Difference between revisions of "Sega Model 2"

From Sega Retro
Line 11: Line 11:
 
| internal_games=
 
| internal_games=
 
| releases={{releases
 
| releases={{releases
−
| arcade_date_world=1994
+
| arcade_date_japan=1993
 +
| arcade_date_world=1994 }}
 
}}
 
}}
−
}}
+
The '''Sega Model 2''' is an arcade system board originally debuted by Sega in 1993 as a successor to the [[Sega Model 1]] board. It is an extension of the Model 1 hardware, most notably introducing the concept of texture-mapped polygons, allowing for more realistic 3D graphics (for its time). The Model 2 board was an important milestone for the arcade industry, and helped launch several key arcade franchises of the 90s, including ''[[Daytona USA]]'', ''[[Virtua Cop]]'', ''[[Sega Rally Championship]]'', ''[[Dead or Alive]]'', ''[[Virtua Striker]]'', ''[[Cyber Troopers Virtual-On]]'' and ''[[The House of the Dead]]''.
−
The '''Sega Model 2''' is an arcade system board originally released by Sega in early 1994 as a successor to the [[Sega Model 1]] board. It is an extension of the Model 1 hardware, most notably introducing the concept of texture-mapped polygons, allowing for more realistic 3D graphics (for its time). The Model 2 board was an important milestone for the arcade industry, and helped launch several key arcade franchises of the 90s, including ''[[Daytona USA]]'', ''[[Virtua Cop]]'', ''[[Sega Rally Championship]]'', ''[[Dead or Alive]]'', ''[[Virtua Striker]]'', ''[[Cyber Troopers Virtual-On]]'' and ''[[The House of the Dead]]''.
 
  
−
Like the Model 1, the Model 2 was engineered with help from GE Aerospace (acquired by Martin Marietta in 1993, now part of [[Lockheed Martin]]), who designed the texture-mapping technology the Model 2 is most known for. Famed Model 2 designer [[Yu Suzuki]] has suggested on record that Martin Marietta should have made the entire board. The Model 2 arcade board debuted along with ''Daytona USA'', a game which was actually finished (and copyrighted) in 1993.
+
The Model 2 was engineered with help from GE Aerospace (acquired by Martin Marietta in 1993, now part of [[Lockheed Martin]]), who designed the texture-mapping technology incorporated by the Model 2. The Model 2's development was led by famed game designer [[Yu Suzuki]]. The Model 2 arcade board debuted along with ''[[Daytona USA]]'', a game which was finished, copyrighted and debuted at the JAMMA arcade show in 1993.{{ref|http://static.giantbomb.com/uploads/original/13/139866/2721164-electronic_gaming_monthly_051_-_1993_oct_222.jpg}}
  
 
There four versions of the system: the original Model 2 and the Model 2A-CRX, Model 2B-CRX and Model 2C-CRX variants. Model 2 and 2A-CRX used a custom DSP with internal code for the geometrizer while 2B-CRX and 2C-CRX used well documented DSPs and uploaded the geometrizer code at startup to the DSP.  
 
There four versions of the system: the original Model 2 and the Model 2A-CRX, Model 2B-CRX and Model 2C-CRX variants. Model 2 and 2A-CRX used a custom DSP with internal code for the geometrizer while 2B-CRX and 2C-CRX used well documented DSPs and uploaded the geometrizer code at startup to the DSP.  
 +
 +
==Hardware==
 +
It was a further advancement of the earlier Model 1 system. The most noticeable improvement was [[texture mapping]], which enabled [[Polygon (computer graphics)|polygons]] to be painted with bitmap images, as opposed to the limited monotone [[flat shading]] that Model 1 supported. The Model 2 also introduced the use of [[texture filtering]] and [[Spatial anti-aliasing|texture anti-aliasing]],{{ref|http://ign.com/articles/2009/04/21/ign-presents-the-history-of-sega}} as well as [[trilinear filtering]].{{ref|http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html}} It was the most powerful game system in its time, equivalent to the power of a [[PC]] [[graphics card]] in 1998, five years after the Model 2's release.{{ref|http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html}}
 +
 +
Designed by [[Sega AM2]]'s [[Yu Suzuki]], he stated that the Model 2's texture mapping chip originated "from military equipment from [[Lockheed Martin]], which was formerly General Electric Aerial & Space's textural mapping technology. It cost [[United States dollar|$]]2 million dollars to use the chip. It was part of flight-simulation equipment that cost $32 million. I asked how much it would cost to buy just the chip and they came back with $2 million. And I had to take that chip and convert it for video game use, and make the technology available for the consumer at 5,000 [[Japanese yen|yen]] ($50)" ($84 in 2014) per machine. He said "it was tough but we were able to make it for 5,000 yen. Nobody at Sega believed me when I said I wanted to purchase this technology for our games."{{ref|http://web.archive.org/web/20131113174154/http://www.1up.com/features/disappearance-suzuki-part-1}} Suzuki stated that, in "the end," it "was a hit and the industry gained mass-produced texture-mapping as a result." For ''[[Virtua Fighter 2]]'', he also utilized [[motion capture]] technology, introducing it to the game industry.{{ref|http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/228512/Yu_Suzuki_recalls_using_military_tech_to_make_Virtua_Fighter_2.php}}
 +
 +
There were also issues working on the new CPU,{{ref|http://web.archive.org/web/20131113174154/http://www.1up.com/features/disappearance-suzuki-part-1}} the [[Intel i960|Intel i960-KB]], which had just released in 1993.{{ref|http://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheet/Intel/mXqwttu.pdf}} Suzuki stated that when working "on a brand new CPU, the debugger doesn't exist yet. The latest hardware doesn't work because it's full of bugs. And even if a debugger exists, the debugger itself is full of bugs. So, I had to debug the debugger. And of course with new hardware there's no library or system, so I had to create all of that, as well. It was a brutal cycle."{{ref|http://web.archive.org/web/20131113174154/http://www.1up.com/features/disappearance-suzuki-part-1}}
 +
 +
Despite its high price tag of around $15,000{{ref|http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html}} (equivalent to $24489 in 2014), the Model 2 platform was very successful. It featured some of the highest grossing arcade games of all time: ''[[Daytona USA (arcade game)|Daytona USA]]'',{{ref|http://www.system16.com}} ''[[Virtua Fighter 2]]'', ''[[Cyber Troopers Virtual-On: Operation Moongate|Cyber Troopers Virtual-On]]'', ''[[The House of the Dead (arcade game)|The House of the Dead]]'', and ''[[Dead or Alive (video game)|Dead or Alive]]'', to name a few. Sega sold 65,000 units of the Model 2 annually,{{ref|http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html}} and eventually sold over 130,000 units by 1996, amounting to over $1.95 billion revenue from hardware cabinet sales (130,000 units{{ref|http://archive.today/XN3rz}}{{ref|http://tinyurl.com/nyb7y3s}} at $15,000 each{{ref|http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html}}{{ref|http://www.assemblergames.com/forums/showthread.php?47028-Early-concept-of-Daytona-USA-at-Summer-CES-1993-Not-on-Model-2-but-Compu-Scene}}), equivalent to over $3.18 billion in 2014, making it one of the [[Arcade game#Best-selling arcade video game franchises|best-selling arcade systems]] of all time.
 +
 +
Model 2 has four different varieties: Model 2 (1993),{{ref|http://www.system16.com}} Model 2A-CRX{{ref|http://www.system16.com}} (1994),{{ref|http://www.arcade-history.com}} Model 2B-CRX{{ref|http://www.system16.com}} (1994){{ref|http://mamereviews.hubmed.org/game/vstrikro}} and Model 2C-CRX (1996).{{ref|http://www.system16.com}} While Model 2 and 2A-CRX use a custom [[Digital signal processor|DSP]] with internal code for the [[Geometry pipelines|geometrizer]], 2B-CRX and 2C-CRX use well documented DSPs and upload the geometrizer code at startup to the DSP. This, combined with the fact that some games were available for both 2A-CRX and 2B-CRX, led to the reverse engineering of the Model 2 and Model 2A-CRX DSPs.
 +
 +
==Technical Specifications==
 +
;Main [[Central processing unit|CPU]] (central processing unit)
 +
 +
*Main CPU: [[Intel i960|Intel i960-KB]] @ 25 MHz
 +
** [[Fixed-point arithmetic]]: [[32-bit]] [[Reduced instruction set computing|RISC]] [[Instruction set|instructions]] @ 25 [[Instructions per second|MIPS]] (million instructions per second){{ref|http://datasheets.chipdb.org/Intel/80960/PRODBREF/27223303.PDF}}
 +
** [[Floating-point unit]]: [[Double-precision floating-point format|32-bit]], [[Double-precision floating-point format|64-bit]] and [[Extended precision|80-bit]] operations @ 13.6 MFLOPS ([[Mega-]][[FLOPS]], or million [[Floating point|floating-point]] operations per second) ([[Whetstone (benchmark)|Whetstone]]){{ref|http://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheet/Intel/mXqwttu.pdf}}
 +
 +
;[[Graphics processing unit|GPU]] (graphics processing unit) [[Video card|video]] [[Graphics pipeline|hardware]]
 +
 +
* [[Geometry pipelines|Geometry Engine]]{{ref|http://web.archive.org/web/20130104200822/http://mamedev.org/source/src/mame/video/model2.c.html}} [[Digital signal processor|DSP]] [[coprocessor]]s: 6× [[Fujitsu]] TGP MB86234 (Model 2/2A-CRX),{{ref|http://members.iinet.net.au/~lantra9jp1/gurudumps/m2status/index.html}} or 2× [[Analog Devices]] ADSP-21062 [[Super Harvard Architecture Single-Chip Computer|SHARC]] (Model 2B-CRX), or 2× Fujitsu [[Rendition (company)#Vérité V2x00|TGPx4]] MB86235 (Model 2C-CRX){{ref|http://members.iinet.net.au/~lantra9jp1/gurudumps/m2status/index.html}}
 +
** Coprocessor abilities: [[Decimal floating point|Floating decimal point]] operation function, axis rotation operation function, [[3D computer graphics|3D]] [[Matrix (mathematics)|matrix operation]] function
 +
** Floating-point unit:
 +
*** Model 2/2A-CRX: [[Single-precision floating-point format|32-bit operations]] @ 16 [[FLOPS|MFLOPS]]{{ref|http://www.system16.com}} ×6 (96 MFLOPS)
 +
*** Model 2B/2C-CRX: 32-bit & [[Extended precision|40-bit]] operations @ 120 MFLOPS{{ref|http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/data_sheets/ADSP-21060_21060L_21062_21062L_21060C_21060LC.pdf}} ×2 (240 MFLOPS)
 +
** Fixed-point arithmetic: 32-bit & [[48-bit]] instructions @ 80 MIPS (Model 2B-CRX){{ref|http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/data_sheets/ADSP-21060_21060L_21062_21062L_21060C_21060LC.pdf}}
 +
* [[Render output unit|Hardware Renderer]]:{{ref|http://web.archive.org/web/20130104200822/http://mamedev.org/source/src/mame/video/model2.c.html}} Sega-[[Lockheed Martin|Lockheed-Martin]] Custom [[rasterization]]{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/drivers/model2.c}} & [[texture mapping]] hardware (Model 2),{{ref|http://web.archive.org/web/20131113174154/http://www.1up.com/features/disappearance-suzuki-part-1}} or 2× Fujitsu MB86271 AGP (Model 2C-CRX){{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}}
 +
** Fixed-point arithmetic: 32-bit & [[64-bit computing|64-bit]] instructions @ 240 MIPS (Model 2C-CRX){{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}}
 +
* [[Z-buffering|Z-Sort]] & [[Clipping (computer graphics)|Clip]] [[Transform, clipping, and lighting|Hardware]]{{ref|http://web.archive.org/web/20130104200822/http://mamedev.org/source/src/mame/video/model2.c.html}} (2× Fujitsu MB86272 Z-sorter in Model 2C-CRX){{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}}
 +
* [[Sega System 24]] [[Tile engine|tilemap engine]]{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/drivers/model2.c}}
 +
 +
;[[Sound card|Audio hardware]]
 +
* Sound CPU: [[Motorola 68000]] @ 10 MHz (Model 2), or Motorola 68000 @ 12 MHz (Model 2A/2B/2C-CRX)
 +
* [[Sound chip]]: 2× Sega 315-5560 Custom MultiPCM (Model 2), or [[Yamaha YMF292|Yamaha SCSP]] (Model 2A/2B/2C-CRX)
 +
* Sound timer: [[Yamaha Corporation|Yamaha]] YM3834 @ 8 MHz (Model 2 only)
 +
* [[Pulse-code modulation|PCM]] channels: 56{{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
 +
* PCM sample [[Read-only memory|ROM]]: 16 [[Mebibit|Mbits]] (Model 2),{{ref|http://www.system16.com}} or 68 Mbits (Model 2A/2B/2C-CRX){{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
 +
* PCM quality: 16-bit [[Audio bit depth|depth]],{{ref|http://koti.kapsi.fi/~antime/sega/files/ST-077-R2-052594.pdf}} [[44,100 Hz|44.1 kHz]] [[sampling rate]] ([[Compact disc|CD]] [[Sound quality|quality]]){{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
 +
* SCSP features: 128-step DSP, 32 [[Frequency modulation synthesis|FM synthesis]] channels, 32 [[MIDI]] channels, 32 [[Low-frequency oscillation|LFO]] channels{{ref|http://koti.kapsi.fi/~antime/sega/files/ST-077-R2-052594.pdf}}
 +
 +
;[[Random-access memory|RAM]] (random access memory)
 +
 +
Total RAM: 9776 KB (Model 2/2A-CRX), or 18,388 KB (Model 2B/2C-CRX)
 +
* Main RAM: 1152 KB (9 Mbits){{ref|http://www.system16.com}} (1024 KB work, 64 KB network, 64 KB serial){{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/drivers/model2.c}}
 +
* [[Video memory]]: 5984 KB (Model 2/2A-CRX), or 14,596 KB (Model 2B/2C-CRX)
 +
** [[Framebuffer]] [[VRAM]]:{{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}} 1024 KB (Model 2/2A-CRX), or 1536 KB (Model 2B/2C-CRX){{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/drivers/model2.c}}
 +
** Coprocessor [[Data buffer|buffer]]{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/drivers/model2.c}} [[Static random-access memory|SRAM]]/[[Synchronous dynamic random-access memory|SDRAM]]:{{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}} 64 KB (Model 2/2A-CRX), or 8228 KB (Model 2B/2C-CRX){{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/drivers/model2.c}}
 +
** [[Texture memory]]: 4096 KB{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/drivers/model2.c}} SRAM/SDRAM{{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}}
 +
** [[Luma (video)|Luma]]: 128 KB (Model 2/2A-CRX), or 64 KB (Model 2B/2C-CRX){{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/drivers/model2.c}}
 +
** Other: 672 KB (32 KB [[Digital geometry|geometry]], 576 KB [[Tiled rendering|tiles]], 64 KB colors){{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/drivers/model2.c}}
 +
* Audio memory: 576 KB{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/drivers/model2.c}}
 +
* Backup SRAM/[[Non-volatile random-access memory|NVRAM]]: 16 KB{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/drivers/model2.c}}
 +
* Extra RAM: 2048 KB{{ref|https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/drivers/model2.c}}
 +
 +
;Graphical capabilities
 +
 +
* Monitor [[display resolution]]: 496×384 pixels, 24 Hz [[Horizontal scan rate|horizontal sync]], 60 Hz [[refresh rate]], [[progressive scan]] (non-interlaced){{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
 +
* [[Color depth]]: 16,777,216 ([[List of monochrome and RGB palettes#24-bit RGB|24-bit]] [[true Color|true color]]){{ref|http://www.system16.com}}{{ref|http://www.gamezero.com/team-0/whats_new/past/news9504.html}}{{ref|http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/MAG/vol33-2/paper08.pdf}}
 +
* Graphical features: [[Flat shading]], [[texture mapping]], [[Texture mapping#Perspective correctness|perspective correction]], [[texture filtering]], [[Spatial anti-aliasing|texture anti-aliasing]], [[microtexture]], [[diffuse reflection]], [[specular reflection]], [[alpha blending]], [[transparency (graphic)|transparency]],{{ref|http://www.system16.com}} [[rasterization]], [[mipmap]]ping, [[level of detail]],{{ref|http://web.archive.org/web/20130104200822/http://mamedev.org/source/src/mame/video/model2.c.html}} [[Z-buffering|z-sorting]], [[Transform, clipping, and lighting|T&L (transform, clipping, and lighting)]],{{ref|http://web.archive.org/web/20130104200822/http://mamedev.org/source/src/mame/video/model2.c.html}}{{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}} [[trilinear filtering]]{{ref|http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html}}
 +
** [[Texture mapping|Texture map]] resolution: Up to 1024×2048 pixels{{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
 +
** [[Microtexture]] size: Up to 128×128 pixels
 +
** Model 2C-CRX: [[Gouraud shading]], [[Hidden surface determination|hidden surface]], [[z-buffering]],{{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}} [[Nearest-neighbor interpolation|point sampling]], [[bilinear filtering]]{{ref|http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/MAG/vol33-2/paper08.pdf}}
 +
* [[Frame rate]]: 60 frames/sec{{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
 +
* [[Digital geometry|Geometric]] performance:
 +
** Model 2: 300,000 textured [[Polygon mesh|quad polygons]]/sec{{ref|http://www.system16.com}} to over 500,000 textured [[Triangle mesh|triangle polygons]]/sec,{{ref|http://www.gamezero.com/team-0/whats_new/past/news9504.html}} 900,000 [[Vector graphics|vectors]]/sec{{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
 +
** Model 2C-CRX: 490,000 textured [[Polygon (computer graphics)|polygons]]/sec (with [[Transform, clipping, and lighting|clipping, lighting]] and Gouraud shading){{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}} to 900,000 textured triangle polygons/sec (with Gouraud shading){{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}}
 +
* Rendering [[fillrate]]:
 +
** [[Pixel]] fillrate: 1.2 million pixels/sec (Model 2){{ref|http://www.system16.com}} to 120 million pixels/sec (2 million pixels/frame) (Model 2B-CRX/2C-CRX){{ref|http://www.system16.com}}{{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
 +
** [[Texture mapping|Texture]] fillrate: 36 million [[Texel (graphics)|texels]]/sec (500 pixels/polygon) (Model 2C-CRX){{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}}
  
 
==List of Games==
 
==List of Games==

Revision as of 02:13, 21 February 2015

Model2 cpu.jpg
Sega Model 2
Manufacturer: Sega
Release Date RRP Code

The Sega Model 2 is an arcade system board originally debuted by Sega in 1993 as a successor to the Sega Model 1 board. It is an extension of the Model 1 hardware, most notably introducing the concept of texture-mapped polygons, allowing for more realistic 3D graphics (for its time). The Model 2 board was an important milestone for the arcade industry, and helped launch several key arcade franchises of the 90s, including Daytona USA, Virtua Cop, Sega Rally Championship, Dead or Alive, Virtua Striker, Cyber Troopers Virtual-On and The House of the Dead.

The Model 2 was engineered with help from GE Aerospace (acquired by Martin Marietta in 1993, now part of Lockheed Martin), who designed the texture-mapping technology incorporated by the Model 2. The Model 2's development was led by famed game designer Yu Suzuki. The Model 2 arcade board debuted along with Daytona USA, a game which was finished, copyrighted and debuted at the JAMMA arcade show in 1993.[1]

There four versions of the system: the original Model 2 and the Model 2A-CRX, Model 2B-CRX and Model 2C-CRX variants. Model 2 and 2A-CRX used a custom DSP with internal code for the geometrizer while 2B-CRX and 2C-CRX used well documented DSPs and uploaded the geometrizer code at startup to the DSP.

Hardware

It was a further advancement of the earlier Model 1 system. The most noticeable improvement was texture mapping, which enabled polygons to be painted with bitmap images, as opposed to the limited monotone flat shading that Model 1 supported. The Model 2 also introduced the use of texture filtering and texture anti-aliasing,[2] as well as trilinear filtering.[3] It was the most powerful game system in its time, equivalent to the power of a PC graphics card in 1998, five years after the Model 2's release.[3]

Designed by Sega AM2's Yu Suzuki, he stated that the Model 2's texture mapping chip originated "from military equipment from Lockheed Martin, which was formerly General Electric Aerial & Space's textural mapping technology. It cost $2 million dollars to use the chip. It was part of flight-simulation equipment that cost $32 million. I asked how much it would cost to buy just the chip and they came back with $2 million. And I had to take that chip and convert it for video game use, and make the technology available for the consumer at 5,000 yen ($50)" ($84 in 2014) per machine. He said "it was tough but we were able to make it for 5,000 yen. Nobody at Sega believed me when I said I wanted to purchase this technology for our games."[4] Suzuki stated that, in "the end," it "was a hit and the industry gained mass-produced texture-mapping as a result." For Virtua Fighter 2, he also utilized motion capture technology, introducing it to the game industry.[5]

There were also issues working on the new CPU,[4] the Intel i960-KB, which had just released in 1993.[6] Suzuki stated that when working "on a brand new CPU, the debugger doesn't exist yet. The latest hardware doesn't work because it's full of bugs. And even if a debugger exists, the debugger itself is full of bugs. So, I had to debug the debugger. And of course with new hardware there's no library or system, so I had to create all of that, as well. It was a brutal cycle."[4]

Despite its high price tag of around $15,000[3] (equivalent to $24489 in 2014), the Model 2 platform was very successful. It featured some of the highest grossing arcade games of all time: Daytona USA,[7] Virtua Fighter 2, Cyber Troopers Virtual-On, The House of the Dead, and Dead or Alive, to name a few. Sega sold 65,000 units of the Model 2 annually,[3] and eventually sold over 130,000 units by 1996, amounting to over $1.95 billion revenue from hardware cabinet sales (130,000 units[8][9] at $15,000 each[3][10]), equivalent to over $3.18 billion in 2014, making it one of the best-selling arcade systems of all time.

Model 2 has four different varieties: Model 2 (1993),[7] Model 2A-CRX[7] (1994),[11] Model 2B-CRX[7] (1994)[12] and Model 2C-CRX (1996).[7] While Model 2 and 2A-CRX use a custom DSP with internal code for the geometrizer, 2B-CRX and 2C-CRX use well documented DSPs and upload the geometrizer code at startup to the DSP. This, combined with the fact that some games were available for both 2A-CRX and 2B-CRX, led to the reverse engineering of the Model 2 and Model 2A-CRX DSPs.

Technical Specifications

Main CPU (central processing unit)
GPU (graphics processing unit) video hardware
Audio hardware
RAM (random access memory)

Total RAM: 9776 KB (Model 2/2A-CRX), or 18,388 KB (Model 2B/2C-CRX)

Graphical capabilities

List of Games

2A-CRX

2B-CRX games

2C-CRX

Other

Gallery

  • CPU

  • Video PCB

  • A typical ROM (Virtua Cop)

  • Model 2A CPU

  • Model 2A video PCB

  • Model 2A ROM (Dead or Alive)

  • Model 2B CPU/Video PCB

  • Model 2B filter PCB

  • Model 2B communications PCB

  • A Model 2B ROM

  • Model 2C PCB


Sega arcade boards
Originating in arcades








  1. ↑ http://static.giantbomb.com/uploads/original/13/139866/2721164-electronic_gaming_monthly_051_-_1993_oct_222.jpg
  2. ↑ http://ign.com/articles/2009/04/21/ign-presents-the-history-of-sega
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 http://www.1up.com/features/disappearance-suzuki-part-1 (Wayback Machine: 2013-11-13 17:41)
  5. ↑ http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/228512/Yu_Suzuki_recalls_using_military_tech_to_make_Virtua_Fighter_2.php
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 http://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheet/Intel/mXqwttu.pdf
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 http://www.system16.com
  8. ↑ http://archive.today/XN3rz
  9. ↑ http://tinyurl.com/nyb7y3s
  10. ↑ http://www.assemblergames.com/forums/showthread.php?47028-Early-concept-of-Daytona-USA-at-Summer-CES-1993-Not-on-Model-2-but-Compu-Scene
  11. ↑ http://www.arcade-history.com
  12. ↑ http://mamereviews.hubmed.org/game/vstrikro
  13. ↑ http://datasheets.chipdb.org/Intel/80960/PRODBREF/27223303.PDF
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 http://mamedev.org/source/src/mame/video/model2.c.html (Wayback Machine: 2013-01-04 20:08)
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 http://members.iinet.net.au/~lantra9jp1/gurudumps/m2status/index.html
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/data_sheets/ADSP-21060_21060L_21062_21062L_21060C_21060LC.pdf
  17. ↑ 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 17.10 17.11 https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/drivers/model2.c
  18. ↑ 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 18.10 http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 http://koti.kapsi.fi/~antime/sega/files/ST-077-R2-052594.pdf
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 http://www.gamezero.com/team-0/whats_new/past/news9504.html
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/MAG/vol33-2/paper08.pdf


Console-based hardware








84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14









































PC-based hardware








05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23





























Retrieved from "https://segaretro.org/index.php?title=Sega_Model_2&oldid=232245"