TradeMark Security System
From Sega Retro
The TradeMark Security System (TMSS) is a feature of Sega Mega Drive motherboards. It is the first thing to be executed when turning on the console, displaying a copyright notice before executing the currently inserted cartridge. Early Mega Drive models generally do not have this feature.
Contents
Purpose
Evidence suggests TMSS was originally intended as a region lockout system for the Mega Drive to keep Japanese games from running on foreign systems: the only games that intentionally omitted TMSS support were many early Japanese games (and two later ones); the few international games that omitted support did so due to development issues. Sega's official developer manual also refers to the system as the "US security code". However, this notion appears to have been dropped quickly, as early international models lack the feature and Japanese ROMs started shipping TMSS-compliant in mid-1989 (though the Sega Channel BIOS is an anomaly). TMSS was eventually implemented into Japanese Mega Drive consoles beginning around late 1991/early 1992.
In the US, it was eventually used to ensure games which were unlicensed by Sega (and thus not receiving the Sega Seal of Quality, which was attainable through a fee paid to Sega) were not playable. Though TMSS was not produced in whole until late 1992/early 1993, the necessary code was in programmer documentation as far back as 1989. Some early games that did not implement TMSS in full consequently did not work in newer board revisions.
TMSS works by simply requiring instances of the SEGA trademark to appear in various memory locations (see below). Should an unlicensed game appear on the market, Sega could exert its rights over the SEGA trademark and sue the developer for trademark infringement.
The legality of this system was challenged in the United States by Accolade in the court case SEGA vs. Accolade, which ruled in Accolade's favor. The verdict set a precedent that copyrights do not extend to non-expressive content in software that is required by another system to be present in order for that system to run the software. While the system was never challenged elsewhere, Sega did not enforce it after the Accolade case, and consequently several unlicensed game developers started popping up.
In order for software to run on a Mega Drive/Genesis with TMSS, the software must do two things:
- Have either the longword whose bytes represent ASCII string "SEGA" in big endian at ROM address 100 OR the five bytes "SEGA" at the same address — this is checked by the TMSS ROM and is the source of the "Produced By or Under License From Sega Enterprises Ltd." message.
- Write a long word containing "SEGA" (all caps) to address 00A14000 before accessing the VDP data port (00C00000). If the game fails to do this, the next VDP data port access will cause the 68000 to lock up — this is done by the I/O controller.
- The sample code in the official programmer documentation has this part skipped on boards that report themselves as revision 0 (byte at 00A10001 & F); the effect of doing this write on a revision 0 board is unknown.
However, there are ways that the user can bypass TMSS for software that don't support it, such as by using a pass-through cartridge like the Game Genie.
Absolute Entertainment, for some reason, faked the TMSS screen if it detected a non-TMSS board on all their Mega Drive games (including BattleTech, which was published under the Extreme Entertainment Group label which they had recently purchased from Micronet).
Patents
US5155768[1]
Known games without support
- This list is incomplete; please add to it if you find something missing.
Official
- Space Harrier II — Japanese launch cartridges (skips step 2)
- Super Thunder Blade — Japanese launch cartridges (skips step 2)
- Juuouki — Japanese cartridges with revision 0 (skips step 2)
- Osomatsu-kun Hachamecha Gekijou — All cartridges (skips step 2)
- Alex Kidd: Tenkuu Majou — All Japanese cartridges (skips step 2)
- Phantasy Star II: Kaerazaru Toki no Owari ni — All Japanese cartridges (skips step 2)
- Super Daisenryaku — All cartridges (skips step 2)
- Budokan: The Martial Spirit — All US cartridges (skips both steps)
- Populous — All US cartridges (skips both steps)
- Zany Golf — All cartridges with revision 0 (skips both steps)
- After Burner II — All Japanese cartridges (skips step 2)
- Sega Channel (Japanese version) — All cartridges (skips step 1)
Unofficial/unlicensed games
- Ishido: The Way of Stones — All cartridges
- Onslaught — All cartridges
- Divine Sealing — All cartridges (skips step 2)
Hidden content
- Main article: TradeMark Security System/Hidden content.
Screenshots
Technical information
- Main article: TradeMark Security System/Technical information.
References