdf, page 303

[:File:Hitachi_SuperH_Programming_Manual.pdf_p31-14] File:Hitachi SuperH Programming Manual.pdf, page 31

[:File:Hitachi_SuperH_Programming_Manual.pdf_p155-16] 14.0 ^14.1 File:Hitachi SuperH Programming Manual.pdf, page 155

[:File:ST-103-R1-040194.pdf_p-18] 15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 ^15.3 ^15.4 ^15.5 ^15.6 ^15.7 File:ST-103-R1-040194.pdf

[:File:ST-097-R5-072694.pdf_p-19] 16.0 ^16.1 File:ST-097-R5-072694.pdf

[:File:ST-TECH.pdf_p157-20] 17.0 ^17.1 File:ST-TECH.pdf, page 157

[.5Bhttps:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fmamedev.2Fmame.2Fblob.2Fmaster.2Fsrc.2Fmame.2Fdrivers.2Fsaturn.cpp_Sega_Saturn_.28MAME.29.5D-21] 18.0 ^18.1 ^18.2 ^18.3 ^18.4 ^18.5 ^18.6 ^18.7 Sega Saturn (MAME)

[:File:HD40491_datasheet.pdf_p-22] 19.0 ^19.1 File:HD40491 datasheet.pdf

[:File:Sega_Service_Manual_-_Sega_Saturn_.28PAL.29_-_013-1_-_June_1995.pdf_p12-23] 20.0 ^20.1 ^20.2 ^20.3 File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 12

[:File:ST-077-R2-052594.pdf_p-24] 21.0 ^21.1 File:ST-077-R2-052594.pdf

[:File:Sega_Service_Manual_-_Sega_Saturn_.28PAL.29_-_013-1_-_June_1995.pdf_p42-25] 22.0 ^22.1 File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 42

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fwww.consoledatabase.com.2Ffaq.2Fsegasaturn.2Fsegasaturnfaq.txt_Sega_Saturn_FAQ_.28January_8.2C_2000.29.5D-26] 23.0 ^23.1 Sega Saturn FAQ (January 8, 2000)

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fwww.drolez.com.2Fretro.2F_Obsolete_Microprocessors.5D-27] Obsolete Microprocessors

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p-28] 25.0 ^25.1 ^25.2 ^25.3 ^25.4 File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf

[:File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf_p-29] 26.0 ^26.1 ^26.2 File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p52-30] 27.0 ^27.1 ^27.2 ^27.3 ^27.4 ^27.5 ^27.6 ^27.7 File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 52

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p64-31] 28.0 ^28.1 ^28.2 ^28.3 File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 64

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p6-32] 29.0 ^29.1 File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 6

[:File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf_p24-33] 30.0 ^30.1 ^30.2 File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 24

[.5Bhttps:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fmamedev.2Fmame.2Fblob.2Fmaster.2Fsrc.2Fdevices.2Fvideo.2Fstvvdp2.cpp_STV_VDP2_.28MAME.29.5D-34] 31.0 ^31.1 ^31.2 STV VDP2 (MAME)

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p18-35] 32.0 ^32.1 File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 18

[.5Bhttps:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fmamedev.2Fmame.2Fblob.2Fmaster.2Fsrc.2Fdevices.2Fvideo.2Fstvvdp1.cpp_STV_VDP1_.28MAME.29.5D-36] 33.0 ^33.1 ^33.2 ^33.3 STV VDP1 (MAME)

[:File:NextGeneration_US_24.pdf_p64-37] 34.0 ^34.1 ^34.2 ^34.3 ^34.4 ^34.5 ^34.6 Next Generation, "December 1996" (US; 1996-11-19), page 64

[:File:SH7604_Hardware_Manual.pdf_p51-39] 35.0 ^35.1 ^35.2 File:SH7604 Hardware Manual.pdf, page 51

[:File:Hitachi_SuperH_Programming_Manual.pdf_p308-40] 36.0 ^36.1 ^36.2 File:Hitachi SuperH Programming Manual.pdf, page 308

[:File:SH7604_Hardware_Manual.pdf_p36-43] File:SH7604 Hardware Manual.pdf, page 36

[:File:ST-240-A-SP1-052295.pdf_p8-47] 38.0 ^38.1 File:ST-240-A-SP1-052295.pdf, page 8

[.5Bhttps:.2F.2Fbooks.google.co.uk.2Fbooks.3Fid.3DiAvHt5RCHbMC.26pg.3DPA97_.27.27Design_of_Digital_Systems_and_Devices.27.27_.28page_97.29.5D-48] 39.0 ^39.1 Design of Digital Systems and Devices (page 97)

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fwww.cs.virginia.edu.2F.7Egfx.2FCourses.2F2012.2FIntroGraphics.2Flectures.2F13-Pipeline.pdf.23page.3D50_3D_Polygon_Rendering_Pipeline_.28page_50.29.5D-49] 3D Polygon Rendering Pipeline (page 50)

[:File:ST-237-R1-051795.pdf_p51-51] File:ST-237-R1-051795.pdf, page 51

[.5Bhttps:.2F.2Fbooks.google.co.uk.2Fbooks.3Fid.3DiAvHt5RCHbMC.26pg.3DPA95_.27.27Design_of_Digital_Systems_and_Devices.27.27_.28page_95.29.5D-53] Design of Digital Systems and Devices (page 95)

[.27.27.5B.5BSega_DTS_Saturn_official_documentation.7CSega_DTS.5D.5D.27.27.2C_March_1996.2C_DSP_Demo-54] 43.0 ^43.1 [Sega DTS, March 1996, DSP Demo Sega DTS, March 1996, DSP Demo]

[:File:13-APR-94.pdf_p8-57] 44.0 ^44.1 ^44.2 ^44.3 File:13-APR-94.pdf, page 8

[:File:Sega_Service_Manual_-_Sega_Saturn_.28PAL.29_-_013-1_-_June_1995.pdf_p14-58] 45.0 ^45.1 File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 14

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p40-59] 46.0 ^46.1 ^46.2 File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 40

[:File:ST-103-R1-040194.pdf_p17-64] File:ST-103-R1-040194.pdf, page 17

[:File:ST-097-R5-072694.pdf_p93-65] 48.0 ^48.1 File:ST-097-R5-072694.pdf, page 93

[:File:ST-TECH.pdf_p149-66] 49.0 ^49.1 ^49.2 File:ST-TECH.pdf, page 149

[:File:ST-TECH.pdf_p152-67] File:ST-TECH.pdf, page 152

[:File:ST-103-R1-040194.pdf_p25-68] File:ST-103-R1-040194.pdf, page 25

[:File:ST-TECH.pdf_p163-69] File:ST-TECH.pdf, page 163

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fwww.racketboy.com.2Fretro.2Fsega.2Fsaturn.2Fthe-state-of-sega-saturn-homebrew_The_State_of_Sega_Saturn_Homebrew.5D-70] The State of Sega Saturn Homebrew

[.5Bhttps:.2F.2Ffarm6.staticflickr.com.2F5628.2F23262355633_f3b5b12bb0_b.jpg_Pure_Entertainment_Interview.5D-71] 54.0 ^54.1 Pure Entertainment Interview

[:File:Sega_Service_Manual_-_Sega_Saturn_.28PAL.29_-_013-1_-_June_1995.pdf_p34-72] File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 34

[:File:TUTORIAL.pdf_p11-75] File:TUTORIAL.pdf, page 11

[:File:ST-TECH.pdf_p147-76] 57.0 ^57.1 ^57.2 File:ST-TECH.pdf, page 147

[:File:ST-TECH.pdf_p135-77] File:ST-TECH.pdf, page 135

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p34-78] File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 34

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p110-79] 60.0 ^60.1 ^60.2 ^60.3 File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 110

[:File:ST-238-R1-051795.pdf_p-80] File:ST-238-R1-051795.pdf

[:File:ST-238-R1-051795.pdf_p232-81] 62.0 ^62.1 File:ST-238-R1-051795.pdf, page 232

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p41-82] 63.0 ^63.1 File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 41

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p24-83] File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 24

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fwww.shinforce.com.2Fsaturn.2Finformation.2F3D-Capabilities.htm_Sega_Saturn_3D_Capabilities.5D-84] Sega Saturn 3D Capabilities

[:File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf_p177-85] 66.0 ^66.1 File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 177

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p149-86] File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 149

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fwww.sega-saturn.com.2Fsaturn.2Fother.2Fsatspecs.htm_Sega_Saturn_Tech_Specs.5D-87] Sega Saturn Tech Specs

[Sega_System_24_Hardware_Notes_.282013-06-16.29-88] Sega System 24 Hardware Notes (2013-06-16)

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p119-89] File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 119

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p29-90] File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 29

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p81-91] File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 81

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p75-92] 73.0 ^73.1 File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 75

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p39-93] File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 39

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p35-94] File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 35

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p65-96] File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 65

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p61-97] File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 61

[:File:TUTORIAL.pdf_p15-99] 78.0 ^78.1 ^78.2 ^78.3 File:TUTORIAL.pdf, page 15

[:File:TUTORIAL.pdf_p8-100] 79.0 ^79.1 ^79.2 ^79.3 ^79.4 ^79.5 ^79.6 File:TUTORIAL.pdf, page 8

[Saturn_VDP1_hardware_notes_.282003-05-17.29-101] 80.0 ^80.1 ^80.2 ^80.3 ^80.4 Saturn VDP1 hardware notes (2003-05-17)

[:File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf_p44-104] File:ST-013-R3-061694.pdf, page 44

[:File:SegaVisions_US_24.pdf_p14-108] 82.0 ^82.1 Sega Visions, "May 1995" (US; 1995-xx-xx), page 14

[:File:ST-TECH.pdf_p142-113] 83.0 ^83.1 ^83.2 ^83.3 ^83.4 ^83.5 ^83.6 ^83.7 ^83.8 File:ST-TECH.pdf, page 142

[:File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf_p162-114] 84.0 ^84.1 ^84.2 ^84.3 File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 162

[:File:Sega_Service_Manual_-_Sega_Saturn_.28PAL.29_-_013-1_-_June_1995.pdf_p38-116] 85.0 ^85.1 File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 38

[:File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf_p163-117] File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 163

[Sonic_R-118] Sonic R

[:File:TUTORIAL.pdf_p223-119] 88.0 ^88.1 ^88.2 File:TUTORIAL.pdf, page 223

[:File:ST-TECH.pdf_p165-120] 89.0 ^89.1 ^89.2 ^89.3 File:ST-TECH.pdf, page 165

[.27.27.5B.5BMass_Destruction.5D.5D.27.27.2C_.5Bhttps:.2F.2Fwww.youtube.com.2Fwatch.3Fv.3DsNL07BtCWUw_developer_note.5D-121] 90.0 ^90.1 [Mass Destruction, developer note Mass Destruction, developer note]

[.27.27.5B.5BSega_DTS_Saturn_official_documentation.7CSega_DTS.5D.5D.27.27.2C_March_1996.2C_Coefficient_Table_Madness_Demo-122] 91.0 ^91.1 [Sega DTS, March 1996, Coefficient Table Madness Demo Sega DTS, March 1996, Coefficient Table Madness Demo]

[:File:Edge_UK_030.pdf_p99-123] Edge, "March 1996" (UK; 1996-02-09), page 99

[:File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf_p132-124] 93.0 ^93.1 ^93.2 File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 132

[:File:13-APR-94.pdf_p12-125] 94.0 ^94.1 File:13-APR-94.pdf, page 12

[.27.27.5B.5BSega_DTS_Saturn_official_documentation.7CSega_DTS.5D.5D.27.27.2C_March_1996.2C_Dual_Rotating_Background_Demos-126] [Sega DTS, March 1996, Dual Rotating Background Demos Sega DTS, March 1996, Dual Rotating Background Demos]

[:File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf_p23-127] File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 23

[:File:13-APR-94.pdf_p28-128] File:13-APR-94.pdf, page 28

[:File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf_p54-129] File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 54

[:File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf_p79-130] File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 79

[:File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf_p360-131] File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 360

[:File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf_p49-132] 101.0 ^101.1 ^101.2 ^101.3 ^101.4 File:ST-058-R2-060194.pdf, page 49

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fforums.sonicretro.org.2F.3Fshowtopic.3D30680.26st.3D60_Sega_Saturn_interesting_finds.5D-138] Sega Saturn interesting finds

[:File:ST-103-R1-040194.pdf_p39-143] File:ST-103-R1-040194.pdf, page 39

[:File:Sega_Service_Manual_-_Sega_Saturn_.28PAL.29_-_013-1_-_June_1995.pdf_p26-145] 104.0 ^104.1 File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 26

[:File:HM5241605_datasheet.pdf_p-146] 105.0 ^105.1 File:HM5241605 datasheet.pdf

[:File:UPD4504161_datasheet.pdf_p-147] 106.0 ^106.1 ^106.2 ^106.3 File:UPD4504161 datasheet.pdf

[:File:Sega_Service_Manual_-_Sega_Saturn_.28PAL.29_-_013-1_-_June_1995.pdf_p51-149] File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 51

[:File:TC514260B_datasheet.pdf_p-150] File:TC514260B datasheet.pdf

[:File:HM514260_datasheet.pdf_p-151] 109.0 ^109.1 File:HM514260 datasheet.pdf

[:File:Sega_Service_Manual_-_Sega_Saturn_.28PAL.29_-_013-1_-_June_1995.pdf_p37-155] 110.0 ^110.1 File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 37

[:File:Sega_Service_Manual_-_Sega_Saturn_.28PAL.29_-_013-1_-_June_1995.pdf_p46-159] File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 46

[:File:HM514270D_datasheet.pdf_p-160] File:HM514270D datasheet.pdf

[:File:Sega_Service_Manual_-_Sega_Saturn_.28PAL.29_-_013-1_-_June_1995.pdf_p55-162] File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 55

[:File:Sega_Service_Manual_-_Sega_Saturn_.28PAL.29_-_013-1_-_June_1995.pdf_p32-164] File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf, page 32

[:File:SRM20256L_datasheet.pdf_p-165] File:SRM20256L datasheet.pdf

[:File:TC574200D_datasheet.pdf_p-167] File:TC574200D datasheet.pdf

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fgreen.ap.teacup.com.2Fjunker.2F18.html_.E3.80.8C.E3.82.BB.E3.82.AC.E3.82.B5.E3.82.BF.E3.83.BC.E3.83.B3.E6.8B.A1.E5.BC.B5RAM.E3.82.AB.E3.83.BC.E3.83.88.E3.83.AA.E3.83.83.E3.82.B8.E3.80.80.E5.9B.9E.E8.B7.AF.E5.9B.B3.E3.80.8D.5D-169] 「セガサターン拡張RAMカートリッジ　回路図」

[:File:HM514260C_datasheet.pdf_p-170] File:HM514260C datasheet.pdf

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Fwww.smspower.org.2Fforums.2F12918-SegaSaturnMemoryCartridgeInterface_Sega_Saturn_Memory_Cartridge_Interface.5D-172] Sega Saturn Memory Cartridge Interface

[:File:KM48C2100A_datasheet.pdf_p-173] File:KM48C2100A datasheet.pdf

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[fn 1]

[fn 2]

[fn 3]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[fn 4]

[fn 5]

[fn 6]

[fn 7]

[fn 8]

[fn 9]

[fn 10]

[fn 11]

[fn 12]

[fn 13]

[fn 14]

[fn 15]

[fn 16]

[fn 17]

[47]

[48]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

[54]

[55]

[fn 18]

[fn 19]

[56]

[57]

[58]

[59]

[60]

[61]

[62]

[63]

[64]

[65]

[66]

[67]

[68]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[46]

[73]

[74]

[fn 20]

[fn 21]

[fn 22]

[fn 23]

[fn 24]

[fn 25]

[fn 26]

[82]

[fn 27]

[80]

[fn 28]

[fn 29]

[fn 30]

[fn 31]

[85]

[86]

[87]

[88]

[89]

[90]