Difference between revisions of "Sega Model 3"

Revision as of 10:18, 30 November 2016

Sega Model 3

Manufacturer: Sega

Release	Date	RRP	Code

The Sega Model 3 is an arcade platform produced by Sega. It is a successor to the Sega Model 2 platform, and was released in 1996.

The Model 3 hardware is very different to the Sega Model 1 and Model 2 boards which preceded it. The Model 3 utilized Real3D Pro-1000 graphics processing units, designed by Real3D in partnership with Mitsubishi. The Model 3 was designed to push as many textured polygons as possible in real-time, along with the most advanced graphical techniques available at the time, such as multisample anti-aliasing, motion blur, facial animation, specular highlighting/reflection/shading, and multiple light sources. Upon release, the Model 3 board was more powerful than any other arcade platform on the market, as well as any home console or computer at the time; it took several years for home systems to catch-up to the Model 3.

The Model 3 was succeeded by the Sega NAOMI in 1998, followed by the Sega Hikaru in 1999 and Sega NAOMI 2 in 2000.

History

The Model 3 board went through a series of delays which frustrated Sega. Following their success with the Model 2's texture-mapping chip, Real3D (a spin-off company from Lockheed Martin) were unable to finalise the specifications of the Model 3's GPU, the Real3D Pro-1000 graphics processors, until late 1995 or early 1996. By this time, Real3D had partnered with Mitsubishi, which provided the ALU and graphics memory for the Pro-1000.^[1] Sega had planned to release the Model 3 board in late 1995 along with three games, one of which, Indy 500, was reportedly downgraded to Model 2 hardware thanks to the troubles.^[2]^[3] In late 1995, Yu Suzuki promised the Model 3 would deliver "the best 3D graphics".^[4] When the Model 3 specification was finalized, it used two Real3D Pro-1000 processors, including four Mitsubishi 3D-RAM ALU chips.^[5] The Model 3 eventually debuted, with Virtua Fighter 3 as its first game, at the AOU Show 1996 in February 1996, and was followed by Scud Race later that year. The board was officially supported until 1999, to make room for the Sega NAOMI and its successors, the Sega Hikaru and NAOMI 2.

The Model 3 went through a number of revisions (steps) in which improvements were made the system and board architecture was changed. These "steppings" mainly increased the clock speed of the CPU and the speed of the 3D engine, as well as minor changes to the board architecture.^[5] Step 1.0 and Step 1.5 released in 1996, Step 2.0 in 1997, and Step 2.1 in 1998. Though there was much talk of Model 3 games being ported to the Sega Saturn, all home ports of Model 3 games were seen on the Sega Dreamcast, including the likes of Sega Rally 2, Virtua Fighter 3tb, Virtual-On Oratorio Tangram and Virtua Striker 2.

It was the most powerful game system in its time, an order of magnitude more powerful than PC graphics cards from 1998, which were still producing Model 2 quality graphics, two years years after the Model 3's release.^[6] By 2000, the Sega Model 2 & 3 had sold over 200,000 arcade systems worldwide,^[7] making them some of the best-selling arcade game boards of all time. At around $15,000 each (for the Model 2, with the Model 3 costing higher), this amounts to at least over $3 billion revenue from cabinet sales, equivalent to over $4.9 billion in 2014.

From the early 1970s, arcades had been at the forefront of graphical technology in video games. The Model 3 hardware as well as competitors from this era were also leading the industry from a graphical perspective at the time, compared to PCs which were still producing Model 2 quality graphics in 1998,^[6] but the gap began to slowly narrow after that, as PCs would begin to benefit from hardware accelerated graphics towards the end of the decade. Beginning with the co-development of the Sega Dreamcast console and Sega NAOMI arcade system, both released in 1998, consoles and later PCs would slowly become the basis for arcade systems, rather than the reverse as it had been up until this point. The last proprietary Sega arcade systems would be the Sega Hikaru and Sega NAOMI 2, after which PCs would overtake arcade systems as the forefront of graphical technology. Today, arcade games are built primarily around controls and the experience one gets from a game as opposed to graphical potential. Complex motion cabinets, and large, unique forms of control unsuitable for households is what drives the arcade industry in the present day.

Technical Specifications

Step 1.0 Specifications

Technical specifications for the Sega Model 3 Step 1.0:^[5]

Board Composition: CPU Board + VIDEO Board + ROM Board + Network/Communication Board + Security Board^[8]
Main CPU: IBM-Motorola PowerPC 603e @ 66 MHz^[9]
- Capabilities: 64‑bit bus width, 32/64‑bit instructions/operations, 198 MIPS,^[10] 132 MFLOPS, direct high-speed access to main CROM (CPU ROM) on game ROM board^[11]^[12]
Network/Communication Board CPU: Motorola 68000 (16/32‑bit) @ 12 MHz (2.1 MIPS)
ROM Board GAL: Sega 315-5983 (GAL16V8B) @ 100 MHz^[13]

Sound

Sound CPU : Motorola 68000 (16/32‑bit) @ 12 MHz (2.1 MIPS)
Sound Chip: 2×× Yamaha SCSP/YMF292-F
- DSP: 2× "LAKE" FH1 128-step DSP @ 22.6 MHz^[14]
- Bus width: 2× 24‑bit internal, 2× 16‑bit external^[15]
- PCM audio: 64 voices/channels, 16‑bit depth, 44.1 kHz sampling rate (CD quality)
- Other features: MIDI interface, 32 MIDI channels, 32 FM synthesis channels, 32 LFO channels, 4-channel surround sound, 16.5 MB SROM (Sound ROM)
Optional Sound Board: MPEG Sound Board
- Sound CPU: Motorola 68000 or Zilog Z80
- Sound chip: NEC uD65654GF102
- Features: MPEG audio compression, stereo output, steam individual mono channels to left and right speakers

Graphics

Graphical specifications of the Sega Model 3:^[16]^[17]^[1]^[18]

Video Board: Sega 837-11859 MODEL3
GPU: 2× Sega 315-5830-A (Real3D Pro‑1000) @ 50 MHz
- 14 core processors: 4× Mitsubishi 3D‑RAM ALU, 2× Geometry Engine ASIC, 2× Texture Processors, 2 DMA devices,^[19] 2 tile generators,^[20] 2 Fragment Processors
- 34 core units: 24 Mitsubishi 3D‑RAM ALU units, 2× Geometry Engine ASIC, 2× Texture Processors, 2 DMA devices, 2 tile generators, 2 Fragment Processors
GPU ALU: 4× Mitsubishi 3D‑RAM^{[n 1]}^[23]
- 24 core units: 16× 8‑bit ROP/blend units,^{[n 2]} 8× 32‑bit Z‑compare units^{[n 3]}
- Functional blocks per ALU: 32‑bit Pixel ALU,^{[n 4]} 256‑bit Global Bus,^{[n 5]} 256/32‑bit triple-port SRAM Pixel Buffer cache,^{[n 6]} 1280‑bit^{[n 7]} SAM Video Buffers,^{[n 8]} 128‑bit^{[n 9]} dual-port DRAM banks^{[n 5]}
- Features: Blending, depth check, stencil & raster operations,^[24] alpha blending, tiled rendering, 16/24/32‑bit Z-buffering, hidden surface removal, 30-85 Hz refresh rate, OpenGL support
- Framebuffers: 320×200 to 1280×1024,^{[n 10]} Z-buffer^{[n 10]}
- Bus width: 1024‑bit^{[n 11]} internal, 128‑bit^{[n 12]} external
- Performance: 528 million operations/sec, 7 million vectors/sec, 4 million tiles/sec^[25]
GPU Geometrizers: 2× Geometry Engine ASIC (50 MHz, 2× 32‑bit floating-point units)
- Geometrizer features: T&L (transform, clipping, lighting), culling, 24‑bit hidden surface removal, clipping, 24‑bit floating-point Z-buffering, depth buffer, stencil buffer, particle effects^[26]
- Lighting: Parallel light, pin-point light, 4 light spots, 4 spot lights, pin spot light, specular reflection, specular highlighting, headlight illumination, landing lights, glare effects, sunlight
GPU Renderers: 2× Pixel Processors (50 MHz)
- Anti-aliasing: Texture anti-aliasing, multi-layered anti-aliasing (multi-sample anti-aliasing), texture & edge multi-layered anti-aliasing, S-buffer anti-aliasing technology
- Shading: Flat shading, Gouraud shading, high-specular Gouraud shading, micro texture shading, fix shading, flat sun shading
GPU Texture Mapping Units: 2× Texture Processors (50 MHz)^[26]
- Capabilities: Full color texture mapping, mipmapping, perspective correction, texture filtering, Trilinear filtering, trilinear interpolation, trilinear mipmapping, mipmapped trilinear interpolation texture mapping algorithms, reflection/environment mapping, 4‑bit to 24‑bit color per texture
- Texture sizes: 32×32 to 1024×1024 (mipmapped), 32×32 to 2048×2048 (non-mipmapped)
- Texture RAM: 8 MB,^{[n 13]} Mitsubishi CDRAM,^{[n 14]} dual 2048×1024 texture sheets (4.2 million texels per frame)
Display Resolution: 496×384 to 640x480, progressive scan (non-interlaced), 24 kHz horizontal sync, one or two planes
- Refresh rate: 60 Hz, 60 frames per second
Color Depth: 32‑bit ARGB, 24‑bit RGB (16,777,216 colors) and alpha opacity
Scroll Window: Two planes (24 kHz, two plane mode), 16 colors/32,768 1024 palette x 2 bank, 256/32,768 64 palette x 2 bank
Special effects: Zoning fog, 32 levels of translucency, 64 levels of model/texture LOD, fade in/out, 4095 moving models, motion blur
Geometric Performance:
- Raw polygons: 4 million triangles/sec, 7 million vectors/sec^[25]
- Textured polygons: 2,000,200 triangles/sec (1,000,100 quads/sec), with Gouraud shading, translucency, anti-aliasing, fog, lighting and Z-buffering^[17]
Framebuffer Fillrate: 528 MPixels/s (write), 2.112 GPixels/s (erase)^[25]
Rendering Fillrate:
- Raw polygons: 300 MPixels/s (3 million triangles/sec), 200 MPixels/s (4 million triangles/sec)^[25]
- Textured polygons: 100 MPixels/s, with Gouraud shading, translucency, anti-aliasing, fog, lighting and Z-buffering^[17]
Texture Fillrate: 100 MTexels/s, 16 million colored textures/sec^[17]
VROM Access: GPU has direct access to VROM (Video ROM) on game ROM board,^[28] with fast Mask ROM access speed allowing it to stream polygon/texture data directly from VROM^[12]
Hardware support: Motion capture^[29]

Memory

Memory: Up to 251.23 MB (144 MB main, 89.157226 MB video, 17.570312 MB sound, 512 KB other)^[11]
RAM: 35,561 KB (34.727539 MB)
- Main RAM: 8 MB (3 MB SGRAM)^[30]
- VRAM: 25,761 KB (5121 KB framebuffers, 9248 KB textures, 1 MB display list, 4 MB polygons, 5 MB culling,^[28] 1152 KB tile generator)^[26]
  - Framebuffer RAM: 5121 KB Mitsubishi 3D-RAM (5 MB DRAM, 1 KB pixel buffer SRAM cache)^[22]
  - Texture RAM: 9248 KB (8 MB Mitsubishi CDRAM, 32 KB SRAM cache,^[27] 1 MB FIFO)
  - SDRAM: 4 MB^[31]
- Sound RAM: 1096 KB (64 KB main, 1032 KB SCSP DRAM; 512 KB per SCSP chip)^[32]
- Other RAM: 512 KB (192 KB security,^[8] 192 KB network/communication SRAM,^[33] 128 KB backup SRAM/NVRAM)^[34]
ROM: Up to 216.5 MB^[8]
- CROM: 136 MB (CPU ROM)
- VROM: 64 MB (Video ROM)
- SROM: 16.5 MB (Sound ROM)

Bandwidth

Memory Bandwidth: 4.9 GB/s^{[n 15]}
- Video memory: 3.612 GB/s^{[n 16]}
RAM Bandwidth: 3.8815 GB/s
- Main RAM: 528 MB/s^{[n 17]}
- VRAM: 3.212 GB/s
  - Framebuffers: 2.2 GB/s^{[n 18]}
  - Textures: 2.112 GB/s^{[n 19]}
- Sound RAM: 88.888889 MB/s^{[n 20]}
- Other RAM: 52.571429 MB/s
  - Backup NVRAM: 28.571428 MB/s^{[n 21]}
  - Network/Communication Board: 24 MB/s^{[n 22]}
ROM Bandwidth: 1.018 GB/s
- CROM: 528 MB/s^{[n 23]}
- VROM: 400 MB/s^{[n 24]}
- SROM: 90.4 MB/s^{[n 25]}
- Note: High-speed access allows ROM to effectively be used as RAM, and polygon/texture data streamed directly from VROM to the GPU.^[12]

Step 1.5 Specifications

The Sega Model 3 Step 1.5, released in late 1996, had a higher CPU clock rate and faster 3D engine:^[5]

Main CPU: IBM-Motorola PowerPC 603e @ 100 MHz (300 MIPS, 200 MFLOPS)
ROM Board GAL: Sega 315-6090A (GAL16V8B) @ 100 MHz^[13]

Graphics

Video Board: Sega 837-12875 MODEL3 STEP 1.5
GPU: 2× Sega 315-5830-B (Real3D Pro‑1000) @ 66 MHz
GPU ALU: 4× Mitsubishi 3D‑RAM (33 MHz)
- Performance: 528 million operations/sec, 4 million tiles/sec
GPU Geometrizers: 2× Geometry Engine ASIC (66 MHz, 2× 32‑bit floating-point units)
GPU Renderers: 2× Pixel Processors (66 MHz)
GPU Texture Mapping Units: 2× Texture Processors (66 MHz)
Geometric Performance:
- Raw polygons: 4 million triangles/sec, 7 million vectors/sec
- Textured polygons: 2.64 million triangles/sec (1.32 million quads/sec), with Gouraud shading, translucency, anti-aliasing, fog, lighting and Z-buffering
Framebuffer Fillrate: 528 MPixels/s (write), 2.112 GPixels/s (erase)
Rendering Fillrate:
- Raw polygons: 300 MPixels/s (3 million triangles/sec), 200 MPixels/s (4 million triangles/sec)
- Textured polygons: 132 MPixels/s, with Gouraud shading, translucency, anti-aliasing, fog, lighting and Z-buffering
Texture Fillrate: 132 MTexels/s

Bandwidth

Memory Bandwidth: 6.6 GB/s^{[n 26]}
- Video memory: 4.8 GB/s^{[n 27]}
RAM Bandwidth: 5.1813 GB/s
- Main RAM: 800 MB/s^{[n 28]}
- VRAM: 4.23984 GB/s
- Sound RAM: 88.888889 MB/s
- Other RAM: 52.571429 MB/s
ROM Bandwidth: 1.4184 GB/s
- CROM: 800 MB/s^{[n 29]}
- VROM: 528 MB/s^{[n 30]}
- SROM: 90.4 MB/s^{[n 25]}

Step 2.0 Specifications

The Sega Model 3 Step 2.0, released in 1997, was a substantial upgrade, with a higher CPU clock rate, significantly faster 3D engine (with an increased number of graphics chips), and more memory:^[5]

CPU: IBM-Motorola PowerPC 603ev @ 166 MHz (498 MIPS,^[10] 332 MFLOPS)

Graphics

Video Board: Sega 837-12716 MODEL3 STEP2
GPU: 6× Sega 315-6060 (Real3D Pro‑1000) @ 50 MHz^[17]^[18]
- 45 core processors: 15× Mitsubishi 3D‑RAM ALU, 2× Geometry Engine ASIC, 6× Pixel Processors, 6× Texture Processors, 6 DMA devices, 6 tile generators, 6 Fragment Processors
- 120 core units: 90 Mitsubishi 3D‑RAM ALU units, 2× Geometry Engine ASIC, 2× Texture Processors, 2 DMA devices, 2 tile generators, 2 Fragment Processors
GPU ALU: 15× Mitsubishi 3D‑RAM (33 MHz, 2-3 ALU per GPU)^[21]
- 90 core units: 60× 8‑bit ROP/blend units,^{[n 4]} 30× 32‑bit Z‑compare units^{[n 4]}
- Bus width: 3840‑bit^{[n 31]} internal, 960‑bit^{[n 32]} external
- Performance: 1.98 billion operations/sec, 15 million tiles/sec^[25]
GPU Geometrizers: 6× Geometry Engine ASIC (50 MHz, 6× 32‑bit floating-point units)
- Lighting: 12 light spots, 12 spot lights
GPU Renderers: 6× Pixel Processors (50 MHz)
GPU Texture Mapping Units: 6× Texture Processors (50 MHz)
Geometric Performance:
- Raw polygons: 15 million triangles/sec, 26.25 million vectors/sec
- Textured polygons: 6 million triangles/sec (3 million quads/sec), with Gouraud shading, translucency, anti-aliasing, fog, lighting and Z-buffering
Framebuffer Fillrate: 1.98 GPixels/s (write), 7.92 GPixels/s (erase)
Rendering Fillrate:
- Raw polygons: 1.125 GPixels/s (11.25 million triangles/sec), 750 MPixels/s (15 million triangles/sec)
- Textured polygons: 300 MPixels/s, with Gouraud shading, translucency, anti-aliasing, fog, lighting and Z-buffering
Texture Fillrate: 300 MTexels/s
Texture RAM: 21 MB^{[n 33]} on-board Mitsubishi CDRAM^{[n 4]}

Memory

Memory: Up to 317 MB (136 MB main, 146.835693 MB video, 33.695312 MB sound, 320 KB other)
RAM: 57,567.75 KB (56.218505 MB)
- Main RAM: 8 MB SDRAM^[37]
- VRAM: 47,959.75 KB (46.835693 MB)
  - Framebuffer RAM: 19,203.75 KB (18.75 MB Mitsubishi 3D-RAM, 3.75 KB pixel buffer SRAM cache)^[22]
  - Texture RAM: 21,588 KB (21 MB Mitsubishi CDRAM, 84 KB SRAM cache,^[27] 1 MB FIFO)
  - SGRAM: 7 MB^[38]^[30]
  - Sound RAM: 1096 KB (1 MB DRAM)
  - Other RAM: 320 KB
ROM: Up to 260.625 MB (128 MB CROM, 100 MB VROM,^[12] 32.625 MB SROM)^[39]

Bandwidth

Memory Bandwidth: 13.4 GB/s^{[n 34]}
- Video memory: 11.8 GB/s^{[n 35]}
RAM Bandwidth: 11.998127 GB/s
- Main RAM: 666.666666 MB/s^{[n 36]}
- VRAM: 11.19 GB/s
  - Framebuffers: 8.19 GB/s^{[n 37]}
  - Textures: 3 GB/s^{[n 38]}
- Sound RAM: 88.888889 MB/s^{[n 39]}
- Other RAM: 52.571429 MB/s
  - Backup NVRAM: 28.571428 MB/s^{[n 40]}
  - Network/Communication Board: 24 MB/s^{[n 41]}
ROM Bandwidth: 1.4 GB/s
- CROM: 800 MB/s^{[n 42]}
- VROM: 560 MB/s^{[n 43]}
- SROM: 90.4 MB/s^{[n 25]}

Step 2.1 Specifications

The Sega Model 3 Step 2.1, released in 1998, is largely identical to Step 2.0, but with the following updates:^[5]

Video Board: Sega 837-13368 MODEL3 STEP2.1
ROM Board: Sega 837-13022-02
ROM Board GAL: Sega 315-6090B (GAL16V8B) @ 100 MHz^[13]

Hardware Images

Main Board
Main Board 2
Sound board
Complete Board

List of Games

Step 1.0

Step 1.5

Scud Race / Super GT (1996)
Le Mans 24 (1997)
Scud Race Plus (1997)
The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997)
The Lost World: Jurassic Park Special (1997)
Virtua Striker 2 (1997)
Virtua Striker 2 Version '98 (1998)

Step 2.0

Step 2.1

Magazine articles

Main article: Sega Model 3/Magazine articles.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Press release: 1996-08-06: Mitsubishi's Graphics Memory Products Power REAL 3D's R3D/PRO-1000 Graphics Engine
↑ File:NextGeneration US 11.pdf, page 16
↑ File:Edge UK 025.pdf, page 8
↑ File:SSM_UK_02.pdf, page 21
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model3.cpp
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html
↑ http://web.stanford.edu/dept/HPS/TimLenoir/MilitaryEntertainmentComplex.htm
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 https://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/Model3.h
↑ http://www.segatech.com/archives/january1998.html
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 File:TSPC603R datasheet.pdf
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 https://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/Model3.cpp
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 ^12.2 ^12.3 Hideki Sato Sega Interview (Edge)
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 ^13.3 ^13.4 ^13.5 File:GAL16V8B datasheet.pdf
↑ File:ST-103-R1-040194.pdf
↑ File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf
↑ File:Model3 cpu1.jpg
↑ ^17.0 ^17.1 ^17.2 ^17.3 ^17.4 File:Real3DPro1000ProductDescription.pdf
↑ ^18.0 ^18.1 ^18.2 File:Real3D100ArchitectureOverview.pdf
↑ https://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/Real3D.cpp
↑ https://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/TileGen.cpp
↑ ^21.0 ^21.1 File:M5M410092B datasheet.pdf
↑ ^22.0 ^22.1 ^22.2 File:M5M410092FP datasheet.pdf
↑ http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel1/4/10262/00482207.pdf
↑ 3D-RAM (Wayback Machine: 2014-03-29 07:45)
↑ ^25.0 ^25.1 ^25.2 ^25.3 ^25.4 ^25.5 3D-RAM (Mitsubishi) (Wayback Machine: 1998-01-22 14:39)
↑ ^26.0 ^26.1 ^26.2 https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/model3.cpp
↑ ^27.0 ^27.1 ^27.2 File:M5M4V4169TP datasheet.pdf
↑ ^28.0 ^28.1 ^28.2 https://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/Real3D.h
↑ File:GameOn US 06.pdf, page 7
↑ ^30.0 ^30.1 ^30.2 ^30.3 File:KM4132G271A datasheet.pdf
↑ File:HM5241605 datasheet.pdf
↑ ^32.0 ^32.1 ^32.2 File:HM514270 datasheet.pdf
↑ ^33.0 ^33.1 ^33.2 File:N341256 datasheet.pdf
↑ ^34.0 ^34.1 ^34.2 File:LH52B256 datasheet.pdf
↑ ^35.0 ^35.1 File:DRAM Technology.pdf
↑ ^36.0 ^36.1 ^36.2 File:MC88915 datasheet.pdf
↑ ^37.0 ^37.1 File:TC59S1616AFT datasheet.pdf
↑ File:UPD4811650 datasheet.pdf
↑ http://mamedb.com/game/spikeofe

Sega arcade boards
Originating in arcades
77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 VIC Dual G80 Zaxxon VCO Object System 1 LaserDisc Appoooh Hang-On System 2 System 16 OutRun Gigas X Board Y Board System 24 System 18 System 32 Model 1 Model 2 H1 Board Model 3
Console-based hardware
84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 SG-1000 System E System C Mega-Tech System Mega Play Sega Titan Video NAOMI Hikaru NAOMI 2 Atomiswave System SP Chihiro Triforce
PC-based hardware
05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Lindbergh Europa-R RingEdge RingWide RingEdge 2 Nu Nu 1.1 Nu 2 ALLS

Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "n", but no corresponding <references group="n"/> tag was found, or a closing </ref> is missing

[Press_release:_1996-08-06:_Mitsubishi.27s_Graphics_Memory_Products_Power_REAL_3D.27s_R3D.2FPRO-1000_Graphics_Engine-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Press release: 1996-08-06: Mitsubishi's Graphics Memory Products Power REAL 3D's R3D/PRO-1000 Graphics Engine

[:File:NextGeneration_US_11.pdf_p16-2] File:NextGeneration US 11.pdf, page 16

[:File:Edge_UK_025.pdf_p8-3] File:Edge UK 025.pdf, page 8

[:File:SSM_UK_02.pdf_p21-4] File:SSM_UK_02.pdf, page 21

[https:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fmamedev.2Fmame.2Fblob.2Fmaster.2Fsrc.2Fmame.2Fdrivers.2Fmodel3.cpp-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model3.cpp

[http:.2F.2Fwww.thg.ru.2Fsmoke.2F19991022.2Fprint.html-6] 6.0 ^6.1 http://www.thg.ru/smoke/19991022/print.html

[http:.2F.2Fweb.stanford.edu.2Fdept.2FHPS.2FTimLenoir.2FMilitaryEntertainmentComplex.htm-7] ttp://web.stanford.edu/dept/HPS/TimLenoir/MilitaryEntertainmentComplex.htm

[https:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fmirror.2Fmodel3emu.2Fblob.2Fmaster.2FSrc.2FModel3.2FModel3.h-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 https://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/Model3.h

[http:.2F.2Fwww.segatech.com.2Farchives.2Fjanuary1998.html-9] ttp://www.segatech.com/archives/january1998.html

[:File:TSPC603R_datasheet.pdf_p-10] 10.0 ^10.1 File:TSPC603R datasheet.pdf

[https:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fmirror.2Fmodel3emu.2Fblob.2Fmaster.2FSrc.2FModel3.2FModel3.cpp-11] 11.0 ^11.1 https://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/Model3.cpp

[.5Bhttp:.2F.2Ffarm6.staticflickr.com.2F5471.2F12172411045_18bfc5912f_c.jpg_Hideki_Sato_Sega_Interview_.28Edge.29.5D-12] 12.0 ^12.1 ^12.2 ^12.3 Hideki Sato Sega Interview (Edge)

[:File:GAL16V8B_datasheet.pdf_p-13] 13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 ^13.3 ^13.4 ^13.5 File:GAL16V8B datasheet.pdf

[:File:ST-103-R1-040194.pdf_p-14] File:ST-103-R1-040194.pdf

[:File:Sega_Service_Manual_-_Sega_Saturn_.28PAL.29_-_013-1_-_June_1995.pdf_p-15] File:Sega Service Manual - Sega Saturn (PAL) - 013-1 - June 1995.pdf

[:File:Model3_cpu1.jpg_p-16] File:Model3 cpu1.jpg

[:File:Real3DPro1000ProductDescription.pdf_p-17] 17.0 ^17.1 ^17.2 ^17.3 ^17.4 File:Real3DPro1000ProductDescription.pdf

[:File:Real3D100ArchitectureOverview.pdf_p-18] 18.0 ^18.1 ^18.2 File:Real3D100ArchitectureOverview.pdf

[https:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fmirror.2Fmodel3emu.2Fblob.2Fmaster.2FSrc.2FModel3.2FReal3D.cpp-19] ttps://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/Real3D.cpp

[https:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fmirror.2Fmodel3emu.2Fblob.2Fmaster.2FSrc.2FModel3.2FTileGen.cpp-20] ttps://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/TileGen.cpp

[:File:M5M410092B_datasheet.pdf_p-21] 21.0 ^21.1 File:M5M410092B datasheet.pdf

[:File:M5M410092FP_datasheet.pdf_p-22] 22.0 ^22.1 ^22.2 File:M5M410092FP datasheet.pdf

[http:.2F.2Fieeexplore.ieee.org.2Fiel1.2F4.2F10262.2F00482207.pdf-24] ttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel1/4/10262/00482207.pdf

[.5Bhttps:.2F.2Fweb.archive.org.2Fweb.2F20140329074554.2Fwww.vgamuseum.info.2Findex.php.2Fglossary.2FGlossary-1.2F3.2F3D-RAM-20.2F_3D-RAM.5D-33] 3D-RAM (Wayback Machine: 2014-03-29 07:45)

[.5Bhttps:.2F.2Fweb.archive.org.2Fweb.2F19980122143920.2Fwww.mitsubishichips.com.2Fproducts.2Fasmemory.2F3dram.2F3dramind.htm_3D-RAM.5D_.28.5B.5Bwikipedia:Mitsubishi.7CMitsubishi.5D.5D.29-37] 25.0 ^25.1 ^25.2 ^25.3 ^25.4 ^25.5 3D-RAM (Mitsubishi) (Wayback Machine: 1998-01-22 14:39)

[https:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fmamedev.2Fmame.2Fblob.2Fmaster.2Fsrc.2Fmame.2Fvideo.2Fmodel3.cpp-38] 26.0 ^26.1 ^26.2 https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/video/model3.cpp

[:File:M5M4V4169TP_datasheet.pdf_p-40] 27.0 ^27.1 ^27.2 File:M5M4V4169TP datasheet.pdf

[https:.2F.2Fgithub.com.2Fmirror.2Fmodel3emu.2Fblob.2Fmaster.2FSrc.2FModel3.2FReal3D.h-42] 28.0 ^28.1 ^28.2 https://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/Real3D.h

[:File:GameOn_US_06.pdf_p7-43] File:GameOn US 06.pdf, page 7

[:File:KM4132G271A_datasheet.pdf_p-44] 30.0 ^30.1 ^30.2 ^30.3 File:KM4132G271A datasheet.pdf

[:File:HM5241605_datasheet.pdf_p-45] File:HM5241605 datasheet.pdf

[:File:HM514270_datasheet.pdf_p-46] 32.0 ^32.1 ^32.2 File:HM514270 datasheet.pdf

[:File:N341256_datasheet.pdf_p-47] 33.0 ^33.1 ^33.2 File:N341256 datasheet.pdf

[:File:LH52B256_datasheet.pdf_p-48] 34.0 ^34.1 ^34.2 File:LH52B256 datasheet.pdf

[:File:DRAM_Technology.pdf_p-53] 35.0 ^35.1 File:DRAM Technology.pdf

[:File:MC88915_datasheet.pdf_p-59] 36.0 ^36.1 ^36.2 File:MC88915 datasheet.pdf

[:File:TC59S1616AFT_datasheet.pdf_p-70] 37.0 ^37.1 File:TC59S1616AFT datasheet.pdf

[:File:UPD4811650_datasheet.pdf_p-71] File:UPD4811650 datasheet.pdf

[http:.2F.2Fmamedb.com.2Fgame.2Fspikeofe-72] ttp://mamedb.com/game/spikeofe

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@@ Line 37: / Line 37: @@
 * Board Composition: CPU Board + VIDEO Board + ROM Board + Network/Communication Board + Security Board{{ref|https://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/Model3.h}}
 * Main [[wikipedia:Central processing unit|CPU]]: [[wikipedia:IBM|IBM]]-[[wikipedia:Motorola|Motorola]] [[wikipedia:PowerPC|PowerPC]] [[wikipedia:PowerPC 603e|603e]] @ 66&nbsp;MHz{{ref|http://www.segatech.com/archives/january1998.html}}
-** Capabilities: 64‑bit bus width, 32/64‑bit instructions/operations, 198&nbsp;[[wikipedia:Instructions per second|MIPS]],{{fileref|TSPC603R datasheet.pdf}} 132&nbsp;MFLOPS, direct high-speed access to main CROM (CPU ROM) on game ROM board{{ref|https://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/Model3.cpp}}{{ref|http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5471/12172411045_18bfc5912f_c.jpg}}
+** Capabilities: 64‑bit bus width, 32/64‑bit instructions/operations, 198&nbsp;[[wikipedia:Instructions per second|MIPS]],{{fileref|TSPC603R datasheet.pdf}} 132&nbsp;MFLOPS, direct high-speed access to main CROM (CPU ROM) on game ROM board{{ref|https://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/Model3.cpp}}{{ref|[http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5471/12172411045_18bfc5912f_c.jpg Hideki Sato Sega Interview (Edge)]}}
 * Network/Communication Board CPU: [[Motorola 68000]] (16/32‑bit) @ 12&nbsp;MHz (2.1 MIPS)
 * ROM Board [[wikipedia:Generic array logic|GAL]]: Sega 315-5983 (GAL16V8B) @ 100&nbsp;MHz{{fileref|GAL16V8B datasheet.pdf}}
@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 ** 14 core processors: 4×&nbsp;Mitsubishi 3D‑RAM ALU, 2×&nbsp;Geometry Engine ASIC, 2×&nbsp;Texture Processors, 2&nbsp;[[wikipedia:Direct memory access|DMA]] devices,{{ref|https://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/Real3D.cpp}} 2&nbsp;tile generators,{{ref|https://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/TileGen.cpp}} 2&nbsp;Fragment Processors
 ** 34 core units: 24 Mitsubishi 3D‑RAM ALU units, 2×&nbsp;Geometry Engine ASIC, 2×&nbsp;Texture Processors, 2&nbsp;DMA devices, 2&nbsp;tile generators, 2&nbsp;Fragment Processors
-* GPU [[wikipedia:Arithmetic logic unit|ALU]]: 4×&nbsp;[[wikipedia:Mitsubishi|Mitsubishi]] 3D‑RAM (33&nbsp;MHz, 2&nbsp;ALU per GPU){{fileref|M5M410092B datasheet.pdf}}{{fileref|M5M410092FP datasheet.pdf}}{{ref|http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel1/4/10262/00482207.pdf}}
+* GPU [[wikipedia:Arithmetic logic unit|ALU]]: 4×&nbsp;[[wikipedia:Mitsubishi|Mitsubishi]] 3D‑RAM{{ref|33&nbsp;MHz, 2&nbsp;ALU per GPU){{fileref|M5M410092B datasheet.pdf}}{{fileref|M5M410092FP datasheet.pdf}}|group=n}}{{ref|http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel1/4/10262/00482207.pdf}}
-** 24 core units: 16×&nbsp;8‑bit [[wikipedia:Render output unit|ROP]]/blend units <small>(33&nbsp;MHz, 4&nbsp;units per ALU)</small>, 8×&nbsp;32‑bit [[wikipedia:Z-buffering|Z‑compare]] units <small>(33&nbsp;MHz, 2&nbsp;units per ALU)</small>
+** 24 core units: 16×&nbsp;8‑bit [[wikipedia:Render output unit|ROP]]/blend units,{{ref|33&nbsp;MHz, 4&nbsp;units per ALU|group=n}} 8×&nbsp;32‑bit [[wikipedia:Z-buffering|Z‑compare]] units{{ref|33&nbsp;MHz, 2&nbsp;units per ALU|group=n}}
-** Functional blocks per ALU: 32‑bit Pixel ALU <small>(33&nbsp;MHz)</small>, 256‑bit Global Bus <small>(16&nbsp;MHz)</small>, 256/32‑bit triple-port [[SRAM]] [[wikipedia:Pixel buffer|Pixel Buffer]] cache <small>(16/33&nbsp;MHz)</small>, 1280‑bit <small>(2×&nbsp;640‑bit)</small> [[wikipedia:Sequential access memory|SAM]] Video Buffers <small>(27&nbsp;MHz)</small>, 128‑bit <small>(16×&nbsp;32‑bit)</small> dual-port DRAM banks <small>(16&nbsp;MHz)</small>
+** Functional blocks per ALU: 32‑bit Pixel ALU,{{ref|33&nbsp;MHz|group=n}} 256‑bit Global Bus,{{ref|16&nbsp;MHz|group=n}} 256/32‑bit triple-port [[SRAM]] [[wikipedia:Pixel buffer|Pixel Buffer]] cache,{{ref|16/33&nbsp;MHz|group=n}} 1280‑bit{{ref|2×&nbsp;640‑bit|group=n}} [[wikipedia:Sequential access memory|SAM]] Video Buffers,{{ref|27&nbsp;MHz|group=n}} 128‑bit{{ref|16×&nbsp;32‑bit|group=n}} dual-port DRAM banks{{ref|16&nbsp;MHz|group=n}}
 ** Features: Blending, depth check, stencil & raster operations,{{ref|[https://web.archive.org/web/20140329074554/www.vgamuseum.info/index.php/glossary/Glossary-1/3/3D-RAM-20/ 3D-RAM]}} [[wikipedia:Alpha blending|alpha blending]], [[wikipedia:Tiled rendering|tiled rendering]], 16/24/32‑bit [http://www.edge-online.com/features/brief-history-3d/3/ Z-buffering], [[wikipedia:Hidden surface determination|hidden surface removal]], 30-85 Hz refresh rate, OpenGL support
-** [[wikipedia:Framebuffer|Framebuffers]]: 320×200 to [[wikipedia:SXGA|1280×1024]] <small>(16/24/32‑bit)</small>, [[wikipedia:Z-buffering|Z-buffer]] <small>(16/24/32‑bit)</small>
+** [[wikipedia:Framebuffer|Framebuffers]]: 320×200 to [[wikipedia:SXGA|1280×1024]],{{ref|16/24/32‑bit|group=n}} [[wikipedia:Z-buffering|Z-buffer]]{{ref|16/24/32‑bit|group=n}}
-** Bus width: 1024‑bit <small>(4×&nbsp;256‑bit)</small> internal, 128‑bit <small>(4×&nbsp;32‑bit)</small> external
+** Bus width: 1024‑bit{{ref|4×&nbsp;256‑bit|group=n}} internal, 128‑bit{{ref|4×&nbsp;32‑bit|group=n}} external
 ** Performance: 528&nbsp;million operations/sec, 7&nbsp;million vectors/sec, 4&nbsp;million tiles/sec{{ref|[https://web.archive.org/web/19980122143920/www.mitsubishichips.com/products/asmemory/3dram/3dramind.htm 3D-RAM] ([[wikipedia:Mitsubishi|Mitsubishi]])}}
 * GPU Geometrizers: 2×&nbsp;Geometry Engine [[wikipedia:ASIC|ASIC]] (50&nbsp;MHz, 2×&nbsp;32‑bit floating-point units)
@@ Line 80: / Line 80: @@
 ** Capabilities: Full color [[wikipedia:Texture mapping|texture mapping]], [[wikipedia:Mipmap|mipmapping]], [[wikipedia:Texture mapping#Perspective correctness|perspective correction]], [[wikipedia:Texture filtering|texture filtering]], [[wikipedia:Trilinear filtering|Trilinear filtering]], [[wikipedia:Trilinear interpolation|trilinear interpolation]], trilinear mipmapping, mipmapped trilinear interpolation texture mapping algorithms, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130126073536/www.edge-online.com/features/brief-history-3d/3 reflection/environment mapping], 4‑bit to 24‑bit color per texture
 ** Texture sizes: 32×32 to 1024×1024 (mipmapped), 32×32 to 2048×2048 (non-mipmapped)
-** Texture RAM: 8&nbsp;MB <small>(16×&nbsp;512&nbsp;KB)</small> Mitsubishi CDRAM (Cached DRAM, 33&nbsp;MHz),{{fileref|M5M4V4169TP datasheet.pdf}} dual 2048×1024 texture sheets (4.2&nbsp;million [[texel]]s per frame)
+** Texture RAM: 8&nbsp;MB,{{ref|16×&nbsp;512&nbsp;KB|group=n}} Mitsubishi CDRAM,{{ref|Cached DRAM, 33&nbsp;MHz{{fileref|M5M4V4169TP datasheet.pdf}}|group=n}} dual 2048×1024 texture sheets (4.2&nbsp;million [[texel]]s per frame)
 * Display [[Resolution]]: 496×384 to [[wikipedia:480p|640x480]], [[wikipedia:Progressive scan|progressive scan]] (non-[[wikipedia:Interlaced video|interlaced]]), 24&nbsp;kHz [[wikipedia:Horizontal scan rate|horizontal sync]], one or two planes
 ** [[wikipedia:Refresh rate|Refresh rate]]: [https://github.com/mamedev/mame/blob/master/src/mame/drivers/model3.cpp 60&nbsp;Hz], 60 [[wikipedia:Frame rate|frames per second]]
@@ Line 94: / Line 94: @@
 ** Textured polygons: 100&nbsp;MPixels/s, with Gouraud shading, translucency, anti-aliasing, fog, lighting and Z-buffering{{fileref|Real3DPro1000ProductDescription.pdf}}
 * Texture Fillrate: 100&nbsp;[[Texel|MTexels/s]], 16&nbsp;million colored textures/sec{{fileref|Real3DPro1000ProductDescription.pdf}}
-* VROM Access: GPU has direct access to VROM (Video ROM) on game ROM board,{{ref|https://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/Real3D.h}} with fast [[wikipedia:Mask ROM|Mask ROM]] access speed allowing it to stream polygon/texture data directly from VROM{{ref|http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5471/12172411045_18bfc5912f_c.jpg}}
+* VROM Access: GPU has direct access to VROM (Video ROM) on game ROM board,{{ref|https://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/Real3D.h}} with fast [[wikipedia:Mask ROM|Mask ROM]] access speed allowing it to stream polygon/texture data directly from VROM{{ref|[http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5471/12172411045_18bfc5912f_c.jpg Hideki Sato Sega Interview (Edge)]}}
 * Hardware support: Motion capture{{fileref|GameOn US 06.pdf|page=7}}
 }}
@@ Line 117: / Line 117: @@
 ====Bandwidth====
 {{multicol|
-* Memory Bandwidth: 4.9&nbsp;GB/s <small>(3.8815&nbsp;GB/s RAM, 1.018&nbsp;GB/s ROM)</small>
+* Memory Bandwidth: 4.9&nbsp;GB/s{{ref|3.8815&nbsp;GB/s RAM, 1.018&nbsp;GB/s ROM|group=n}}
-** Video memory: 3.612&nbsp;GB/s <small>(3.212&nbsp;GB/s VRAM, 400&nbsp;MB/s VROM)</small>
+** Video memory: 3.612&nbsp;GB/s{{ref|3.212&nbsp;GB/s VRAM, 400&nbsp;MB/s VROM|group=n}}
 * RAM Bandwidth: 3.8815&nbsp;GB/s
-** Main RAM: 528&nbsp;MB/s <small>(64‑bit, 66&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|KM4132G271A datasheet.pdf}}
+** Main RAM: 528&nbsp;MB/s{{ref|64‑bit, 66&nbsp;MHz{{fileref|KM4132G271A datasheet.pdf}}|group=n}}
 ** VRAM: 3.212&nbsp;GB/s
-*** Framebuffers: 2.2&nbsp;GB/s <small>(1.1&nbsp;GB/s per GPU,{{fileref|Real3D100ArchitectureOverview.pdf}} 546&nbsp;MB/s per 3D-RAM)</small>{{ref|[https://web.archive.org/web/19980122143920/www.mitsubishichips.com/products/asmemory/3dram/3dramind.htm 3D-RAM] ([[wikipedia:Mitsubishi|Mitsubishi]])}}
+*** Framebuffers: 2.2&nbsp;GB/s{{ref|1.1&nbsp;GB/s per GPU,{{fileref|Real3D100ArchitectureOverview.pdf}} 546&nbsp;MB/s per 3D-RAM{{ref|[https://web.archive.org/web/19980122143920/www.mitsubishichips.com/products/asmemory/3dram/3dramind.htm 3D-RAM] ([[wikipedia:Mitsubishi|Mitsubishi]])}}|group=n}}
-*** Textures: 2.112&nbsp;GB/s <small>(8×&nbsp;264&nbsp;MB/s)</small>{{fileref|DRAM Technology.pdf}}
+*** Textures: 2.112&nbsp;GB/s{{ref|8×&nbsp;264&nbsp;MB/s{{fileref|DRAM Technology.pdf}}|group=n}}
-** Sound RAM: 88.888889&nbsp;MB/s <small>(2×&nbsp;16‑bit, 22.222222&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|HM514270 datasheet.pdf}}
+** Sound RAM: 88.888889&nbsp;MB/s{{ref|2×&nbsp;16‑bit, 22.222222&nbsp;MHz{{fileref|HM514270 datasheet.pdf}}|group=n}}
 ** Other RAM: 52.571429&nbsp;MB/s
-*** Backup NVRAM: 28.571428&nbsp;MB/s <small>(16‑bit, 14.285714&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|LH52B256 datasheet.pdf}}
+*** Backup NVRAM: 28.571428&nbsp;MB/s{{ref|16‑bit, 14.285714&nbsp;MHz{{fileref|LH52B256 datasheet.pdf}}|group=n}}
-*** Network/Communication Board: 24&nbsp;MB/s <small>(16‑bit, 12&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|N341256 datasheet.pdf}}
+*** Network/Communication Board: 24&nbsp;MB/s{{ref|16‑bit, 12&nbsp;MHz{{fileref|N341256 datasheet.pdf}}|group=n}}
 * ROM Bandwidth: 1.018&nbsp;GB/s
-** CROM: 528&nbsp;MB/s <small>(64‑bit, 66&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|GAL16V8B datasheet.pdf}}
+** CROM: 528&nbsp;MB/s{{ref|64‑bit, 66&nbsp;MHz{{fileref|GAL16V8B datasheet.pdf}}|group=n}}
-** VROM: 400&nbsp;MB/s <small>(2×&nbsp;32‑bit,{{ref|https://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/Real3D.h}} 50&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|MC88915 datasheet.pdf}}
+** VROM: 400&nbsp;MB/s{{ref|2×&nbsp;32‑bit,{{ref|https://github.com/mirror/model3emu/blob/master/Src/Model3/Real3D.h}} 50&nbsp;MHz{{fileref|MC88915 datasheet.pdf}}|group=n}}
-** SROM: 90.4&nbsp;MB/s <small>(2×&nbsp;16‑bit, 22.6&nbsp;MHz)</small>
+** SROM: 90.4&nbsp;MB/s{{ref|2×&nbsp;16‑bit, 22.6&nbsp;MHz|group=n}}
-** Note: High-speed access allows ROM to effectively be used as RAM, and polygon/texture data streamed directly from VROM to the GPU.{{ref|http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5471/12172411045_18bfc5912f_c.jpg}}
+** Note: High-speed access allows ROM to effectively be used as RAM, and polygon/texture data streamed directly from VROM to the GPU.{{ref|[http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5471/12172411045_18bfc5912f_c.jpg Hideki Sato Sega Interview (Edge)]}}
 }}
@@ Line 162: / Line 162: @@
 ====Bandwidth====
 {{multicol|
-* Memory Bandwidth: 6.6&nbsp;GB/s <small>(5.1813&nbsp;GB/s RAM, 1.4184&nbsp;GB/s ROM)</small>
+* Memory Bandwidth: 6.6&nbsp;GB/s{{ref|5.1813&nbsp;GB/s RAM, 1.4184&nbsp;GB/s ROM|group=n}}
-** Video memory: 4.8&nbsp;GB/s <small>(4.23984&nbsp;GB/s VRAM, 528&nbsp;MB/s VROM)</small>
+** Video memory: 4.8&nbsp;GB/s{{ref|4.23984&nbsp;GB/s VRAM, 528&nbsp;MB/s VROM|group=n}}
 * RAM Bandwidth: 5.1813&nbsp;GB/s
-** Main RAM: 800&nbsp;MB/s <small>(64‑bit, 100&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|KM4132G271A datasheet.pdf}}
+** Main RAM: 800&nbsp;MB/s{{ref|64‑bit, 100&nbsp;MHz{{fileref|KM4132G271A datasheet.pdf}}|group=n}}
 ** VRAM: 4.23984&nbsp;GB/s
 ** Sound RAM: 88.888889&nbsp;MB/s
 ** Other RAM: 52.571429&nbsp;MB/s
 * ROM Bandwidth: 1.4184&nbsp;GB/s
-** CROM: 800&nbsp;MB/s <small>(64‑bit, 100&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|GAL16V8B datasheet.pdf}}
+** CROM: 800&nbsp;MB/s{{ref|64‑bit, 100&nbsp;MHz{{fileref|GAL16V8B datasheet.pdf}}|group=n}}
-** VROM: 528&nbsp;MB/s <small>(2×&nbsp;32‑bit, 66&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|MC88915 datasheet.pdf}}
+** VROM: 528&nbsp;MB/s{{ref|2×&nbsp;32‑bit, 66&nbsp;MHz{{fileref|MC88915 datasheet.pdf}}|group=n}}
-** SROM: 90.4&nbsp;MB/s <small>(2×&nbsp;16‑bit, 22.6&nbsp;MHz)</small>
+** SROM: 90.4&nbsp;MB/s{{ref|2×&nbsp;16‑bit, 22.6&nbsp;MHz|group=n}}
 }}
@@ Line 187: / Line 187: @@
 ** 120 core units: 90 Mitsubishi 3D‑RAM ALU units, 2×&nbsp;Geometry Engine ASIC, 2×&nbsp;Texture Processors, 2&nbsp;DMA devices, 2&nbsp;tile generators, 2&nbsp;Fragment Processors
 * GPU ALU: 15×&nbsp;Mitsubishi 3D‑RAM (33&nbsp;MHz, 2-3 ALU per GPU){{fileref|M5M410092B datasheet.pdf}}
-** 90 core units: 60×&nbsp;8‑bit ROP/blend units <small>(33&nbsp;MHz)</small>, 30×&nbsp;32‑bit Z‑compare units <small>(33&nbsp;MHz)</small>
+** 90 core units: 60×&nbsp;8‑bit ROP/blend units,{{ref|33&nbsp;MHz|group=n}} 30×&nbsp;32‑bit Z‑compare units{{ref|33&nbsp;MHz|group=n}}
-** Bus width: 3840‑bit <small>(15×&nbsp;256‑bit)</small> internal, 960‑bit <small>(15×&nbsp;32‑bit)</small> external
+** Bus width: 3840‑bit{{ref|15×&nbsp;256‑bit|group=n}} internal, 960‑bit{{ref|15×&nbsp;32‑bit|group=n}} external
 ** Performance: 1.98&nbsp;billion operations/sec, 15&nbsp;million tiles/sec{{ref|[https://web.archive.org/web/19980122143920/www.mitsubishichips.com/products/asmemory/3dram/3dramind.htm 3D-RAM] ([[wikipedia:Mitsubishi|Mitsubishi]])}}
 * GPU Geometrizers: 6×&nbsp;Geometry Engine ASIC (50&nbsp;MHz, 6×&nbsp;32‑bit floating-point units)
@@ Line 202: / Line 202: @@
 ** Textured polygons: 300&nbsp;MPixels/s, with Gouraud shading, translucency, anti-aliasing, fog, lighting and Z-buffering
 * Texture Fillrate: 300&nbsp;MTexels/s
-* Texture RAM: 21&nbsp;MB <small>(42×&nbsp;512&nbsp;KB)</small> on-board Mitsubishi CDRAM <small>(33&nbsp;MHz)</small>
+* Texture RAM: 21&nbsp;MB{{ref|42×&nbsp;512&nbsp;KB|group=n}} on-board Mitsubishi CDRAM{{ref|33&nbsp;MHz|group=n}}
 }}
@@ Line 216: / Line 216: @@
 *** Sound RAM: 1096&nbsp;KB (1&nbsp;MB DRAM)
 *** Other RAM: 320&nbsp;KB
-* [[ROM]]: Up to 260.625&nbsp;MB (128&nbsp;MB CROM, 100&nbsp;MB VROM,{{ref|http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5471/12172411045_18bfc5912f_c.jpg}} 32.625&nbsp;MB SROM){{ref|http://mamedb.com/game/spikeofe}}
+* [[ROM]]: Up to 260.625&nbsp;MB (128&nbsp;MB CROM, 100&nbsp;MB VROM,{{ref|[http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5471/12172411045_18bfc5912f_c.jpg Hideki Sato Sega Interview (Edge)]}} 32.625&nbsp;MB SROM){{ref|http://mamedb.com/game/spikeofe}}
 }}
 ====Bandwidth====
 {{multicol|
-* Memory Bandwidth: 13.4&nbsp;GB/s <small>(11.998127&nbsp;GB/s RAM, 1.4&nbsp;GB/s ROM)</small>
+* Memory Bandwidth: 13.4&nbsp;GB/s{{ref|11.998127&nbsp;GB/s RAM, 1.4&nbsp;GB/s ROM|group=n}}
-** Video memory: 11.8&nbsp;GB/s <small>(11.19&nbsp;GB/s VRAM, 560&nbsp;MB/s VROM)</small>
+** Video memory: 11.8&nbsp;GB/s{{ref|11.19&nbsp;GB/s VRAM, 560&nbsp;MB/s VROM|group=n}}
 * RAM Bandwidth: 11.998127&nbsp;GB/s
-** Main RAM: 666.666666&nbsp;MB/s <small>(64‑bit, 83.333333&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|TC59S1616AFT datasheet.pdf}}
+** Main RAM: 666.666666&nbsp;MB/s{{ref|64‑bit, 83.333333&nbsp;MHz{{fileref|TC59S1616AFT datasheet.pdf}}|group=n}}
 ** VRAM: 11.19&nbsp;GB/s
-*** Framebuffers: 8.19&nbsp;GB/s <small>(546&nbsp;MB/s per 3D-RAM)</small>
+*** Framebuffers: 8.19&nbsp;GB/s{{ref|546&nbsp;MB/s per 3D-RAM|group=n}}
-*** Textures: 3&nbsp;GB/s <small>(12×&nbsp;264&nbsp;MB/s)</small>{{fileref|DRAM Technology.pdf}}
+*** Textures: 3&nbsp;GB/s{{ref|12×&nbsp;264&nbsp;MB/s{{fileref|DRAM Technology.pdf}}|group=n}}
-** Sound RAM: 88.888889&nbsp;MB/s <small>(2×&nbsp;16‑bit, 22.222222&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|HM514270 datasheet.pdf}}
+** Sound RAM: 88.888889&nbsp;MB/s{{ref|2×&nbsp;16‑bit, 22.222222&nbsp;MHz{{fileref|HM514270 datasheet.pdf}}|group=n}}
 ** Other RAM: 52.571429&nbsp;MB/s
-*** Backup NVRAM: 28.571428&nbsp;MB/s <small>(16‑bit, 14.285714&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|LH52B256 datasheet.pdf}}
+*** Backup NVRAM: 28.571428&nbsp;MB/s{{ref|16‑bit, 14.285714&nbsp;MHz{{fileref|LH52B256 datasheet.pdf}}|group=n}}
-*** Network/Communication Board: 24&nbsp;MB/s <small>(16‑bit, 12&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|N341256 datasheet.pdf}}
+*** Network/Communication Board: 24&nbsp;MB/s{{ref|16‑bit, 12&nbsp;MHz{{fileref|N341256 datasheet.pdf}}|group=n}}
 * ROM Bandwidth: 1.4&nbsp;GB/s
-** CROM: 800&nbsp;MB/s <small>(64‑bit, 100&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|GAL16V8B datasheet.pdf}}
+** CROM: 800&nbsp;MB/s{{ref|64‑bit, 100&nbsp;MHz{{fileref|GAL16V8B datasheet.pdf}}|group=n}}
-** VROM: 560&nbsp;MB/s <small>(2×&nbsp;32‑bit, 70&nbsp;MHz)</small>{{fileref|MC88915 datasheet.pdf}}
+** VROM: 560&nbsp;MB/s{{ref|2×&nbsp;32‑bit, 70&nbsp;MHz{{fileref|MC88915 datasheet.pdf}}|group=n}}
-** SROM: 90.4&nbsp;MB/s <small>(2×&nbsp;16‑bit, 22.6&nbsp;MHz)</small>
+** SROM: 90.4&nbsp;MB/s{{ref|2×&nbsp;16‑bit, 22.6&nbsp;MHz|group=n}}
 }}

Difference between revisions of "Sega Model 3"

From Sega Retro

Revision as of 10:18, 30 November 2016

Contents

History

Technical Specifications

Step 1.0 Specifications

Sound

Graphics

Memory

Bandwidth

Step 1.5 Specifications

Graphics

Bandwidth

Step 2.0 Specifications

Graphics

Memory

Bandwidth

Step 2.1 Specifications

Hardware Images

List of Games

Step 1.0

Step 1.5

Step 2.0

Step 2.1

Magazine articles

References