Difference between revisions of "Sega Model 2"

Revision as of 13:31, 21 February 2015

Sega Model 2

Manufacturer: Sega

Release	Date	RRP	Code

The Sega Model 2 is an arcade system board originally debuted by Sega in 1993 as a successor to the Sega Model 1 board. It is an extension of the Model 1 hardware, most notably introducing the concept of texture-mapped polygons, allowing for more realistic 3D graphics (for its time). The Model 2 board was an important milestone for the arcade industry, and helped launch several key arcade franchises of the 90s, including Daytona USA, Virtua Cop, Sega Rally Championship, Dead or Alive, Virtua Striker, Cyber Troopers Virtual-On and The House of the Dead.

The Model 2 was engineered with help from GE Aerospace (acquired by Martin Marietta in 1993, now part of Lockheed Martin), who designed the texture-mapping technology incorporated by the Model 2. The Model 2's development was led by famed game designer Yu Suzuki. The Model 2 arcade board debuted along with Daytona USA, a game which was finished, copyrighted and debuted at the JAMMA arcade show in 1993.^[1]

There four versions of the system: the original Model 2 and the Model 2A-CRX, Model 2B-CRX and Model 2C-CRX variants. Model 2 and 2A-CRX used a custom DSP with internal code for the geometrizer while 2B-CRX and 2C-CRX used well documented DSPs and uploaded the geometrizer code at startup to the DSP. The Model 2 was succeeded by the Sega Model 3 in 1996.

Hardware

It was a further advancement of the earlier Model 1 system. The most noticeable improvement was texture mapping, which enabled polygons to be painted with bitmap images, as opposed to the limited monotone flat shading that Model 1 supported. The Model 2 also introduced the use of texture filtering and texture anti-aliasing,^[2] as well as trilinear filtering.^[3] It was the most powerful game system in its time, equivalent to the power of a PC graphics card in 1998, five years after the Model 2's release.^[3]

Designed by Sega AM2's Yu Suzuki, he stated that the Model 2's texture mapping chip originated "from military equipment from Lockheed Martin, which was formerly General Electric Aerial & Space's textural mapping technology. It cost $2 million dollars to use the chip. It was part of flight-simulation equipment that cost $32 million. I asked how much it would cost to buy just the chip and they came back with $2 million. And I had to take that chip and convert it for video game use, and make the technology available for the consumer at 5,000 yen ($50)" ($84 in 2014) per machine. He said "it was tough but we were able to make it for 5,000 yen. Nobody at Sega believed me when I said I wanted to purchase this technology for our games."^[4] Suzuki stated that, in "the end," it "was a hit and the industry gained mass-produced texture-mapping as a result." For Virtua Fighter 2, he also utilized motion capture technology, introducing it to the game industry.^[5]

There were also issues working on the new CPU,^[4] the Intel i960-KB, which had just released in 1993.^[6] Suzuki stated that when working "on a brand new CPU, the debugger doesn't exist yet. The latest hardware doesn't work because it's full of bugs. And even if a debugger exists, the debugger itself is full of bugs. So, I had to debug the debugger. And of course with new hardware there's no library or system, so I had to create all of that, as well. It was a brutal cycle."^[4]

Despite its high price tag of around $15,000^[3] (equivalent to $24489 in 2014), the Model 2 platform was very successful. It featured some of the highest grossing arcade games of all time: Daytona USA, [1] Virtua Fighter 2, Cyber Troopers Virtual-On, The House of the Dead, and Dead or Alive, to name a few. Sega sold 65,000 units of the Model 2 annually,^[3] and eventually sold over 130,000 units by 1996, amounting to over $1.95 billion revenue from hardware cabinet sales (130,000 units^[7]^[8] at $15,000 each^[3]^[9]), equivalent to over $3.18 billion in 2014, making it one of the best-selling arcade systems of all time.

Technical Specifications

Main CPU (central processing unit)

Main CPU: Intel i960-KB @ 25 MHz
- Fixed-point arithmetic: 32-bit RISC instructions @ 25 MIPS (million instructions per second)^[10]
- Floating-point unit: 32-bit, 64-bit and 80-bit operations @ 13.6 MFLOPS (Mega-FLOPS, or million floating-point operations per second) (Whetstone)^[6]

GPU (graphics processing unit) video hardware

Geometry Engine^[11] DSP coprocessors: 6× Fujitsu TGP MB86234 (Model 2/2A-CRX),^[12] or 2× Analog Devices ADSP-21062 SHARC (Model 2B-CRX), or 2× Fujitsu TGPx4 MB86235 (Model 2C-CRX)^[12]
- Coprocessor abilities: Floating decimal point operation function, axis rotation operation function, 3D computer graphics 3D matrix operation function
- Floating-point unit:
  - Model 2/2A-CRX: 32-bit operations @ 16 MFLOPS^[13] ×6 (96 MFLOPS)
  - Model 2B/2C-CRX: 32-bit & 40-bit operations @ 120 MFLOPS^[14] ×2 (240 MFLOPS)
- Fixed-point arithmetic: 32-bit & 48-bit instructions @ 80 MIPS (Model 2B-CRX)^[14]
Hardware Renderer:^[11] Sega-Lockheed-Martin Custom rasterization^[15] & texture mapping hardware (Model 2),^[4] or 2× Fujitsu MB86271 AGP (Model 2C-CRX)^[16]
- Fixed-point arithmetic: 32-bit & 64-bit instructions @ 240 MIPS (Model 2C-CRX)^[16]
Z-Sort & Clip Hardware^[11] (2× Fujitsu MB86272 Z-sorter in Model 2C-CRX)^[16]
Sega System 24 tilemap engine^[15]

Audio hardware

Sound CPU: Motorola 68000 @ 10 MHz (Model 2), or Motorola 68000 @ 12 MHz (Model 2A/2B/2C-CRX)
Sound chip: 2× Sega 315-5560 Custom MultiPCM (Model 2), or Yamaha SCSP (Model 2A/2B/2C-CRX)
Sound timer: Yamaha YM3834 @ 8 MHz (Model 2 only)
PCM channels: 56^[13]
PCM sample ROM: 16 Mbits (Model 2),^[13] or 68 Mbits (Model 2A/2B/2C-CRX)^[13]
PCM quality: 16-bit depth,^[17] 44.1 kHz sampling rate (CD quality)^[13]
SCSP features: 128-step DSP, 32 FM synthesis channels, 32 MIDI channels, 32 LFO channels^[17]

RAM (random access memory)

Total RAM: 9776 KB (Model 2/2A-CRX), or 18,388 KB (Model 2B/2C-CRX)

Main RAM: 1152 KB (9 Mbits)^[13] (1024 KB work, 64 KB network, 64 KB serial)^[15]
Video memory: 5984 KB (Model 2/2A-CRX), or 14,596 KB (Model 2B/2C-CRX)
- Framebuffer VRAM:^[16] 1024 KB (Model 2/2A-CRX), or 1536 KB (Model 2B/2C-CRX)^[15]
- Coprocessor buffer^[15] SRAM/SDRAM:^[16] 64 KB (Model 2/2A-CRX), or 8228 KB (Model 2B/2C-CRX)^[15]
- Texture memory: 4096 KB^[15] SRAM/SDRAM^[16]
- Luma: 128 KB (Model 2/2A-CRX), or 64 KB (Model 2B/2C-CRX)^[15]
- Other: 672 KB (32 KB geometry, 576 KB tiles, 64 KB colors)^[15]
Audio memory: 576 KB^[15]
Backup SRAM/NVRAM: 16 KB^[15]
Extra RAM: 2048 KB^[15]

Graphical capabilities

Monitor display resolution: 496×384 pixels, 24 Hz horizontal sync, 60 Hz refresh rate, progressive scan (non-interlaced)^[13]
Color depth: 16,777,216 (24-bit true color)^[13]^[18]^[19]
Graphical features: Flat shading, texture mapping, perspective correction, Texture filtering, texture anti-aliasing, microtexture, diffuse reflection, specular reflection, wikipedia:Alpha blending, transparency,^[13] rasterization, mipmapping, level of detail,^[11] Z-sorting, T&L (transform, clipping, and lighting),^[11]^[16] trilinear filtering^[3]
- Texture map resolution: Up to 1024×2048 pixels^[13]
- Microtexture size: Up to 128×128 pixels
- Model 2C-CRX: Gouraud shading, hidden surface, Z-buffering,^[16] point sampling, bilinear filtering^[19]
Frame rate: 60 frames/sec^[13]
Geometric performance:
- Model 2: 300,000 textured quad polygons/sec^[13] to over 500,000 textured triangle polygons/sec,^[18] 900,000 vectors/sec^[13]
- Model 2C-CRX: 490,000 textured polygons/sec (with clipping, lighting and Gouraud shading)^[16] to 900,000 textured triangle polygons/sec (with Gouraud shading)^[16]
Rendering fillrate:
- Pixel fillrate: 1.2 million pixels/sec (Model 2)^[13] to 120 million pixels/sec (2 million pixels/frame) (Model 2B-CRX/2C-CRX)^[13]^[13]
- Texture fillrate: 36 million texels/sec (500 pixels/polygon) (Model 2C-CRX)^[16]

List of Games

Daytona USA (1993)
Daytona USA Deluxe '93 (1993)
Desert Tank (1994)
Virtua Cop (1994)

Other

Ultimate Domain (unreleased) - Developed by Atlus. Previewed in Mean Machines Sega #51.

Gallery

CPU
Video PCB
A typical ROM (Virtua Cop)
Model 2A CPU
Model 2A video PCB
Model 2A ROM (Dead or Alive)
Model 2B CPU/Video PCB
Model 2B filter PCB
Model 2B communications PCB
A Model 2B ROM
Model 2C PCB

Sega arcade boards
Originating in arcades
77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 VIC Dual G80 Zaxxon VCO Object System 1 LaserDisc Appoooh Hang-On System 2 System 16 OutRun Gigas X Board Y Board System 24 System 18 System 32 Model 1 Model 2 H1 Board Model 3 ↑ http://static.giantbomb.com/uploads/original/13/139866/2721164-electronic_gaming_monthly_051_-_1993_oct_222.jpg ↑ [ ] ↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html ↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 http://www.1up.com/features/disappearance-suzuki-part-1 (Wayback Machine: 2013-11-13 17:41) ↑ http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/228512/Yu_Suzuki_recalls_using_military_tech_to_make_Virtua_Fighter_2.php ↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 http://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheet/Intel/mXqwttu.pdf ↑ http://archive.today/XN3rz ↑ http://tinyurl.com/nyb7y3s ↑ http://www.assemblergames.com/forums/showthread.php?47028-Early-concept-of-Daytona-USA-at-Summer-CES-1993-Not-on-Model-2-but-Compu-Scene ↑ http://datasheets.chipdb.org/Intel/80960/PRODBREF/27223303.PDF ↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 ^11.4 http://mamedev.org/source/src/mame/video/model2.c.html (Wayback Machine: 2013-01-04 20:08) ↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 http://members.iinet.net.au/~lantra9jp1/gurudumps/m2status/index.html ↑ ^13.00 ^13.01 ^13.02 ^13.03 ^13.04 ^13.05 ^13.06 ^13.07 ^13.08 ^13.09 ^13.10 ^13.11 ^13.12 ^13.13 ^13.14 ^13.15 http://www.system16.com ↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/data_sheets/ADSP-21060_21060L_21062_21062L_21060C_21060LC.pdf ↑ ^15.00 ^15.01 ^15.02 ^15.03 ^15.04 ^15.05 ^15.06 ^15.07 ^15.08 ^15.09 ^15.10 ^15.11 https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/drivers/model2.c ↑ ^16.00 ^16.01 ^16.02 ^16.03 ^16.04 ^16.05 ^16.06 ^16.07 ^16.08 ^16.09 ^16.10 http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf ↑ ^17.0 ^17.1 http://koti.kapsi.fi/~antime/sega/files/ST-077-R2-052594.pdf ↑ ^18.0 ^18.1 http://www.gamezero.com/team-0/whats_new/past/news9504.html ↑ ^19.0 ^19.1 http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/MAG/vol33-2/paper08.pdf
Console-based hardware
84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 SG-1000 System E System C Mega-Tech System Mega Play Sega Titan Video NAOMI Hikaru NAOMI 2 Atomiswave System SP Chihiro Triforce
PC-based hardware
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Lindbergh Europa-R RingEdge RingWide RingEdge 2 Nu Nu 1.1 Nu 2 ALLS

[http:.2F.2Fstatic.giantbomb.com.2Fuploads.2Foriginal.2F13.2F139866.2F2721164-electronic_gaming_monthly_051_-_1993_oct_222.jpg-1] ttp://static.giantbomb.com/uploads/original/13/139866/2721164-electronic_gaming_monthly_051_-_1993_oct_222.jpg

[-2] [ ]

[http:.2F.2Fwww.thg.ru.2Fsmoke.2F19991022.2Fprint.html-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html

[http:.2F.2Fweb.archive.org.2Fweb.2F20131113174154.2Fhttp:.2F.2Fwww.1up.com.2Ffeatures.2Fdisappearance-suzuki-part-1-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 http://www.1up.com/features/disappearance-suzuki-part-1 (Wayback Machine: 2013-11-13 17:41)

[http:.2F.2Fwww.gamasutra.com.2Fview.2Fnews.2F228512.2FYu_Suzuki_recalls_using_military_tech_to_make_Virtua_Fighter_2.php-5] ttp://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/228512/Yu_Suzuki_recalls_using_military_tech_to_make_Virtua_Fighter_2.php

[http:.2F.2Fpdf.datasheetcatalog.com.2Fdatasheet.2FIntel.2FmXqwttu.pdf-6] 6.0 ^6.1 http://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheet/Intel/mXqwttu.pdf

[http:.2F.2Farchive.today.2FXN3rz-7] ttp://archive.today/XN3rz

[http:.2F.2Ftinyurl.com.2Fnyb7y3s-8] ttp://tinyurl.com/nyb7y3s

[http:.2F.2Fwww.assemblergames.com.2Fforums.2Fshowthread.php.3F47028-Early-concept-of-Daytona-USA-at-Summer-CES-1993-Not-on-Model-2-but-Compu-Scene-9] ttp://www.assemblergames.com/forums/showthread.php?47028-Early-concept-of-Daytona-USA-at-Summer-CES-1993-Not-on-Model-2-but-Compu-Scene

[http:.2F.2Fdatasheets.chipdb.org.2FIntel.2F80960.2FPRODBREF.2F27223303.PDF-10] ttp://datasheets.chipdb.org/Intel/80960/PRODBREF/27223303.PDF

[http:.2F.2Fweb.archive.org.2Fweb.2F20130104200822.2Fhttp:.2F.2Fmamedev.org.2Fsource.2Fsrc.2Fmame.2Fvideo.2Fmodel2.c.html-11] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 ^11.4 http://mamedev.org/source/src/mame/video/model2.c.html (Wayback Machine: 2013-01-04 20:08)

[http:.2F.2Fmembers.iinet.net.au.2F.7Elantra9jp1.2Fgurudumps.2Fm2status.2Findex.html-12] 12.0 ^12.1 http://members.iinet.net.au/~lantra9jp1/gurudumps/m2status/index.html

[http:.2F.2Fwww.system16.com-13] 13.00 ^13.01 ^13.02 ^13.03 ^13.04 ^13.05 ^13.06 ^13.07 ^13.08 ^13.09 ^13.10 ^13.11 ^13.12 ^13.13 ^13.14 ^13.15 http://www.system16.com

[http:.2F.2Fwww.analog.com.2Fstatic.2Fimported-files.2Fdata_sheets.2FADSP-21060_21060L_21062_21062L_21060C_21060LC.pdf-14] 14.0 ^14.1 http://www.analog.com/static/imported-files/data_sheets/ADSP-21060_21060L_21062_21062L_21060C_21060LC.pdf

[https:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fmamedev.2Fmame.2Ftree.2Fmaster.2Fsrc.2Fmame.2Fdrivers.2Fmodel2.c-15] 15.00 ^15.01 ^15.02 ^15.03 ^15.04 ^15.05 ^15.06 ^15.07 ^15.08 ^15.09 ^15.10 ^15.11 https://github.com/mamedev/mame/tree/master/src/mame/drivers/model2.c

[http:.2F.2Fwww.hotchips.org.2Fwp-content.2Fuploads.2Fhc_archives.2Fhc07.2F3_Tue.2FHC7.S5.2FHC7.5.1.pdf-16] 16.00 ^16.01 ^16.02 ^16.03 ^16.04 ^16.05 ^16.06 ^16.07 ^16.08 ^16.09 ^16.10 http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf

[http:.2F.2Fkoti.kapsi.fi.2F.7Eantime.2Fsega.2Ffiles.2FST-077-R2-052594.pdf-17] 17.0 ^17.1 http://koti.kapsi.fi/~antime/sega/files/ST-077-R2-052594.pdf

[http:.2F.2Fwww.gamezero.com.2Fteam-0.2Fwhats_new.2Fpast.2Fnews9504.html-18] 18.0 ^18.1 http://www.gamezero.com/team-0/whats_new/past/news9504.html

[http:.2F.2Fwww.fujitsu.com.2Fdownloads.2FMAG.2Fvol33-2.2Fpaper08.pdf-19] 19.0 ^19.1 http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/MAG/vol33-2/paper08.pdf

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@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 ;[http://gaming.wikia.com/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit GPU] (graphics processing unit) [[wikipedia:Video card|video]] [[wikipedia:Graphics pipeline|hardware]]
-* [[wikipedia:Geometry pipelines|Geometry Engine]]{{ref|http://web.archive.org/web/20130104200822/http://mamedev.org/source/src/mame/video/model2.c.html}} [[wikipedia:Digital signal processor|DSP]] [[coprocessor]]s: 6× [[Fujitsu]] TGP MB86234 (Model 2/2A-CRX),{{ref|http://members.iinet.net.au/~lantra9jp1/gurudumps/m2status/index.html}} or 2× [[Analog Devices]] ADSP-21062 [[Super Harvard Architecture Single-Chip Computer|SHARC]] (Model 2B-CRX), or 2× Fujitsu [[Rendition (company)#Vérité V2x00|TGPx4]] MB86235 (Model 2C-CRX){{ref|http://members.iinet.net.au/~lantra9jp1/gurudumps/m2status/index.html}}
+* [[wikipedia:Geometry pipelines|Geometry Engine]]{{ref|http://web.archive.org/web/20130104200822/http://mamedev.org/source/src/mame/video/model2.c.html}} [[wikipedia:Digital signal processor|DSP]] [[wikipedia:Coprocessor|coprocessors]]: 6× [[Fujitsu]] TGP MB86234 (Model 2/2A-CRX),{{ref|http://members.iinet.net.au/~lantra9jp1/gurudumps/m2status/index.html}} or 2× [[wikipedia:Analog Devices|Analog Devices]] ADSP-21062 [[wikipedia:Super Harvard Architecture Single-Chip Computer|SHARC]] (Model 2B-CRX), or 2× Fujitsu [http://gaming.wikia.com/wiki/Graphics_processing_unit TGPx4] MB86235 (Model 2C-CRX){{ref|http://members.iinet.net.au/~lantra9jp1/gurudumps/m2status/index.html}}
 ** Coprocessor abilities: [[wikipedia:Decimal floating point|Floating decimal point]] operation function, axis rotation operation function, [http://gaming.wikia.com/wiki/Three-dimensional 3D computer graphics 3D] [[wikipedia:Matrix (mathematics)|matrix operation]] function
 ** Floating-point unit:
@@ Line 55: / Line 55: @@
 * [[Pulse-code modulation|PCM]] channels: 56{{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
 * PCM sample [[wikipedia:Read-only memory|ROM]]: 16 [[wikipedia:Mebibit|Mbits]] (Model 2),{{ref|http://www.system16.com}} or 68 Mbits (Model 2A/2B/2C-CRX){{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
-* PCM quality: 16-bit [[wikipedia:Audio bit depth|depth]],{{ref|http://koti.kapsi.fi/~antime/sega/files/ST-077-R2-052594.pdf}} [[44,100 Hz|44.1&nbsp;kHz]] [[wikipedia:Sampling rate|sampling rate]] ([[Compact disc|CD]] [[wikipedia:Sound quality|quality]]){{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
+* PCM quality: 16-bit [[wikipedia:Audio bit depth|depth]],{{ref|http://koti.kapsi.fi/~antime/sega/files/ST-077-R2-052594.pdf}} [[wikipedia:44,100 Hz|44.1&nbsp;kHz]] [[wikipedia:Sampling rate|sampling rate]] ([[Compact disc|CD]] [[wikipedia:Sound quality|quality]]){{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
 * SCSP features: 128-step DSP, 32 [[wikipedia:Frequency modulation synthesis|FM synthesis]] channels, 32 [[MIDI]] channels, 32 [[wikipedia:Low-frequency oscillation|LFO]] channels{{ref|http://koti.kapsi.fi/~antime/sega/files/ST-077-R2-052594.pdf}}
@@ Line 76: / Line 76: @@
 * Monitor [http://gaming.wikia.com/wiki/Display_resolution display resolution]: 496×384 pixels, 24&nbsp;Hz [[wikipedia:Horizontal scan rate|horizontal sync]], 60&nbsp;Hz [[wikipedia:Refresh rate|refresh rate]], [[wikipedia:Progressive scan|progressive scan]] (non-interlaced){{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
 * [http://gaming.wikia.com/wiki/Two-dimensional Color depth]: 16,777,216 ([http://gaming.wikia.com/wiki/List_of_RGB_palettes#24-bit_RGB 24-bit] [[wikipedia:True Color|true color]]){{ref|http://www.system16.com}}{{ref|http://www.gamezero.com/team-0/whats_new/past/news9504.html}}{{ref|http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/MAG/vol33-2/paper08.pdf}}
-* Graphical features: [[wikipedia:Flat shading|Flat shading]], [[wikipedia:Texture mapping|texture mapping]], [[wikipedia:Texture mapping#Perspective correctness|perspective correction]], [[wikipedia:Texture filtering|Texture filtering]], [[wikipedia:Spatial anti-aliasing|texture anti-aliasing]], [[wikipedia:Microtexture|microtexture]], [[wikipedia:Diffuse reflection|diffuse reflection]], [[wikipedia:Specular reflection|specular reflection]], [[wikipedia:Alpha blending]], [[wikipedia:Transparency (graphic)|transparency]],{{ref|http://www.system16.com}} [[wikipedia:Rasterization|rasterization]], [[wikipedia:Mipmap|mipmapping]], [[wikipedia:Level of detail|level of detail]],{{ref|http://web.archive.org/web/20130104200822/http://mamedev.org/source/src/mame/video/model2.c.html}} [[wikipedia:Z-buffering|z-sorting]], [http://gaming.wikia.com/wiki/Transform%2C_clipping%2C_and_lighting T&L (transform, clipping, and lighting)],{{ref|http://web.archive.org/web/20130104200822/http://mamedev.org/source/src/mame/video/model2.c.html}}{{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}} [[wikipedia:Trilinear filtering|trilinear filtering]]{{ref|http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html}}
+* Graphical features: [[wikipedia:Flat shading|Flat shading]], [[wikipedia:Texture mapping|texture mapping]], [[wikipedia:Texture mapping#Perspective correctness|perspective correction]], [[wikipedia:Texture filtering|Texture filtering]], [[wikipedia:Spatial anti-aliasing|texture anti-aliasing]], [[wikipedia:Microtexture|microtexture]], [[wikipedia:Diffuse reflection|diffuse reflection]], [[wikipedia:Specular reflection|specular reflection]], [[wikipedia:Alpha blending]], [[wikipedia:Transparency (graphic)|transparency]],{{ref|http://www.system16.com}} [[wikipedia:Rasterization|rasterization]], [[wikipedia:Mipmap|mipmapping]], [[wikipedia:Level of detail|level of detail]],{{ref|http://web.archive.org/web/20130104200822/http://mamedev.org/source/src/mame/video/model2.c.html}} [[wikipedia:Z-buffering|Z-sorting]], [http://gaming.wikia.com/wiki/Transform%2C_clipping%2C_and_lighting T&L (transform, clipping, and lighting)],{{ref|http://web.archive.org/web/20130104200822/http://mamedev.org/source/src/mame/video/model2.c.html}}{{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}} [[wikipedia:Trilinear filtering|trilinear filtering]]{{ref|http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html}}
-** [[Texture mapping|Texture map]] resolution: Up to 1024×2048 pixels{{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
+** [[wikipedia:Texture mapping|Texture map]] resolution: Up to 1024×2048 pixels{{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
-** [[Microtexture]] size: Up to 128×128 pixels
+** [[wikipedia:Microtexture|Microtexture]] size: Up to 128×128 pixels
-** Model 2C-CRX: [[Gouraud shading]], [[Hidden surface determination|hidden surface]], [[z-buffering]],{{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}} [[Nearest-neighbor interpolation|point sampling]], [[bilinear filtering]]{{ref|http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/MAG/vol33-2/paper08.pdf}}
+** Model 2C-CRX: [[Gouraud shading]], [[wikipedia:Hidden surface determination|hidden surface]], [[wikipedia:Z-buffering|Z-buffering]],{{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}} [[wikipedia:Nearest-neighbor interpolation|point sampling]], [[wikipedia:Bilinear filtering|bilinear filtering]]{{ref|http://www.fujitsu.com/downloads/MAG/vol33-2/paper08.pdf}}
-* [[Frame rate]]: 60 frames/sec{{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
+* [[wikipedia:Frame rate|Frame rate]]: 60 frames/sec{{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
-* [[Digital geometry|Geometric]] performance:
+* [[wikipedia:Digital geometry|Geometric]] performance:
-** Model 2: 300,000 textured [[Polygon mesh|quad polygons]]/sec{{ref|http://www.system16.com}} to over 500,000 textured [[Triangle mesh|triangle polygons]]/sec,{{ref|http://www.gamezero.com/team-0/whats_new/past/news9504.html}} 900,000 [[Vector graphics|vectors]]/sec{{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
+** Model 2: 300,000 textured [[wikipedia:Polygon mesh|quad polygons]]/sec{{ref|http://www.system16.com}} to over 500,000 textured [[wikipedia:Triangle mesh|triangle polygons]]/sec,{{ref|http://www.gamezero.com/team-0/whats_new/past/news9504.html}} 900,000 [http://gaming.wikia.com/wiki/Vector_graphics vectors]/sec{{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
-** Model 2C-CRX: 490,000 textured [[Polygon (computer graphics)|polygons]]/sec (with [[Transform, clipping, and lighting|clipping, lighting]] and Gouraud shading){{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}} to 900,000 textured triangle polygons/sec (with Gouraud shading){{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}}
+** Model 2C-CRX: 490,000 textured [http://www.giantbomb.com/polygonal-3d/3015-1430/ polygons]/sec (with clipping, lighting and [[Gouraud shading]]){{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}} to 900,000 textured triangle polygons/sec (with Gouraud shading){{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}}
-* Rendering [[fillrate]]:
+* Rendering [[wikipedia:Fillrate|fillrate]]:
 ** [[Pixel]] fillrate: 1.2 million pixels/sec (Model 2){{ref|http://www.system16.com}} to 120 million pixels/sec (2 million pixels/frame) (Model 2B-CRX/2C-CRX){{ref|http://www.system16.com}}{{ref|http://www.system16.com}}
-** [[Texture mapping|Texture]] fillrate: 36 million [[Texel (graphics)|texels]]/sec (500 pixels/polygon) (Model 2C-CRX){{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}}
+** [[wikipedia:Texture mapping|Texture]] fillrate: 36 million [[wikipedia:Texel (graphics)|texels]]/sec (500 pixels/polygon) (Model 2C-CRX){{ref|http://www.hotchips.org/wp-content/uploads/hc_archives/hc07/3_Tue/HC7.S5/HC7.5.1.pdf}}
 ==List of Games==

Difference between revisions of "Sega Model 2"

From Sega Retro

Revision as of 13:31, 21 February 2015

Contents

Hardware

Technical Specifications

List of Games

2A-CRX

2B-CRX games

2C-CRX

Other

Gallery