Mega Drive region converter cartridges

The Sega Mega Drive was Sega's first console to offer games which were region locked, i.e. cartridges which can only be played on specific regional hardware. To overcome this problem one solution was to use a Mega Drive Region Converter.

From a Sega perspective there are three "main" regions - NTSC-J, the format used for consoles in Japan, NTSC-U, the format used in North America, and PAL, used in Europe and Australia. Other regions would pick one of the three formats - Brazil typically went for NTSC-U and Asia used a mixture of PAL and NTSC depending on the country. There are other forms of region locking too - Japanese cartridges are a different shape than their western counterparts and won't physically fit in some consoles (similar to the "region locking" of the Sega Master System).

Traditionally this means a game intended for use with a North American Sega Genesis could not work on a European Sega Mega Drive. There are, in fact, many exceptions to this rule as not all software was region locked on the system, but in many cases there was still an obstruction. Region encoding would generally have a greater impact with the Sega Mega-CD, Sega Saturn and Sega Dreamcast - in the early 1990s few people contemplated the idea of importing games as there were often no easy methods of doing so.

There are no official Mega Drive region converters but numerous unlicensed third party ones. Most typically originate from Asia where there was far less regulation on this sort of thing and numerous television standards between countries. In all cases a region converter is inserted into a Mega Drive system in-between the console and game cartridge, forming a "tower" (and avoiding sizing issues in the process). Some region converters have switches to toggle between regions, while others merely convert to a specific region.

In no cases do Mega Drive region converters solve coding issues. For example, a game designed for 60Hz NTSC televisions will run roughly 17% slower on a 50Hz PAL television due to the difference in refresh rate (and likewise a European game running on an NTSC TV will likely run too fast). Resolutions can also differ - PAL Mega Drives can in theory display 320x240 images while NTSC ones can only achieve 320x224, though very few games take advantage of the extra sixteen rows of pixels.

It should be noted that some devices such as the Game Genie can also act as region converters. More recent consoles by AtGames have region converting features built in (and of course there is always the option of modifying the internals of the console manually.)

Magazine articles

Main article: Mega Drive region converter cartridges/Magazine articles.

Physical scans

Box	Name	Brand	Date & Price	Images	Documentation
	Professional Universal Adapter	Datel	UK: (≥ 1991)
	Universal Adapter	Datel	UK: (≥ 1991)
	Universal Adapter	Datel	UK: (≥ 1991)
	Nitro Adaptor	Fire	(≥ 1990)
	Nitro Adaptor 2	Fire	(≥ 1990)
	Mega Key	Freetron	(≥ 1990)
	Mega Key	Freetron	(≥ 1990)
	Mega Key 2	Freetron	(≥ 1990)
	Mega Key	Gold Dragon	(≥ 1990)
	Game Adaptor	Honey Bee	(≥ 1990)
	Game Adaptor(?)	Honey Bee	(≥ 1990)
	Memory Module	Megacom	(≥ 1991)
	Memory Module	Megacom	(≥ 1991)
	Memory Module	Megacom	(≥ 1991)
	Super Mega Key	Realtec	(≥ 1990)
	Video Game Cartridge Converter	Realtec	(1992)
	Code Buster	??	(≥ 1990)
	Game Adaptor (or Mega Adaptor)	??	(≥ 1990)	SE-16B SE-16B (Alt)
	Game Module & Protector	??	(≥ 1990)
	Game Module & Protector	??	(≥ 1990)
	Game Module & Protector II	??	(≥ 1993)
	Magic Key III	??	(≥ 1990)
	Mega Converter	??	(≥ 1990)
	Mega Converter	??	(≥ 1990)
	MegaDrive Converter	??	(≥ 1990)
	Mega Key	??	(≥ 1990)
	Mega Key	??	(≥ 1990)
	Mega Key 2	??	(≥ 1990)
	Mega Key 3	??	(≥ 1990)
	Mega Key (Portuguese)	??	(≥ 1990)
	Super Key	??	(≥ 1990)	AC-3000
	TV Game Computer Cartridge Converter	??	(≥ 1990)
	Bitman Mega Key	Bitman	(≥ 1994)