Virtua Fighter

n/a

Virtua Fighter
System(s): Sega Model 1, Sega 32X, Sega Saturn
Publisher: Sega
Developer: Sega AM2 Sega CS
Sound driver: SCSP/CD-DA (18 tracks)
Peripherals supported: Six Button Control Pad
Genre: Fighting Action/Kakutou Action (格闘アクション), Action
Number of players: 1-2
Release Date RRP Code JP 1993-12 ¥900,000 ? US 1993 $? ? UK 1993-10 £6,000 ? JP 1994-11-22 ¥8,8008,800 GS-9001 US 1995-05-11 81005 EU 1995-07-08 MK81005-50 DE 1995-07-08 MK81005-50 PT 1995 STJ81005 PL 1996 209zł209 AU 1995 FSAT01SSS BR 1995-08-30 193016 AS 199x 670-5835 JP 1995-10-20 ¥7,8007,800 GM-4013 US 1995-10-10 $69.9969.99 84701 EU 1995-11-30 MK84701-50 ES 1995-11-30 19,900Ptas19,900 MK84701-50 UK 1995-11-30 £49.9949.99 MK84701-50 AU 199x FVIR07SXC BR 199x 153020

Virtua Fighter (バーチャファイター) is a fighting game developed by Sega AM2 and published by Sega for Sega Model 1 arcade hardware in 1993. It is the first game in the Virtua Fighter series. It is often cited as being the first fully 3D fighting game released to the general public, and is a basis for almost all subsequent games in the genre.

It was an influential game in the development of 3D polygon graphics, popularizing it among a wider audience (along with Virtua Racing), demonstrating 3D human character models effectively, with realistic movement and physics, creating the basic template for 3D fighting games (such as Tekken, Soul and Dead or Alive), and playing a key role in the development of early fifth-generation consoles (the Sega Saturn and Sony PlayStation). It was followed by a 1994 sequel, Virtua Fighter 2.

Story

While much of the first Virtua Fighter's story would be retroactively filled in by newer games and merchandise, the basic premise of the first game is that martial artist Akira Yuki, specialising in the forgotten art form of "Hakkyoku-ken" enters the World Fighting Tournament, in an attempt to be recognised as the greatest fighter in the world.

Gameplay

Virtua Fighter is a versus fighting game, pitting two of nine characters against each other in a three-dimensional arena to fight until one is "knocked out" (over the best of three fights, or "sets"). The game utilises an eight-way control stick and three buttons,  BL  ("Defense" (guard/block)), P ("Punch") and K ("Kick"). Simple button combinations will trigger special attacks - players win if their opponent's life bar is depleted, falls off the edge of the ring, or has less health when the in-game timer reaches 0.

Virtua Fighter takes a more realistic approach to combat than many of its popular 2D rivals from the likes of Capcom or SNK, with characters using real world fighting techniques (as opposed to genre-defining Street Fighter II which arms characters with fictional chi-based special attacks and projectiles). It is a slower-paced game as a result, though with hundreds of moves and a computer able to adapt to the player's fighting powers, a more tactical fighter than others on the market. Where this does not apply in the original Virtua Fighter (and its sequel) is the jumping mechanics, with characters being able to jump twice their body height (as was the case in other fighting games of the time).

While fights take place in a 3D arena, players can only manipulate their characters in two dimensions. Movement on the third dimension is dictated by the movesets of opposing characters, however regardless of orientation on the ring, fighters will always face each other head-on and the control scheme will never change. While considered a milestone in real-time 3D graphics, the 3D has limitations, with every arena being a flat square and backgrounds 2D in nature. It also operates with a refresh rate of only 30FPS - half that of Virtua Racing (and Virtua Fighter 2).

Unique to Virtua Fighter upon release was the concept of characters receiving "damage". If hit with a barrage of attacks, loose items of clothing (for example, Pai's hat or Kage's mask) will fall off and lie on the arena floor until the match is over. This feature makes no difference to gameplay, but would become a staple in many of Sega's fighting games going forward.

In the original arcade mode, the player must fight against (in order), Jacky, Jeffry, Sarah, Kage, Pai, Wolf, Lau and finally Dural.

Characters

Virtua Fighter contains eight characters each employing a different fighting style. A ninth character, Dural, is not readily available to players.

As well as detailing their careers and hobbies, Virtua Fighter also lists the character's blood type, which in Japanese culture can determine one's personality.

Virtua Fighter claims to feature over 700 moves, many of which were left undocumented for players to find.

Note: Move lists assume the player is standing, facing right. If facing left, and should be reversed.

	Akira Yuki
	Akira is a 25-year-old kung-fu teacher with blood type O. Akira is largely considered the "star" of Virtua Fighter, featuring predominantly on cover art. Move list Name Command Description
	Pai Chan
	Pai is an 18-year-old "action star" whose hobbies include dancing. She has blood type O. Move list Name Command Description
	Lau Chan
	Lau, father of Pai, is a 53-year-old Chinese cook. He has blood type B and enjoys Chinese poetry. During development, Lau was known as both "Lee" and "Tao". Move list Name Command Description
	Wolf Hawkfield
	Wolf is a 27-year-old Canadian wrestler who enjoys karaoke. He has blood type O. Move list Name Command Description Running Clothesline P Dashing Shoulder P Knee K Uppercut P Backfall  BL  P Body Slam P Crucifix Piledriver P K Twirl & Hurl P Double Arm Suplex P K  BL  German Suplex  BL  P Single Punch + Roundhouse P K Running Punches P P P Knee + Uppercut K P
	Jeffry Mcwild
	Jeffry is a 36-year-old fisherman from Australia who enjoys reggae music. He has blood type A. Curiously, Jeffry's prototype name was Dural, a name re-assigned to the final character of the game. He was also briefly known as "Willy". Move list Name Command Description Knee K Uppercut P Dashing Uppercut P Toe Kick K P Power Slam P Body Press P Crucifix Piledriver P K Backbreaker  BL  P Knee + Running Uppercuts K P P Running Punches P P P Punch + Roundhouse P K
	Kagemaru
	Kagemaru (or just Kage) is a 21-year-old ninja who plays mahjong for a hobby. He has blood type B. Kage was originally known as Yagyu during development. Move list Name Command Description
	Sarah Bryant
	Sarah is a 20-year-old female college student from the United States. She enjoys sky diving and has blood type AB. In earlier versions of the game, Sarah's name was spelt without the "h" (i.e. "Sara"). Move list Name Command Description
	Jacky Bryant
	Jacky, older brother of Sarah is a 22-year-old male from the United States. He is a Indy car racer by trade and of blood type A. Originally Jacky's name was spelt with an "ie" (Jackie). This was changed for the final version. Move list Name Command Description
	Dural
	Dural is the last fighter, being an amalgamation of all the other Virtua Fighter fighters. Move list Name Command Description

History

Development

Main article: Virtua Fighter/Development.

Impact

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Up until that time, fighting games (such as Capcom's Street Fighter series) were designed and rendered on sprite-based 2D graphics hardware—both the character animation and background scenery were composed of 2D sprites and tilemaps, which when using multiple layers produced a parallax scrolling effect as the screen moved to follow the characters. Virtua Fighter dispensed with the 2D graphics, replacing them with flat-shaded triangles rendered in real-time, using the Sega Model 1's 3D rendering hardware, allowing for effects and technologies that were impossible in sprite-based fighters, such as characters that could move left and right rather than just backwards and forwards, and a dynamic camera that could zoom, pan, and swoop dramatically around the arena. The game had a more realistic take on the genre, attempting to represent actual martial arts disciplines, making it more of a fighting simulation.

Virtua Fighter's graphics, however, eventually became obsolete due to rapid advances in polygon technology that allowed for rounder, more detailed, textured, higher-polygon-count character models, as seen in Virtua Fighter 2. Nevertheless, Virtua Fighter forever revolutionized the fighting game genre, introducing a more realistic style of gameplay to the genre with its move to 3D.

Legacy

Virtua Fighter was a phenomenal success for Sega, particularly in Japan which was already consumed by arcade game fighting culture. After a slow start, it became one of Japan's highest-grossing arcade games of all time. Its success has guaranteed future entries in the franchise ever since, and is amongst Sega AM2's most recognisable products.

Virtua Fighter was followed by Virtua Fighter 2 in 1994, which sports significantly improved visuals and two new characters. AM2's Seiichi Ishii would also leave following his work on this game to create Tekken for Namco, seen as an important competitor to Virtua Fighter during the 1990s.

Likewise, programmer Francois Yves Bertrand (credited as F.Y. Bertrand) was headhunted by Atari Corporation and put to work on the Atari Jaguar 3D fighting game, Fight for Life, cited as being a killer app for the system designed to rival the PlayStation and Saturn consoles (though mismanagement at the company led to an unfinished build being released).

Virtua Fighter was adapted into a comic book, published by Marvel Comics. It was released in May 1995, to coincide with the Sega Saturn's North American launch.

Virtua Fighter had been given some representation in the Super Smash Bros. series. In Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS / Wii U, Mii Fighter costumes based on Jacky Bryant and Akira Yuki were added to the game as paid DLC, with the Jacky costume being based on his Virtua Fighter 5 appearance, and the Akira costume being based on his appearance in the original game. Akira himself would later appear in Super Smash Bros. Ultimate as an Assist Trophy, using his polygonal look from this game.

Versions

As a milestone for both Sega and the fighting game genre as a whole, Virtua Fighter was widely tipped for release on the Sega Saturn console. A port was developed in conjunction with the hardware and was released in Japan as a launch title (before becoming the pack-in game for the subsequent North American and European launches of the console).

Views on the Saturn version are generally mixed, as while its existence led to Sega's console out-selling the PlayStation during its first few months of sale in Japan, it quickly became apparent that the port had been rushed to market with severe graphical and technical issues. Although the disc comes paired with higher quality arranged music inspired by the arcade soundtrack, polygon counts are significantly lower, five-second load times interrupt fights and the screen resolution is reduced over the arcade game.

On the Saturn, Virtua Fighter has issues rendering 3D content, with flickering polygons overlapping in odd ways (some of which occasionally disappear entirely), and animation issues, including an infamous bug where certain characters' feet to point in the wrong direction during their winning poses. The jerky camera of the arcade version is also carried over from the arcade game, and in some situations can behave worse than its arcade counterpart. Similar technical issues would be witnessed in Daytona USA, also created in parallel with the hardware.

By the time of the Western release in mid-1995, Virtua Fighter compared unfavourably to other early Saturn/PlayStation fighting games, such as Battle Arena Toshinden. In response, Sega released Virtua Fighter Remix shortly before the Winter launch of Virtua Fighter 2, which addresses some of the concerns and textures the 3D models. Virtua Fighter Remix quickly became the de facto version of Virtua Fighter, being the new console pack-in and the basis for Virtua Fighter PC.

A version of Virtua Fighter was also released for the Sega 32X, which in Japan debuted after the Saturn version (but before the Saturn version in other territories). Originally planned to be a Sega Neptune launch title, it suffers from even lower polygon counts than the Saturn version and various other cutbacks, but is otherwise relatively faithful to the original, subsequently being cited as one of the better games for the system. While the 32X renders fewer polygons at any one time, they are generally more "stable", with clipping and flickering being mostly absent from port (although some animation issues still remain). It is also the only 32X game with support for 16:9 widescreen displays.

Both home versions of the game added a "Round-Robin" tournament mode.

Ports for mobile phones also exist.

Production credits

Arcade version

• Main Programmer: Toru Ikebuchi
• Coordinator / Main Designer: Seiichi Ishii
• Programmers: Shin Kimura, Takeshi Suzuki, Eisuke Miura, Kazuhiko Yamada, Masahiko Kobayashi, Naomi Ota, F.Y. Bertrand, Tetsuya Kaku
• Designers: Kunihiko Nakata, Youji Kato, Toshiya Inoue, Yoshinao Asako, Masataka Aochi, Tomohiro Ishii, Jeffery Buchanan, Mika Kojima
• Program Supports: Keiji Okayasu, Hiroaki Shoji
• Music Composer: Takayuki Nakamura
• Planning Support: Manabu Tsukamoto
• Producer and Director: Yu Suzuki

Source:

In-game credits

Saturn version

• Main Programmer: Keiji Okayasu
• Programmers: Tetsuya Sugimoto, Hiroaki Shoji, Motoi Kaneko, Jun-ichi Ishito
• Designers: Yoshinao Asako, Youji Kato, Ryoya Yui
• Sound Designers: Takayuki Nakamura, Takenobu Mitsuyoshi, Kazuhiko Kouchi
• Thanks: Yutaka Nishino, Hideya Shibazaki, Takayuki Yamaguchi, Kazuo Otani, Sega Digital Studio
• Producer: Yu Suzuki

Source:

In-game credits (JP)

• Producer: Eric Rawlins
• Marketing:
  • Marketing Zealot: Tim Dunley
  • Marketing Crusader: Doria Sanchez
• Product Specialist: Nemer Valasquez
• Lead Tester: Maria Tuzzo
• Asst. Leads: Joel Breton, Phil Co
• Testers: Michael Baldwin, Joe Cain, Don Carmichael, Ed Chanault, Janine Cook, Ben Cureton, Arnold Feener, Len Jung, Jeff Junio, Jeff Loney, Chris Lucich, Lance Nelson, Eric Simonich, Mark Subotnick, David Wood
• ESRB Co-ordinator: Blair Bullock
• Special Thanks: Suzuki Yu, James Spahn, Osamu Shibamiya, Steve Payne, Yukimi Shimura, Keiko Irino
• Manual: Wendy Dinsmore & Eric Rawlins
• Virtua Fighter produced by: AM R&D Dept.#2

Source:

US manual

32X version

• Producer: Kouichi Nagata
• Programmers: Eiji Horita, Akio Setsumasa, Tatsuo Yamajiri, Yasuhiro Takahashi
• Designer: Masashi Kubo
• Sound Designers: Masaru Setsumaru, Tatsuya Kohzaki, Atsumu Miyazawa, Tadashi Joukagi
• Planner: Hideki Anbo
• Special Thanks: Yu Suzuki, Keiji Okayasu, Toshiya Inoue, Tetsuya Sugimoto, Yutaka Nishino, Hiroaki Shoji, Takeshi Suzuki, Yoshinao Asako, Youji Kato, Ryoya Yui, Manabu Tsukamoto, Saturn V.F Team, Ryoichi Hasegawa
• For SOA: Michael B. Latham, Eric Quakenbush, Erik Wahlberg, Bill Person, France Tantiado, Terry Tang

Source:

In-game credits

• Special Thanks: Joe Miller, Steve Payne, Joyce Takakura, All Magazines, Chrissie Huneke-Kremer, Diana Bertollt, John Kully, Clint Dyer, Eric Smith, Lorene Goble, Jennifer Titchener, Sandy Tallerico, Graciela Arrue
• Executive Producer: Michael Latham
• Associate Producer: Eric Quakenbush
• Assistant Producers: Erik Wahlberg, Bill Person
• Marketing Manager: France M. Tantiado
• Public Relations Coordinator: Terry Tang
• Test Manager: Mark Lindstrom
• Lead Tester: Richie Hideshima
• Assistant (Tester) Leads: Stephen Bourdet, Lloyd Kinoshita, Mike Borg, Nicole Tatum
• Testers: Rob Prideaux, Joshua Johnson, Ron Allen, Ty Johnson, Mark Fabela, Sako Bezdjian, Raul Orozco, Cesar Lemus, Jay Vo, Scott Hawkins, Kemrexx George, David Paniagua, Richard Cummings, Kim Rogers, Seth Carbon, Rayman Suansing, Joel Breton, Louis Dribbin, Joseph M. Damon, Sean Davin, Stephen C. Wong, Rick Greer, Randy Smaha, Steve Thompson, Anthony Borba, Mike Benton, Eric Molina, Jeffrey L. Loney, Jeff Sanders, Joe Cecchin, Steve Smith
• Manual: Wendy Dinsmore

Source:

US manual

Magazine articles

Main article: Virtua Fighter/Magazine articles.

Promotional material

Main article: Virtua Fighter/Promotional material.

Photo gallery

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  US cabinet

Artwork

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  32X US prototype box art

Physical scans

Model 1 version

Sega Retro Average
Publication Score Source

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Based on 0 review

Sega Retro Average
Publication Version Score Computer & Video Games (UK) 83 Gamestar (AU) 90

	87
Based on 2 reviews

Virtua Fighter

Model 1, US
Manual

Model 1, JP

Saturn version

Sega Retro Average

Publication Score Source CD Consoles (FR) 56 Consoles + (FR) 93 Computer & Video Games (UK) 94 Computer & Video Games (UK) 95 92 Edge (UK) 90 Electronic Entertainment (US) 80 №21, p78/79 Electronic Gaming Monthly (US) 79 Excalibur (CZ) 82 №46, p25 Famitsu (JP) 90 №311, p37 Famitsu (JP) 95 Sega Saturn Tsūshin, p6 GameFan (US) 90 Game Players (US) 85 GamePro (US) 95 GamePro (US) 93 GamesMaster (UK) 95 №25, p34-37 Games World: The Magazine (UK) 93 №15, p71 Hobby Consolas (ES) 91 Joypad (FR) 90 MAN!AC (DE) 82 Maximum (UK) 100 Mega (UK) 97 №29, p38-41 Mean Machines Sega (UK) 96 Mean Machines Sega (UK) 95 Next Generation (US) 80 Player One (FR) 95 Sega Power (UK) 97 №63, p14/15 Sega Pro (UK) 95 №41, p36/37 Sega Pro (UK) 95 №49, p50 Super Juegos (ES) 90 Sega Saturn Magazine (readers) (JP) 90 Ultimate Future Games (UK) 96 Última Generación (ES) 88

	90
Based on 33 reviews

Sega Retro Average

Publication Version Score Alaab Alcomputtar (SA) 85 Alaab Alcomputtar (SA) 90 CD Consoles (FR) 56 Consoles + (FR) 93 Computer & Video Games (UK) NTSC-J 94 Computer & Video Games (UK) PAL 95 Computer + Video Giochi (IT) 91 Digitiser (UK) 93 Edge (UK) 90 Electronic Entertainment (US) NTSC-U 75 Electronic Games (1992-1995) (US) NTSC-U 100 Electronic Gaming Monthly (US) NTSC-U 79 Excalibur (CZ) 82 Famitsu (JP) NTSC-J 90 GameFan (US) NTSC-U 90 Game Players (US) NTSC-U 85 GamePro (US) NTSC-J 95 GamePro (US) NTSC-U 93 GamesMaster (UK) NTSC-J 96 Games World: The Magazine (UK) PAL 93 Game Informer (US) NTSC-U 78 Joypad (FR) 90 LeveL (CZ) 85 MAN!AC (DE) 82 MAN!AC (DE) PAL 82 Maximum (UK) 100 Mega (UK) NTSC-J 97 Mega Fun (DE) PAL 83 Magazina Igrushek (RU) 83 Mean Machines Sega (UK) NTSC-J 96 Mean Machines Sega (UK) PAL 95 Next Generation (US) NTSC-J 75 Player One (FR) 95 Power Unlimited (NL) 92 Saturn Fan (JP) NTSC-J 89 Saturn+ (UK) PAL 82 Score (CZ) 60 Sega Magazin (DE) 87 Sega Magazine (UK) PAL 97 Sega Power (UK) NTSC-J 97 Sega Pro (UK) NTSC-J 95 Sega Pro (UK) PAL 95 Sega Megazone (AU) 95 Sega Saturn Magazine (JP) NTSC-J 90 Strana Igr (RU) 60 Super Juegos (ES) 90 Todo Sega (ES) 92 Ultimate Future Games (UK) NTSC-J 96 Ultimate Future Games (UK) PAL 89 Última Generación (ES) 88 Video Games (DE) NTSC-J 80 VideoGames (US) NTSC-U 80

	88
Based on 52 reviews

Virtua Fighter

Saturn, JP
Cover
Spinecard Disc

Saturn, US
Cover
Manual

Saturn, US (Not For Resale)
Disc Manual

Saturn, EU
Cover
Disc Manual

Saturn, DE
Cover
Disc

Saturn, PT
Cover
Disc

Saturn, AU
Cover
Disc

Saturn, AU (H/Unit)
Cover
Disc

Saturn, BR
Cover
Manual

Saturn, Asia
Cover
Spinecard

32X version

Sega Retro Average

Publication Score Source Consoles + (FR) 80 №47, p136 Computer & Video Games (UK) 95 Electronic Gaming Monthly (US) 76 Famitsu (JP) 75 №358, p30 GameFan (US) 85 Game Players (US) 86 GamesMaster (UK) 93 №35, p62/63 Games World: The Magazine (UK) 92 №18, p59 Hobby Consolas (ES) 92 MAN!AC (DE) 80 Mean Machines Sega (UK) 93 Player One (FR) 92 Sega Magazine (UK) 95 №22, p84/85 Sega Power (UK) 96 №73, p52/53 Sega Pro (UK) 91 №51, p56/57 Sega Pro (UK) 94 №56, p26

	88
Based on 16 reviews

Sega Retro Average

Publication Version Score 1700 igr dlya Sega (RU) 60 Consoles + (FR) 80 Computer & Video Games (UK) 95 Electronic Gaming Monthly (US) NTSC-U 76 Famitsu (JP) NTSC-J 75 Fun Generation (DE) 90 Fusion (US) NTSC-U 75 GameFan (US) NTSC-U 85 Game Players (US) NTSC-U 86 GamePro (US) NTSC-U 83 GamePro (UK) 93 Gamers (DE) 80 Game Informer (US) NTSC-U 83 Hobby Consolas (ES) PAL 92 MAN!AC (DE) PAL 80 Mega Force (FR) PAL 94 Mega Fun (DE) PAL 88 Mean Machines Sega (UK) PAL 93 Next Generation (US) NTSC-U 75 Player One (FR) 92 Saturn Fan (JP) NTSC-J 81 Sega Magazine (UK) PAL 95 Sega News (CZ) 94 Sega Power (UK) PAL 96 Sega Pro (UK) PAL 91 Sega Pro (UK) PAL 94 Super Juegos (ES) 91 Todo Sega (ES) 93 Top Consoles (FR) 75 Tricks (RU) 74 VideoGames (US) NTSC-U 80

	85
Based on 31 reviews

Virtua Fighter

32X, JP
Cover
Cart Manual

32X, US
Cover
Cart Manual

32X, EU
Cover
Cart Manual

32X, AU
Cover
Cart

32X, BR
Cover
Cart Manual

Technical information

ROM dump status

System	Hash	Size	Build Date	Source	Comments
?	CRC32 25aea73c MD5 adcf6c6150d1bc3d073d3754b22ebc69 SHA-1 24b3063284a914c76d8d1f681e3ed6323b0d7d0b	4MB		Cartridge (EU)
✔	CRC32 b5de9626 MD5 901e97c9f731fbdf1f1ead0fbf58249a SHA-1 f35754f4bfe3a53722d7a799f88face0fd13c424	4MB		Cartridge (JP/US)
?	CRC32 MD5 SHA-1		1995-07-26					Page
?	CRC32 MD5 SHA-1		1995-07-25					Page
?	CRC32 MD5 SHA-1		1995-07-24					Page
?	CRC32 MD5 SHA-1		1995-07-21					Page
?	CRC32 MD5 SHA-1		1995-07-17					Page
?	CRC32 MD5 SHA-1		1995-06-30					Page
?	CRC32 MD5 SHA-1		1995-06-15					Page
?	CRC32 MD5 SHA-1		1995-05-30					Page
✔	CRC32 MD5 SHA-1	571,731,216		CD-ROM (EU)	MK81005-50 V1.000
✔	CRC32 MD5 SHA-1	572,046,384	1994-10-05	CD-ROM (JP)	GS-9001 V1.000
✔	CRC32 MD5 SHA-1	572,011,104		CD-ROM (US)	81005 V1.000

Track list

Saturn version

1. Data track

2. AM2 Logo (0:09)

3. Stage Clear (You Won) (0:08)

4. Stage Failed (You Lost) (0:07)

5. Continue? - Game Over (0:18)

6. Player Select (5:04)

7. Jacky Bryant (5:10)

8. Jeffry Mcwild (5:05)

9. Sarah Bryant (5:09)

10. Kage-Maru (5:06)

11. Pai Chan (5:07)

12. Wolf Hawkfield (4:55)

13. Lau Chan (5:11)

14. Akira Yuki (5:12)

15. Dural (5:04)

16. Name Entry (0:50)

17. Rating - Average (0:09)

18. Rating - Poor (0:09)

19. Rating - Excellent (0:12)

► Running time: 53:05

External links

• Sega of Japan catalogue page (Japanese): Saturn